906 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
906 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 安装并配置 kubectl
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: 安装 kubectl
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---
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<!--
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reviewers:
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- mikedanese
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title: Install and Set Up kubectl
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: Install kubectl
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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The Kubernetes command-line tool, [kubectl](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/), allows
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you to run commands against Kubernetes clusters.
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You can use kubectl to deploy applications, inspect and manage cluster resources,
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and view logs. For a complete list of kubectl operations, see
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[Overview of kubectl](/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/).
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-->
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使用 Kubernetes 命令行工具 [kubectl](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)，
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你可以在 Kubernetes 上运行命令。
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使用 kubectl，你可以部署应用、检查和管理集群资源、查看日志。
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要了解 kubectl 操作的完整列表，请参阅
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[kubectl 概览](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/)。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
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For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
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Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
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-->
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你必须使用与集群小版本号差别为一的 kubectl 版本。
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例如，1.2 版本的客户端应该与 1.1 版本、1.2 版本和 1.3 版本的主节点一起使用。
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使用最新版本的 kubectl 有助于避免无法预料的问题。
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<!-- steps -->
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on Linux
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux
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-->
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## 在 Linux 上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-linux}
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### 在 Linux 上使用 curl 安装 kubectl 可执行文件
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<!--
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1. Download the latest release with the command:
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-->
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1. 使用下面命令下载最新的发行版本：
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```
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curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
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```
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<!--
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To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
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For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
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-->
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要下载特定版本， `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)`
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部分替换为指定版本。
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例如，要下载 Linux 上的版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}，输入：
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```
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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2. Make the kubectl binary executable.
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-->
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2. 标记 kubectl 文件为可执行：
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```
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chmod +x ./kubectl
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```
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<!--
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3. Move the binary in to your PATH.
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-->
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3. 将文件放到 PATH 路径下：
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```
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sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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4. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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4. 测试你所安装的版本是最新的：
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```
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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### Install using native package management
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-->
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### 使用原生包管理器安装 {#install-using-native-package-management}
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
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{{< tab name="Ubuntu、Debian 或 HypriotOS" codelang="bash" >}}
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2 curl
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curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}
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cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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repo_gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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yum install -y kubectl
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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### Install using other package management
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-->
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### 使用其他包管理器安装 {#install-using-other-package-management}
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{{< tabs name="other_kubectl_install" >}}
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{{% tab name="Snap" %}}
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<!--
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If you are on Ubuntu or another Linux distribution that support [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) package manager, kubectl is available as a [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) application.
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-->
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如果你使用 Ubuntu 或者其他支持 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install)
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包管理器的 Linux 发行版，kubeclt 可以作为 [Snap](https://snapcraft.io)
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应用来安装：
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```shell
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snap install kubectl --classic
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="Homebrew" %}}
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<!--
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If you are on Linux and using [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) package manager, kubectl is available for [installation](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install).
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-->
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如果你在使用 Linux 且使用 [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) 包管理器，
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kubectl 也可以用这种方式[安装](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install)。
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```shell
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brew install kubectl
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on macOS
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on macOS
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-->
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## 在 macOS 上安装 kubectl
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### 在 macOS 上使用 curl 安装 kubectl 可执行文件
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<!--
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1. Download the latest release:
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-->
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1. 下载最新发行版本：
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```bash
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curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
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```
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<!--
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To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
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For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on macOS, type:
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-->
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要下载特定版本，可将上面命令中的`$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)`
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部分替换成你想要的版本。
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例如，要在 macOS 上安装版本 {{< param "fullversion" >}}，输入：
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```bash
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
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```
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<!-- Make the kubectl binary executable. -->
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将二进制文件标记为可执行：
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```bash
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chmod +x ./kubectl
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```
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<!--
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3. Move the binary in to your PATH.
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-->
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3. 将二进制文件放入 PATH 目录下：
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```bash
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sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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4. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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4. 测试以确保所安装的版本是最新的：
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```bash
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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### Install with Homebrew on macOS
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If you are on macOS and using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Homebrew.
