184 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
184 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 使用 CronJob 运行自动化任务
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.21
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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---
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<!--
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title: Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.21
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reviewers:
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- chenopis
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This page shows how to run automated tasks using Kubernetes {{< glossary_tooltip text="CronJob" term_id="cronjob" >}} object.
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-->
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本页演示如何使用 Kubernetes {{< glossary_tooltip text="CronJob" term_id="cronjob" >}}
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对象运行自动化任务。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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* {{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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<!-- steps -->
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<!--
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## Creating a CronJob {#creating-a-cron-job}
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Cron jobs require a config file.
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Here is a manifest for a CronJob that runs a simple demonstration task every minute:
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-->
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## 创建 CronJob {#creating-a-cron-job}
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CronJob 需要一个配置文件。
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以下是针对一个 CronJob 的清单，该 CronJob 每分钟运行一个简单的演示任务：
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{{% code_sample file="application/job/cronjob.yaml" %}}
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<!--
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Run the example CronJob by using this command:
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-->
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执行以下命令以运行此 CronJob 示例：
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```shell
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kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/cronjob.yaml
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```
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cronjob.batch/hello created
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```
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<!--
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After creating the cron job, get its status using this command:
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-->
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创建好 CronJob 后，使用下面的命令来获取其状态：
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```shell
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kubectl get cronjob hello
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```
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NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
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hello */1 * * * * False 0 <none> 10s
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```
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<!--
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As you can see from the results of the command, the cron job has not scheduled or run any jobs yet.
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Watch" term_id="watch" >}} for the job to be created in around one minute:
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-->
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就像你从命令返回结果看到的那样，CronJob 还没有调度或执行任何任务。
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等待大约一分钟，以{{< glossary_tooltip text="观察" term_id="watch" >}}作业的创建进程：
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```shell
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kubectl get jobs --watch
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```
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NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
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hello-4111706356 0/1 0s
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hello-4111706356 0/1 0s 0s
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hello-4111706356 1/1 5s 5s
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```
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<!--
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Now you've seen one running job scheduled by the "hello" cron job.
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You can stop watching the job and view the cron job again to see that it scheduled the job:
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-->
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现在你已经看到了一个运行中的任务被 “hello” CronJob 调度。
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你可以停止监视这个任务，然后再次查看 CronJob 就能看到它调度任务：
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```shell
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kubectl get cronjob hello
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```
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NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
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hello */1 * * * * False 0 50s 75s
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```
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<!--
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You should see that the cron job `hello` successfully scheduled a job at the time specified in
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`LAST SCHEDULE`. There are currently 0 active jobs, meaning that the job has completed or failed.
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Now, find the pods that the last scheduled job created and view the standard output of one of the pods.
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-->
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你应该能看到 `hello` CronJob 在 `LAST SCHEDULE` 声明的时间点成功地调度了一次任务。
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目前有 0 个活跃的任务，这意味着任务执行完毕或者执行失败。
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现在，找到最后一次调度任务创建的 Pod 并查看一个 Pod 的标准输出。
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<!--
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The job name is different from the pod name.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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Job 名称与 Pod 名称不同。
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{{< /note >}}
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```shell
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# 在你的系统上将 "hello-4111706356" 替换为 Job 名称
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pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=hello-4111706356 --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
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```
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<!--
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Show the pod log:
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-->
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查看 Pod 日志：
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```shell
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kubectl logs $pods
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```
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Fri Feb 22 11:02:09 UTC 2019
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Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
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```
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<!--
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## Deleting a CronJob
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When you don't need a cron job any more, delete it with `kubectl delete cronjob <cronjob name>`:
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-->
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## 删除 CronJob {#deleting-a-cronjob}
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当你不再需要 CronJob 时，可以用 `kubectl delete cronjob <cronjob name>` 删掉它：
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```shell
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kubectl delete cronjob hello
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```
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<!--
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Deleting the cron job removes all the jobs and pods it created and stops it from creating additional jobs.
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You can read more about removing jobs in [garbage collection](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/).
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-->
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删除 CronJob 会清除它创建的所有任务和 Pod，并阻止它创建额外的任务。
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你可以查阅[垃圾收集](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/)。
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