docs-v2/content/flux/v0/stdlib/universe/stddev.md

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---
title: stddev() function
description: >
`stddev()` returns the standard deviation of non-null values in a specified column.
menu:
flux_v0_ref:
name: stddev
parent: universe
identifier: universe/stddev
weight: 101
flux/v0/tags: [transformations, aggregates]
introduced: 0.7.0
---
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`stddev()` returns the standard deviation of non-null values in a specified column.
##### Function type signature
```js
(<-tables: stream[A], ?column: string, ?mode: string) => stream[B] where A: Record, B: Record
```
{{% caption %}}
For more information, see [Function type signatures](/flux/v0/function-type-signatures/).
{{% /caption %}}
## Parameters
### column
Column to operate on. Default is `_value`.
### mode
Standard deviation mode or type of standard deviation to calculate.
Default is `sample`.
**Available modes:**
- **sample**: Calculate the sample standard deviation where the data is
considered part of a larger population.
- **population**: Calculate the population standard deviation where the
data is considered a population of its own.
### tables
Input data. Default is piped-forward data (`<-`).
## Examples
### Return the standard deviation of values in each table
```js
import "sampledata"
sampledata.int()
|> stddev()
```
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#### Input data
| _time | _value | *tag |
| -------------------- | ------- | ---- |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | -2 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z | 10 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | 7 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z | 17 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z | 15 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 4 | t1 |
| _time | _value | *tag |
| -------------------- | ------- | ---- |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 19 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z | 4 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | -3 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z | 19 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z | 13 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 1 | t2 |
#### Output data
| *tag | _value |
| ---- | ----------------- |
| t1 | 7.063993204979744 |
| *tag | _value |
| ---- | ----------------- |
| t2 | 9.474527252938094 |
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