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-->
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### 在 macOS 上使用 Homebrew 安装 {#install-with-homebrew-on-macos}
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如果你在 macOS 上且使用 [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) 包管理器，
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你可以使用 Homebrew 来安装 kubectl。
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<!--
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1. Run the installation command:
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-->
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1. 运行安装命令：
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```
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brew install kubernetes-cli
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```
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<!--
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2. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
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-->
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2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：
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```
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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## Install with Macports on macOS
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If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Macports.
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-->
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## 在 macOS 上用 Macports 安装 kubectl
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如果你使用的是 macOS 系统并使用 [Macports](https://macports.org/) 包管理器，你可以通过 Macports 安装 kubectl。
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<!--
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1. Run the installation command:
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-->
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1. 运行安装命令：
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```
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port install kubectl
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```
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<!--
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2. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
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-->
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2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：
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```
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on Windows
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on Windows
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-->
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## 在 Windows 上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-windows}
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### 在 Windows 上使用 curl 安装 kubectl 二进制文件
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<!--
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1. Download the latest release {{< param "fullversion" >}} from [this link](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe).
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Or if you have `curl` installed, use this command:
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-->
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1. 从[此链接](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
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下载最新发型版本。
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或者如何你安装了 `curl`，使用下面的命令：
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```bash
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
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```
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<!--
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To find out the latest stable version (for example, for scripting), take a look at [https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt).
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-->
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要了解最新的稳定版本（例如，出于脚本编写目的），可查看
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[https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)。
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<!--
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2. Add the binary in to your PATH.
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-->
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2. 将可执行文件放到 PATH 目录下。
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<!--
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3. Test to ensure the version of `kubectl` is the same as downloaded:
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-->
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3. 测试以确定所下载的 `kubectl` 版本是正确的的：
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```bash
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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[Docker Desktop for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/#kubernetes) adds its own version of `kubectl` to PATH.
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If you have installed Docker Desktop before, you may need to place your PATH entry before the one added by the Docker Desktop installer or remove the Docker Desktop's `kubectl`.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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[Docker Desktop for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/#kubernetes)
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会在 PATH 中添加自己的 `kubectl` 程序。
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如果你之前安装过 Docker Desktop，你可能需要将新安装的 PATH 项放到 Docker Desktop
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安装程序所添加的目录之前，或者干脆删除 Docker Desktop 所安装的 `kubectl`。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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## Install with Powershell from PSGallery
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If you are on Windows and using [Powershell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/) package manager, you can install and update kubectl with Powershell.
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-->
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## 使用 PowerShell 从 PSGallery 安装 kubectl
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如果你使用的是 Windows 系统并使用 [Powershell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/)
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软件包管理器，你可以使用 Powershell 安装和更新 kubectl。
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<!--
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1. Run the installation commands (making sure to specify a `DownloadLocation`):
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-->
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1. 运行安装命令（确保指定 `DownloadLocation`）：
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```
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Install-Script -Name install-kubectl -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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install-kubectl.ps1 [-DownloadLocation <path>]
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```
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<!--
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If you do not specify a `DownloadLocation`, `kubectl` will be installed in the user's temp Directory.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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如果你没有指定 `DownloadLocation`，那么 `kubectl` 将安装在用户的临时目录中。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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The installer creates `$HOME/.kube` and instructs it to create a config file
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-->
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安装程序创建 `$ HOME/.kube` 目录，并指示它创建配置文件
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<!--
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2. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
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-->
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2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：
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```
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in step 1.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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通过重新运行步骤 1 中列出的两个命令可以更新安装。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Install with Chocolatey on Windows
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1. To install kubectl on Windows you can use either [Chocolatey] package manager or [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) command-line installer.
