676 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
676 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: documentation
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title: openHABian
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source: https://github.com/openhab/openhabian/blob/main/docs/openhabian.md
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---
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# openHABian - Hassle-free openHAB Setup
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You just discovered openHAB and now you are eager to start but you're afraid of setting up a standalone system for it?
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openHABian is here to help.
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[[toc]]
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## Features
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openHABian is a **self-configuring** Linux system setup to reliably operate your openHAB instance 24 hours a day.
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A fresh install provides:
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- Complete **SD-card images pre-configured with openHAB** for the Raspberry Pi line of small single-board computers
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- The openHABian configuration tool to set up and configure openHAB and many related things on any Debian based system
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- Fully automated hassle-free setup without a need for a display or keyboard, connected via Ethernet or Wi-Fi (see [networking](#wi-fi-based-setup-notes))
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- Samba file sharing [pre-configured ready to use shares]({{base}}/installation/linux.html#mounting-locally)
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- [ZRAM](https://www.github.com/ecdye/zram-config) to reduce wear on SD cards
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With many more optional features available in the `openhabian-config` menu.
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## Getting Started with openHABian
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openHABian is for starters *and* expert users.
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openHABian provides a solid base for openHAB and can be configured in any number of ways after the initial install.
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We suggest that users keep the packages on the system all openHAB related, this will help keep the system as stable as possible.
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This advice works well with the idea of a single board computer (SBC) as they are meant to cheap and affordable to be used for a single purpose.
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Therefore our recommendation is to dedicate a single system (typically a Raspberry Pi) to your openHAB instance and any related software.
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With that being said, we can't and won't stop you from doing whatever you want, but don't say we didn't warn you.
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### Hardware
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#### Hardware Recommendation
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Our current recommendation is to get a Raspberry Pi model 4 or 5 with 2 or 4 GB of RAM, whatever you can get for a good price.
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Older RPi models (or models with less RAM) can be sufficient to run a smallish openHAB setup.
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Please note that running 64bit mode on RPi's with only 1 GB of RAM tends not to work super well.
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You will need an SD card to go along with your Raspberry Pi, SD cards labelled "Endurance" are best for openHABian.
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Cards labelled "Endurance" can handle more write cycles and will typically last longer for openHAB's use conditions.
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Ideally you should purchase two SD cards, and a USB adapter for the second card so that you can make use of the [SD mirroring](./openhabian-backup.md#sd-mirroring) feature.
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This will give you a ready to go drop in replacement in the case of any hardware issues later on.
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#### Hardware Support
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All Raspberry Pi models are supported by openHABian.
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::: tip Note
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With the upcoming openHAB 5 release, we will drop support for anything older than an RPi 3 as openHAB 5 will require a 64 bit processor.
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:::
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openHABian can run on x86 based systems but you will need to install debian yourself.
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See [installation on other Linux systems](#installation-on-other-linux-systems) for directions on what to do.
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All other system combinations do not have official support.
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We do not actively prohibit installation on any hardware, including unsupported systems, *but we will **not** offer support for any issues you encounter*.
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We **strongly** suggest that you stay with a supported version.
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This will help you and those you will want to ask for help on the forum focus on a known set of issues and solutions.
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##### 32/64 Bit Image Support
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Any RPi 3 or newer supports 64 bit operation.
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Unless you really know what you are doing and have a compelling reason to do so, stick with the 64 bit image.
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If you do install a 32 bit image, please note that you will be unable to upgrade to openHAB 5 in the future.
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On systems with only 1 GB of RAM running the 64 bit image may cause issues as there may not be sufficient RAM.
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If you observe issues please consider upgrading to a model with more that 1 GB of RAM.
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### Networking
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You need to connect your Raspberry Pi to the network by Ethernet or configure Wi-Fi settings before first boot.
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If you plan on using Wi-Fi see [first boot configuration](#first-boot-configuration) for how to configure those settings.
