docs-v2/content/v2.0/query-data/guides/mathematic-operations.md

title	seotitle	description	v2.0/tags	menu	weight
Transform data with mathematic operations	Transform data with mathematic operations in Flux	This guide describes how to use Flux to transform data with mathematic operations.	math flux	v2_0 name parent Transform data with math How-to guides	209

Flux, InfluxData's data scripting and query language, supports mathematic expressions in data transformations. This article describes how to use Flux arithmetic operators to "map" over data and transform values using mathematic operations.

Basic mathematic operations

// Examples executed using the Flux REPL
> 9 + 9
18
> 22 - 14
8
> 6 * 5
30
> 21 / 7
3

See Flux read-eval-print-loop (REPL).

{{% note %}}

Operands must be the same type

Operands in Flux mathematic operations must be the same data type. For example, integers cannot be used in operations with floats. Otherwise, you will get an error similar to:

Error: type error: float != int

To convert operands to the same type, use type-conversion functions or manually format operands. The operand data type determines the output data type. For example:

100 // Parsed as an integer
100.0 // Parsed as a float

// Example evaluations
> 20 / 8
2

> 20.0 / 8.0
2.5

{{% /note %}}

Custom mathematic functions

Flux lets you create custom functions that use mathematic operations. View the examples below.

Custom multiplication function

multiply = (x, y) => x * y

multiply(x: 10, y: 12)
// Returns 120

Custom percentage function

percent = (sample, total) => (sample / total) * 100.0

percent(sample: 20.0, total: 80.0)
// Returns 25.0

Transform values in a data stream

To transform multiple values in an input stream, your function needs to:

• Handle piped-forward data.
• Use the map() function to iterate over each row.

The example multiplyByX() function below includes:

• A tables parameter that represents the input data stream (<-).
• An x parameter which is the number by which values in the _value column are multiplied.
• A map() function that iterates over each row in the input stream. It uses the with operator to preserve existing columns in each row. It also multiples the _value column by x.

multiplyByX = (x, tables=<-) =>
  tables
    |> map(fn: (r) => ({
        r with
        _value: r._value * x
      })
    )

data
  |> multiplyByX(x: 10)

Examples

Convert bytes to gigabytes

To convert active memory from bytes to gigabytes (GB), divide the active field in the mem measurement by 1,073,741,824.

The map() function iterates over each row in the piped-forward data and defines a new _value by dividing the original _value by 1073741824.

from(bucket: "example-bucket")
  |> range(start: -10m)
  |> filter(fn: (r) =>
    r._measurement == "mem" and
    r._field == "active"
  )
  |> map(fn: (r) => ({
      r with
      _value: r._value / 1073741824
    })
  )

You could turn that same calculation into a function:

bytesToGB = (tables=<-) =>
  tables
    |> map(fn: (r) => ({
        r with
        _value: r._value / 1073741824
      })
    )

data
  |> bytesToGB()

Include partial gigabytes

Because the original metric (bytes) is an integer, the output of the operation is an integer and does not include partial GBs. To calculate partial GBs, convert the _value column and its values to floats using the float() function and format the denominator in the division operation as a float.

bytesToGB = (tables=<-) =>
  tables
    |> map(fn: (r) => ({
        r with
        _value: float(v: r._value) / 1073741824.0
      })
    )

Calculate a percentage

To calculate a percentage, use simple division, then multiply the result by 100.

{{% note %}} Operands in percentage calculations should always be floats. {{% /note %}}

> 1.0 / 4.0 * 100.0
25.0

User vs system CPU usage

The example below calculates the percentage of total CPU used by the user vs the system.

{{< code-tabs-wrapper >}} {{% code-tabs %}} Comments No Comments {{% /code-tabs %}}

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// Custom function that converts usage_user and
// usage_system columns to floats
usageToFloat = (tables=<-) =>
  tables
    |> map(fn: (r) => ({
      _time: r._time,
      usage_user: float(v: r.usage_user),
      usage_system: float(v: r.usage_system)
      })
    )

// Define the data source and filter user and system CPU usage
// from 'cpu-total' in the 'cpu' measurement
from(bucket: "example-bucket")
  |> range(start: -1h)
  |> filter(fn: (r) =>
    r._measurement == "cpu" and
    r._field == "usage_user" or
    r._field == "usage_system" and
    r.cpu == "cpu-total"
  )

  // Pivot the output tables so usage_user and usage_system are in each row
  |> pivot(rowKey: ["_time"], columnKey: ["_field"], valueColumn: "_value")

  // Convert usage_user and usage_system to floats
  |> usageToFloat()

  // Map over each row and calculate the percentage of
  // CPU used by the user vs the system
  |> map(fn: (r) => ({
      // Preserve existing columns in each row
      r with
      usage_user: r.usage_user / (r.usage_user + r.usage_system) * 100.0,
      usage_system: r.usage_system / (r.usage_user +  r.usage_system) * 100.0
    })
  )

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usageToFloat = (tables=<-) =>
  tables
    |> map(fn: (r) => ({
      _time: r._time,
      usage_user: float(v: r.usage_user),
      usage_system: float(v: r.usage_system)
      })
    )

from(bucket: "example-bucket")
  |> range(start: timeRangeStart, stop: timeRangeStop)
  |> filter(fn: (r) =>
    r._measurement == "cpu" and
    r._field == "usage_user" or
    r._field == "usage_system" and
    r.cpu == "cpu-total"
  )
  |> pivot(rowKey: ["_time"], columnKey: ["_field"], valueColumn: "_value")
  |> usageToFloat()
  |> map(fn: (r) => ({
      r with
      usage_user: r.usage_user / (r.usage_user + r.usage_system) * 100.0,
      usage_system: r.usage_system / (r.usage_user +  r.usage_system) * 100.0
    })
  )

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