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-->
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1. 要在 Windows 上用 [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org) 或者
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[Scoop](https://scoop.sh) 命令行安装程序安装 kubectl：
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_win_install" >}}
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{{% tab name="choco" %}}
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```powershell
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choco install kubernetes-cli
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="scoop" %}}
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```powershell
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scoop install kubectl
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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||
|
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<!--
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2. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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2. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：
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```
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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3. Navigate to your home directory:
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-->
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3. 切换到你的 HOME 目录：
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```powershell
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# 如果你在使用 cmd.exe，运行 cd %USERPROFILE%
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cd ~
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```
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|
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<!--
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4. Create the `.kube` directory:
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-->
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4. 创建 `.kube` 目录：
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```powerhsell
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mkdir .kube
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```
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<!--
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5. Change to the .kube directory you just created:
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-->
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5. 进入到刚刚创建的 `.kube` 目录：
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||
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```powershell
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cd .kube
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```
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|
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<!--
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6. Configure kubectl to use a remote Kubernetes cluster:
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-->
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6. 配置 kubectl 以使用远程 Kubernetes 集群：
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||
|
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```powershell
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New-Item config -type file
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||
```
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||
|
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<!--
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Edit the config file with a text editor of your choice, such as Notepad.
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||
-->
|
||
{{< note >}}
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使用你喜欢的文本编辑器，例如 Notepad，编辑此配置文件。
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||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
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|
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<!--
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||
## Download as part of the Google Cloud SDK
|
||
|
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You can install kubectl as part of the Google Cloud SDK.
|
||
-->
|
||
## 将 kubectl 作为 Google Cloud SDK 的一部分下载
|
||
|
||
kubectl 可以作为 Google Cloud SDK 的一部分进行安装。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Install the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/).
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2. Run the `kubectl` installation command:
|
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-->
|
||
1. 安装 [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/)。
|
||
2. 运行以下命令安装 `kubectl`：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
gcloud components install kubectl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
3. Test to ensure the version you installed is sufficiently up-to-date:
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 测试以确保你安装的版本是最新的：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
kubectl version --client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Verifying kubectl configuration
|
||
|
||
In order for kubectl to find and access a Kubernetes cluster, it needs a
|
||
[kubeconfig file](/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/),
|
||
which is created automatically when you create a cluster using
|
||
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
|
||
or successfully deploy a Minikube cluster.
|
||
By default, kubectl configuration is located at `~/.kube/config`.
|
||
-->
|
||
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verifying-kubectl-configuration}
|
||
|
||
kubectl 需要一个
|
||
[kubeconfig 配置文件](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/)
|
||
使其找到并访问 Kubernetes 集群。当你使用
|
||
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
|
||
创建 Kubernetes 集群或者使用已经部署好的 Minikube 集群时，
|
||
会自动生成 kubeconfig 配置文件。
|
||
默认情况下，kubectl 的配置文件位于 `~/.kube/config`。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Check that kubectl is properly configured by getting the cluster state:
|
||
-->
|
||
通过获取集群状态检查 kubectl 是否被正确配置：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl cluster-info
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you see a URL response, kubectl is correctly configured to access your cluster.
|
||
|
||
If you see a message similar to the following, kubectl is not correctly configured or not able to connect to a Kubernetes cluster.
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你看到一个 URL 被返回，那么 kubectl 已经被正确配置，能够正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。
|
||
|
||
如果你看到类似以下的信息被返回，那么 kubectl 没有被正确配置，无法正常访问你的 Kubernetes 集群。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
The connection to the server <server-name:port> was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
For example, if you are intending to run a Kubernetes cluster on your laptop (locally), you will need a tool like minikube to be installed first and then re-run the commands stated above.
|
||
|
||
If kubectl cluster-info returns the url response but you can't access your cluster, to check whether it is configured properly, use:
|
||
-->
|
||
例如，如果你打算在笔记本电脑（本地）上运行 Kubernetes 集群，则需要首先安装 minikube 等工具，然后重新运行上述命令。
|
||
|
||
如果 kubectl cluster-info 能够返回 URL 响应，但你无法访问你的集群，可以使用下面的命令检查配置是否正确：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl cluster-info dump
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Optional kubectl configurations
|
||
|
||
## Enabling shell autocompletion
|
||
|
||
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
|
||
|
||
Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash (including the difference between Linux and macOS) and Zsh.