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If we fail to connect to any networks on first boot, we will try to open a [Wi-Fi hotspot](#Wi-Fi-Hotspot) that will allow you to connect your Raspberry Pi to Wi-Fi from another device.
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The hotspot is temporary and will close once the Wi-Fi connects successfully.
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If connection fails the hotspot will return for you to try again.
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#### Wi-Fi Hotspot
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When your openHABian box does not get Internet connectivity through either Ethernet or Wi-Fi (if configured), openHABian will launch a **hotspot**.
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Use your mobile phone to scan for Wi-Fi networks, you should be seeing an new unprotected network called `openHABian-<n>` with `<n>` being a digit.
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Once connected, most smartphones will transfer you to a web page.
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If this does not happen on your mobile device, open your browser on the mobile and point it at [http://raspberrypi.local](http://raspberrypi.local).
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If you cannot connect to this address, go to [http://10.41.0.1](http://10.41.0.1).
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On that page you can select the SSID of the network you want to connect your system to.
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Provide the password and submit it be aware that as soon as you do, the system will immediately stop the hotspot and attempt to connect to the specified network.
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As such your browser will be unable to provide any indication of if the operation succeeded.
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Try to ping the new system's hostname (default is `openhabian`) or check DHCP on your router to see if your openHABian system appeared there.
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You can use `sudo comitup-cli` inside openHABian to change networks and eventually remove network credentials.
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Note that the hotspot will remain on standby and will show up again every time your `wlan0` interface is losing connectivity.
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For more information on the hotspot functions see [comitup documentation](https://davesteele.github.io/comitup/).
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Most behavior can be tweaked by setting parameters (such as a default password) in `/etc/comitup.conf`.
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The hotspot feature is known to work on RPi3 and newer but can expose problems when used with USB Wi-Fi adapters.
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### Installation on Raspberry Pi Systems
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**Flash, plug, wait, enjoy:**
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The provided image is based on [Raspberry Pi OS Lite](https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-32-bit) (previously called Raspbian).
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openHABian is designed as a headless system, you will not need a display or a keyboard.
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On first boot, the system will set up openHAB, its tools and settings.
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Packages will be downloaded and configured in their *newest* version.
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The whole process will take some time and if all goes well openHAB will be setup and ready to go without needing any additional configuration.
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**Installation:**
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- Make sure you meet the [hardware prerequisites](#hardware) first
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- Write the image to your SD card
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- Use the official [Raspberry Pi Imager](https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/) select: 'Other specific-purpose OS -> Home assistants and home automation -> openHAB'
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- Alternatively download the latest release from [here](https://github.com/openhab/openhabian/releases/latest) and flash using a tool like [Etcher](https://etcher.balena.io)
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- Change any settings you want (see [first boot configuration](#first-boot-configuration))
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- Insert the SD card into your Raspberry Pi
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- Prepare whatever networking you need (see [networking](#networking))
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- Power on and wait approximately 10-30 minutes for openHABian to do its magic
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- You can watch the install progress in your browser at [http://openhabian:81](http://openhabian:81) or whatever your IP address is if the hostname does not work
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- If for whatever reason networking does not work, openHABian will launch a [hotspot](#Wi-Fi-Hotspot)
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- Connect to the openHAB UI at [http://openhabian:8080](http://openhabian:8080) and make your home smart
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- If you encounter any issues, see [troubleshooting](./openhabian-troubleshooting.md)
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When openHABian has installed and configured your openHAB system, you can start to use it right away.
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### Installation on Other Linux Systems
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You can install openHABian on x86 hardware on top of an existing Debian installation.
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Please note that the install process is tailored to work for RPi systems.
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We cannot test systems outside of RPis upfront so there may be some issues we cannot anticipate that come up.
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Although the core parts of openHABian were reported to work on Ubuntu, it is not supported and untested.
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If you try and fail, please help and drop us a note on GitHub with debug log enabled, see [troubleshooting](./openhabian-toubleshooting.md).
