126 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
126 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Linux 系统中的 Bash 自动补全功能"
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description: "Linux 系统中 Bash 自动补全功能的一些可选配置。"
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headless: true
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_build:
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list: never
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render: never
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publishResources: false
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---
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<!--
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title: "bash auto-completion on Linux"
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description: "Some optional configuration for bash auto-completion on Linux."
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headless: true
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_build:
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list: never
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render: never
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publishResources: false
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-->
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<!--
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### Introduction
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-->
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### 简介 {#introduction}
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<!--
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The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with the command `kubectl completion bash`.
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Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
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However, the completion script depends on
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[**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion),
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which means that you have to install this software first
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(you can test if you have bash-completion already installed by running `type _init_completion`).
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-->
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kubectl 的 Bash 补全脚本可以用命令 `kubectl completion bash` 生成。
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在 Shell 中导入（Sourcing）补全脚本，将启用 kubectl 自动补全功能。
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然而，补全脚本依赖于工具 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion)，
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所以要先安装它（可以用命令 `type _init_completion` 检查 bash-completion 是否已安装）。
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<!--
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### Install bash-completion
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-->
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### 安装 bash-completion {#install-bash-comletion}
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<!--
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bash-completion is provided by many package managers
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(see [here](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)).
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You can install it with `apt-get install bash-completion` or `yum install bash-completion`, etc.
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The above commands create `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`,
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which is the main script of bash-completion. Depending on your package manager,
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you have to manually source this file in your `~/.bashrc` file.
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To find out, reload your shell and run `type _init_completion`.
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If the command succeeds, you're already set, otherwise add the following to your `~/.bashrc` file:
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-->
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很多包管理工具均支持 bash-completion（参见[这里](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)）。
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可以通过 `apt-get install bash-completion` 或 `yum install bash-completion` 等命令来安装它。
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上述命令将创建文件 `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`，它是 bash-completion 的主脚本。
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依据包管理工具的实际情况，你需要在 `~/.bashrc` 文件中手工导入此文件。
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要查看结果，请重新加载你的 Shell，并运行命令 `type _init_completion`。
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如果命令执行成功，则设置完成，否则将下面内容添加到文件 `~/.bashrc` 中：
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```bash
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source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
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```
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<!--
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Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion is correctly installed by typing `type _init_completion`.
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-->
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重新加载 Shell，再输入命令 `type _init_completion` 来验证 bash-completion 的安装状态。
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<!--
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### Enable kubectl autocompletion
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-->
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### 启动 kubectl 自动补全功能 {#enable-kubectl-autocompletion}
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#### Bash
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<!--
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You now need to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all
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your shell sessions. There are two ways in which you can do this:
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-->
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你现在需要确保一点：kubectl 补全脚本已经导入（sourced）到 Shell 会话中。
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可以通过以下两种方法进行设置：
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_bash_autocompletion" >}}
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{{< tab name="当前用户" codelang="bash" >}}
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echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="系统全局" codelang="bash" >}}
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kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl > /dev/null
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sudo chmod a+r /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
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-->
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如果 kubectl 有关联的别名，你可以扩展 Shell 补全来适配此别名：
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```bash
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echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bashrc
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echo 'complete -o default -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bashrc
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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bash-completion sources all completion scripts in `/etc/bash_completion.d`.
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-->
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bash-completion 负责导入 `/etc/bash_completion.d` 目录中的所有补全脚本。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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Both approaches are equivalent. After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
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To enable bash autocompletion in current session of shell, source the ~/.bashrc file:
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-->
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两种方式的效果相同。重新加载 Shell 后，kubectl 自动补全功能即可生效。
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若要在当前 Shell 会话中启用 Bash 补全功能，源引 `~/.bashrc` 文件：
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```bash
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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