|
||
-->
|
||
## 可选的 kubectl 配置
|
||
|
||
### 启用 shell 自动补全功能
|
||
|
||
kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 支持自动补全功能，可以节省大量输入！
|
||
|
||
下面是设置 Bash 与 Zsh 下自动补齐的过程（包括 Linux 与 macOS 的差异）。
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
|
||
|
||
{{% tab name="Linux 上的 Bash" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Introduction
|
||
|
||
The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with the command `kubectl completion bash`. Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
|
||
|
||
However, the completion script depends on [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion), which means that you have to install this software first (you can test if you have bash-completion already installed by running `type _init_completion`).
|
||
-->
|
||
#### 介绍
|
||
|
||
用于 Bash 的 kubectl 自动补齐脚本可以用 `kubectl completion bash` 命令生成。
|
||
在 Shell 环境中引用自动补齐脚本就可以启用 kubectl 自动补齐。
|
||
|
||
不过，补齐脚本依赖于 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion) 软件包，
|
||
这意味着你必须先安装 bash-completion（你可以通过运行 `type _init_completion`）来测试是否
|
||
你已经安装了这个软件）。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install bash-completion
|
||
|
||
bash-completion is provided by many package managers (see [here](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)). You can install it with `apt-get install bash-completion` or `yum install bash-completion`, etc.
|
||
|
||
The above commands create `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`, which is the main script of bash-completion. Depending on your package manager, you have to manually source this file in your `~/.bashrc` file.
|
||
|
||
To find out, reload your shell and run `type _init_completion`. If the command succeeds, you're already set, otherwise add the following to your `~/.bashrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
### 安装 bash-completion
|
||
|
||
很多包管理器都提供 bash-completion（参见[这里](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)）。
|
||
你可以通过 `apt-get install bash-completion` 或 `yum install bash-completion` 来安装。
|
||
|
||
上述命令会创建 `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`，也就是 bash-completion 的主脚本。
|
||
取决于所用的包管理器，你可能必须在你的 `~/.bashrc` 中通过 `source` 源引此文件。
|
||
|
||
要搞清楚这一点，可以重新加载你的 Shell 并运行 `type _init_completion`。
|
||
如果命令成功，一切就绪；否则你就需要将下面的内容添加到你的 `~/.bashrc`
|
||
文件中：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
之后，重新加载你的 Shell 并运行 `type _init_completion` 来检查 bash-completion 是否已
|
||
正确安装。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Enable kubectl autocompletion
|
||
|
||
You now need to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all your shell sessions. There are two ways in which you can do this:
|
||
-->
|
||
### 启用 kubectl 自动补齐
|
||
|
||
你现在需要确定在你的所有 Shell 会话中都源引了 kubectl 自动补齐脚本。
|
||
实现这点有两种方式：
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- Source the completion script in your `~/.bashrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
- 在 `~/.bashrc` 文件中源引自动补齐脚本
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- Add the completion script to the `/etc/bash_completion.d` directory:
|
||
-->
|
||
- 将自动补齐脚本添加到目录 `/etc/bash_completion.d`：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
kubectl completion bash >/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你为 kubectl 命令设置了别名（alias），你可以扩展 Shell 补齐，使之能够与别名一起使用：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bashrc
|
||
echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bashrc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- Source the completion script in your `~/.bashrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
bash-completion sources all completion scripts in `/etc/bash_completion.d`.
|
||
-->
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
bash-completion 会自动源引 `/etc/bash_completion.d` 下的所有自动补齐脚本。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Both approaches are equivalent. After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
|
||
-->
|
||
两种方法是等价的。重新加载 Shell 之后，kubectl 的自动补齐应该能够使用了。
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
|
||
{{% tab name="macOS 上的 Bash" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Introduction
|
||
|
||
The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with `kubectl completion bash`. Sourcing this script in your shell enables kubectl completion.