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Start with a fresh installation of Debian, login and run:
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``` bash
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# start shell as root user
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sudo bash
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# install git - you can skip this if it's already installed
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apt-get update
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apt-get install git
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# download, link and create config file
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git clone -b openHAB https://github.com/openhab/openhabian.git /opt/openhabian
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ln -s /opt/openhabian/openhabian-setup.sh /usr/local/bin/openhabian-config
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cp /opt/openhabian/build-image/openhabian.conf /etc/openhabian.conf
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```
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Edit `/etc/openhabian.conf` to match your needs (see [first boot configuration](#first-boot-configuration)).
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To start the openHABian setup process run:
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``` bash
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openhabian-config unattended
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```
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When openHABian has installed and configured your openHAB system, you can start to use it right away.
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### Failed Installs
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If you see something like this image when you try to log in, we're sorry!
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We hoped this would never happen, please jump over to [openHABian Troubleshooting](./openhabian-troubleshooting.md) and start there for next steps.
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## Going further with openHABian
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### openHABian Configuration Tool
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The following instructions are written for a Raspberry Pi but should be applicable to all openHABian environments.
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Once connected to the command line console of your system, please execute the openHABian configuration tool by typing the following command:
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::: tip Hint
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`sudo` executes a command with elevated rights and will hence ask for your password.
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The default password is `openhabian`.
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:::
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``` bash
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sudo openhabian-config
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```
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The configuration tool is the heart and center of openHABian.
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A quick note on menu navigation:
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Use the cursor keys to navigate, <kbd>Enter</kbd> to execute, <kbd>Space</kbd> to select and <kbd>Tab</kbd> to jump to the actions on the bottom of the screen.
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Press <kbd>Esc</kbd> twice to exit the configuration tool.
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#### Settings to Adjust
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We try to setup everything for you so that you don't have to do any additional configuration if you don't want to, however there are a couple things that sometimes don't quite work so it is always good to double check them:
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- **Timezone**: Your timezone is typically set by your network, but if it appears to be the wrong time you can use menu option 33 to set it manually.
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- **Language**: By default we set the `locale` setting to `en_US.UTF8` as this tends to be the best for error messages, it can be changed using menu option 32.
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- **Passwords**: You should change the default password using menu option 34.
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##### Default Passwords
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For reference, the default username and passwords are as follows:
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- Main user (e.g. `ssh` or `sudo`): `openhabian:openhabian`
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- Samba share: `openhabian:openhabian`
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- openHAB remote console: `openhab:habopen`
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### Actually Using openHAB
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By this point, you should already have a fully functional openHAB setup running on your system.
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See [Getting Started - First Steps]({{base}}/tutorial/first_steps.html) for what to do next with openHAB.
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### First Steps with Linux
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You may be thinking that this computer is a little different than your typical desktop machine.
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That is because this machine runs on Linux, if you want more information on how to do things on a headless Linux system check out some of the resources linked below.
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- "Learn the ways of Linux-fu, for free." at [linuxjourney.com](https://linuxjourney.com)
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- "Now what?" what to do with the terminal at [linuxcommand.org](https://linuxcommand.org)
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- Raspberry Pi official documentation at [raspberrypi.org](https://raspberrypi.org)
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### Additional Optional Components
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There are a number of additional tools included with openHABian to enable additional functionality that can be installed.
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Each of these are included as a part of `openhabian-config` menu option 20.
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- [InfluxDB and Grafana](https://community.openhab.org/t/influxdb-grafana-persistence-and-graphing/13761/1) - Persistence and Graphing at [http://openhabian:3000](http://openhabian:3000)
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- [Eclipse Mosquitto](http://mosquitto.org) - Open Source MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker
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- [Node-RED](https://nodered.org) - "Flow-based programming for the Internet of Things" at [http://openhabian:1880](http://openhabian:1880)
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- [Homegear](https://www.homegear.eu/index.php/Main_Page) - Homematic control unit emulation
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- [KNXd](http://michlstechblog.info/blog/raspberry-pi-eibknx-ip-gateway-and-router-with-knxd) - KNX daemon running at `224.0.23.12:3671/UDP`
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- [OWServer](https://owfs.org) - 1-Wire system of Dallas/Maxim
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- [FIND](https://www.internalpositioning.com/) - Framework for Internal Navigation and Discovery
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- Mi Flora MQTT daemon
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## First boot configuration
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Many settings are configurable prior to the first boot of openHABian by changing the key value pairs in the `/boot/openhabian.conf` file on the SD card once you have flashed the initial image onto it.