|
||
|
||
However, the kubectl completion script depends on [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion) which you thus have to previously install.
|
||
-->
|
||
### 介绍
|
||
|
||
用于 Bash 的 kubectl 自动补齐脚本可以用 `kubectl completion bash` 命令生成。
|
||
在 Shell 环境中引用自动补齐脚本就可以启用 kubectl 自动补齐。
|
||
不过，补齐脚本依赖于 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion) 软件包，
|
||
你必须预先安装。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
There are two versions of bash-completion, v1 and v2. V1 is for Bash 3.2
|
||
(which is the default on macOS), and v2 is for Bash 4.1+. The kubectl
|
||
completion script **doesn't work** correctly with bash-completion v1 and Bash
|
||
3.2. It requires **bash-completion v2** and **Bash 4.1+**. Thus, to be able to
|
||
correctly use kubectl completion on macOS, you have to install and use Bash
|
||
4.1+
|
||
([*instructions*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba)).
|
||
The following instructions assume that you use Bash 4.1+ (that is, any Bash
|
||
version of 4.1 or newer).
|
||
-->
|
||
{{< warning>}}
|
||
`bash-completion` 有两个版本，v1 和 v2。
|
||
v1 是用于 Bash 3.2 版本的（macOS 上的默认配置），v2 是用于 Bash 4.1 以上版本的。
|
||
`kubectl` 补齐脚本 *无法* 在 v1 版本的 bash-completion 和 Bash 3.2 上使用，
|
||
需要 **bash-completion v2** 和 **Bash 4.1 以上版本**。
|
||
因此，为了在 macOS 上正常使用 kubectl 自动补齐，你需要安装并使用 Bash 4.1+
|
||
版本（[*相关指南*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba)）。
|
||
下面的指令假定你在使用 Bash 4.1+（也就是说 Bash 4.1 及以上版本）。
|
||
{{< /warning >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Upgrade Bash
|
||
|
||
The instructions here assume you use Bash 4.1+. You can check your Bash's version by running:
|
||
-->
|
||
### 升级 Bash {#upgrade-bash}
|
||
|
||
这里的命令假定你使用的是 Bash 4.1+。你可以通过下面的命令来检查 Bash 版本：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo $BASH_VERSION
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If it is too old, you can install/upgrade it using Homebrew:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果版本很老，你可以使用 Homebrew 来安装或升级：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
brew install bash
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Reload your shell and verify that the desired version is being used:
|
||
-->
|
||
重新加载 Shell 并验证你使用的版本是期望的版本：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo $BASH_VERSION $SHELL
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Homebrew usually installs it at `/usr/local/bin/bash`.
|
||
-->
|
||
Homebrew 通常安装 Bash 到 `/usr/local/bin/bash`。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install bash-completion
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
As mentioned, these instructions assume you use Bash 4.1+, which means you will install bash-completion v2 (in contrast to Bash 3.2 and bash-completion v1, in which case kubectl completion won't work).
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
You can test if you have bash-completion v2 already installed with `type _init_completion`. If not, you can install it with Homebrew:
|
||
-->
|
||
### 安装 bash-completion
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
如前所述，这里的指令假定你使用的是 Bash 4.1+，这意味着你会安装 bash-completion
|
||
的 v2 版本（与此相对，在 Bash 3.2 版本中的 bash-completion v1 是 kubectl
|
||
无法使用的。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
你可以通过输入 `type _init_completion` 来测试是否 bash-completion v2 已经安装。
|
||
如果没有，可以用 Homebrew 来安装：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
brew install bash-completion@2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
As stated in the output of this command, add the following to your `~/.bash_profile` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
就像命令的输出所提示的，你应该将下面的内容添加到 `~/.bash_profile` 文件中：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
export BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR="/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d"
|
||
[[ -r "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh" ]] && . "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion v2 is correctly installed with `type _init_completion`.
|
||
-->
|
||
重新加载你的 Shell 并运行 `type _init_completion`，验证 bash-completion v2
|
||
被正确安装。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Enable kubectl autocompletion
|
||
|
||
You now have to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all your shell sessions. There are multiple ways to achieve this:
|
||
-->
|
||
### 启用 kubectl 自动补齐
|
||
|
||
你现在需要确保在你的所有 Shell 会话中都源引了 kubectl 自动补齐脚本。
|
||
实现这点有两种方式：
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- Source the completion script in your `~/.bashrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
- 在 `~/.bash_profile` 文件中源引自动补齐脚本
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bash_profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- Add the completion script to the `/etc/bash_completion.d` directory:
|
||
-->
|
||
- 将自动补齐脚本添加到目录 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d`：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
kubectl completion bash >//usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
|
||
-->
|
||
- 如果你为 kubectl 命令设置了别名（alias），你可以扩展 Shell 补齐，使之能够与别名一起使用：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bash_profile
|
||
echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bash_profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
- If you installed kubectl with Homebrew (as explained [above](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)), then the kubectl completion script should already be in `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl`. In that case, you don't need to do anything.
|
||
|
||
The Homebrew installation of bash-completion v2 sources all the files in the `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` directory, that's why the latter two methods work.
|
||
|
||
In any case, after reloading your shell, kubectl completion should be working.
|
||
-->
|
||
- 如果你是所有 Homebrew 来安装 kubectl（如[前文](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)所述）,
|
||
kubectl 补齐脚本应该已经位于 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl` 目录下。
|
||
在这种情况下，你就不用做任何操作了。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The Homebrew installation of bash-completion v2 sources all the files in the
|
||
`BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` directory, that's why the latter two methods work.
|
||
-->
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
Homebrew 安装 bash-completion v2 时会源引 `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` 目录下的所有
|
||
文件，这是为什么后面两种方法也可行的原因。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
In any case, after reloading your shell, kubectl completion should be working.
|
||
-->
|
||
在任何一种情况下，重新加载 Shell 之后，kubectl 的自动补齐应该可以工作了。
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
|
||
{{% tab name="Zsh" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The kubectl completion script for Zsh can be generated with the command `kubectl completion zsh`. Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
|
||
|
||
To do so in all your shell sessions, add the following to your `~/.zshrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
Zsh 的 kubectl 补齐脚本可通过 `kubectl completion zsh` 命令来生成。
|
||
在 Shell 环境中引用自动补齐脚本就可以启用 kubectl 自动补齐。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
source <(kubectl completion zsh)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你为 kubectl 命令设置了别名（alias），你可以扩展 Shell 补齐，使之能够与别名一起使用：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.zshrc
|
||
echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.zshrc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
|
||
-->
|
||
重新加载 Shell 之后，kubectl 的自动补齐应该可以工作了。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you get an error like `complete:13: command not found: compdef`, then add the following to the beginning of your `~/.zshrc` file:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你看到类似 `complete:13: command not found: compdef` 这种错误信息，
|
||
可以将下面的命令添加到你的 `~/.zshrc` 文件的文件头：
|
||
|
||
```zsh
|
||
autoload -Uz compinit
|
||
compinit
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
* [Install Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
|
||
* See the [getting started guides](/docs/setup/) for more about creating clusters.
|
||
* [Learn how to launch and expose your application.](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
|
||
* If you need access to a cluster you didn't create, see the
|
||
[Sharing Cluster Access document](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/).
|
||
* Read the [kubectl reference docs](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)
|
||
-->
|
||
* [安装 Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
|
||
* 参阅[入门指南](/zh/docs/setup/)，了解创建集群相关的信息
|
||
* 了解如何[启动和暴露你的应用](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
|
||
* 如果你需要访问别人创建的集群，参考
|
||
[共享集群访问文档](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/)
|
||
* 阅读 [kubectl 参考文档](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)
|
||
|