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Please note that - in case you use a Windows system for writing the SD card - the `/boot/` partition will be mounted to a drive named `bootfs`. So, e.g. if this drive has the letter `D:`, `/boot/openhabian.conf` will be found as `D:\openhabian.conf`.
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The openHABian configuration file uses key value pairs, essentially a list of `option=value` settings in a plain text file.
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All supported options are already in the file but unused options and optional components are commented out by default.
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Comments are defined by a `#` followed by a space, so any line you want to be ignored needs to start with a `# ` (yes the space is important).
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If you don't know what an option does, probably don't change it as the default options are usually best.
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The available options combined with examples are listed below for convenience:
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### System Configuration
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#### `hostname`
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Set a custom hostname for the system.
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::: details Example
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```
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hostname="openhabian"
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```
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:::
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#### `username`
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Set a custom primary username for the system.
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::: details Example
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```
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username="openhabian"
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```
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:::
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#### `adminkeyurl`
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Download a public SSH key from a given URL and authorize the owner of the key to login as the admin user (i.e. the user configured by `username`).
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::: details Example
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```
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adminkeyurl="https://example.com/mysshkey.pub"
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```
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:::
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#### `timezone`
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Timezone to set the system to.
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Typically should be set to your current timezone following the "Region/City" general format, see the Debian documentation for more information.
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::: details Example
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```
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timezone="America/Denver"
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```
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:::
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#### `locales`
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Set the locales to install for your machine in a space separated list (i.e. the languages to install on system).
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See the Debian documentation for more information.
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::: details Example
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```
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locales="en_US.UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8"
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```
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:::
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#### `system_default_locale`
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Set the default locale for the system.
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See the Debian documentation for more information.
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::: details Example
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```
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system_default_locale="en_US.UTF-8"
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```
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:::
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#### `ipv6`
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Enable or disable IPv6 support on your system.
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::: details Example
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```
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ipv6="enable"
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```
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:::
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#### `framebuffer`
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Enable or disable the Raspberry Pi framebuffer.
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::: details Example
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```
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framebuffer="enable"
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```
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:::
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### Wi-Fi Settings
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#### `wifi_ssid`
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Just the name of your Wi-Fi network that you want to connect to.
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::: details Example
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```
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wifi_ssid="myWifiNetwork"
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```
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:::
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#### `wifi_password`
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The password for your Wi-Fi network.
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::: details Example
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```
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wifi_password="mySuperSecretPassword"
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```
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:::
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#### `wifi_country`
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The two letter country code for your current location.
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Set this according to your current location or you may risk violating regulatory restrctions.
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::: details Example
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```
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wifi_country="US"
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```
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:::
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### openHABian Settings
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#### `repositoryurl`
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The repository to clone openHABian from.
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This is typically only used by developers to test changes.
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::: details Example
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```
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repositoryurl="https://github.com/openhab/openhabian.git"
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```
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:::
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#### `clonebranch`
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The branch of the repository to use for openHABian.
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::: details Example
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```
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clonebranch="openHAB"
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```
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:::
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#### `initialconfig`
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An initial configuration file to import when setting up openHAB.
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This file must be a `.zip` archive created by `openhab-cli backup`.
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ATTENTION: keep /boot/firmware as the directory if you provide an absolute path.
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So use the existing `firmware` folder in the boot partition (Windows: on the `bootfs` drive) or create it and place the backup file named `initial.zip` in that folder.
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::: details Example
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```
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initialconfig="/boot/firmware/initial.zip"
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```
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:::
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#### `debugmode`
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Debug log level for openHABian, valid options are: `off`, `on` (verbose output in log), or `maximum` (show every command in log).
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::: details Example
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```
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debugmode="off"
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```
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:::
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#### `apttimeout`
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APT timeout to wait for lock when multiple install actions are going on.
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::: details Example
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```
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apttimeout="60"
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```
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:::
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#### `java_opt`
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Java version to install, valid options are: `17`, `Zulu21-64`, or `BellSoft21`.
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::: details Example
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```
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java_opt="17"
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```
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:::
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### Fake Hardware
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#### `hw`
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Force treating your installation as if it was a specific type of hardware.
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::: details Valid Options
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- `pi5`
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- `pi4`
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- `pi4_8gb`
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- `cm4`
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- `pi400`
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- `pi3`
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- `cm3`
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- `pi3+`
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- `cm3+`
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- `pi2`
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- `pi1`
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- `cm1`
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- `pi0`
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- `pi0w`
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- `pi0w2`
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- `x86`
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:::
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::: details Example
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```
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hw="pi5"
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```
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:::
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#### `hwarch`
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Force treating your installation as if it was a specific architecture.
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::: details Valid Options
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- `x86_64`
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- `amd64`
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- `armv6l`
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- `armv7l`
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- `aarch64`
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|
- `arm64`
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
hwarch="x86_64"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `osrelease`
|
|
|
|
Force treating your installation as if it was a specific OS release.
|
|
|
|
::: details Valid Options
|
|
- `raspios`
|
|
- `raspbian`
|
|
- `debian`
|
|
- `ubuntu`
|
|
- `stretch`
|
|
- `buster`
|
|
- `bullseye`
|
|
- `bookworm`
|
|
- `bionic`
|
|
- `focal`
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
osrelease="raspios"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
### Other Settings
|
|
|
|
#### `zraminstall`
|
|
|
|
Enable or disable ZRAM installation.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
zraminstall="enable"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `hotspot`
|
|
|
|
Enable or disable hotspot support when internet is not reachable.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
hotspot="enable"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `hotspotpw`
|
|
|
|
Password to connect to the hotspot when internet is not reachable.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
hotspotpw="openhabian"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
### Backup Settings
|
|
|
|
#### `backupdrive`
|
|
|
|
Storage device to configure for backup.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
backupdrive="/dev/sda"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `storageconfig`
|
|
|
|
Name of the backup configuration to configure for openHAB.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
storageconfig="openhab-dir"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `storagedir`
|
|
|
|
Directory to mount the storage device to.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
storagedir="/storage"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `storagetapes`
|
|
|
|
The number of Amanda storage tapes to configure for the backup.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
storagetapes="15"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `storagecapacity`
|
|
|
|
The capacity of Amanda storage tapes to configure for the backup.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
storagecapacity="1024"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
### Mail Relay Settings
|
|
|
|
#### `adminmail`
|
|
|
|
Mail account to use for the admin account.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
adminmail="john.doe@example.com"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `relayuser`
|
|
|
|
User account to use for the from address.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
relayuser="john.doe@example.com"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `relaypass`
|
|
|
|
Password to authenticate with the relay service.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
relaypass="mySuperSecretPassword"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `smarthost`
|
|
|
|
Host of the mail relay service.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
smarthost="smtp.gmail.com"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `smartport`
|
|
|
|
Port to connect to the mail relay service.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
smartport="587"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
### Tailscale Settings
|
|
|
|
#### `preauthkey`
|
|
|
|
A pre-configured key to connect to your tailscale network.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
preauthkey="tskey-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|
|
|
|
#### `tstags`
|
|
|
|
Tags for the machine corresponding to the tailscale network.
|
|
|
|
::: details Example
|
|
```
|
|
tstags="tag:client"
|
|
```
|
|
:::
|