--- title: Create a Windows HostProcess Pod content_type: task weight: 20 min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.23 --- {{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.23" state="beta" >}} Windows HostProcess containers enable you to run containerized workloads on a Windows host. These containers operate as normal processes but have access to the host network namespace, storage, and devices when given the appropriate user privileges. HostProcess containers can be used to deploy network plugins, storage configurations, device plugins, kube-proxy, and other components to Windows nodes without the need for dedicated proxies or the direct installation of host services. Administrative tasks such as installation of security patches, event log collection, and more can be performed without requiring cluster operators to log onto each Windows node. HostProcess containers can run as any user that is available on the host or is in the domain of the host machine, allowing administrators to restrict resource access through user permissions. While neither filesystem or process isolation are supported, a new volume is created on the host upon starting the container to give it a clean and consolidated workspace. HostProcess containers can also be built on top of existing Windows base images and do not inherit the same [compatibility requirements](https://docs.microsoft.com/virtualization/windowscontainers/deploy-containers/version-compatibility) as Windows server containers, meaning that the version of the base images does not need to match that of the host. It is, however, recommended that you use the same base image version as your Windows Server container workloads to ensure you do not have any unused images taking up space on the node. HostProcess containers also support [volume mounts](#volume-mounts) within the container volume. ### When should I use a Windows HostProcess container? - When you need to perform tasks which require the networking namespace of the host. HostProcess containers have access to the host's network interfaces and IP addresses. - You need access to resources on the host such as the filesystem, event logs, etc. - Installation of specific device drivers or Windows services. - Consolidation of administrative tasks and security policies. This reduces the degree of privileges needed by Windows nodes. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} This task guide is specific to Kubernetes v{{< skew currentVersion >}}. If you are not running Kubernetes v{{< skew currentVersion >}}, check the documentation for that version of Kubernetes. In Kubernetes {{< skew currentVersion >}}, the HostProcess container feature is enabled by default. The kubelet will communicate with containerd directly by passing the hostprocess flag via CRI. You can use the latest version of containerd (v1.6+) to run HostProcess containers. [How to install containerd.](/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd) To *disable* HostProcess containers you need to pass the following feature gate flag to the **kubelet** and **kube-apiserver**: ```powershell --feature-gates=WindowsHostProcessContainers=false ``` See [Features Gates](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/#overview) documentation for more details. ## Limitations These limitations are relevant for Kubernetes v{{< skew currentVersion >}}: - HostProcess containers require containerd 1.6 or higher {{< glossary_tooltip text="container runtime" term_id="container-runtime" >}}. - HostProcess pods can only contain HostProcess containers. This is a current limitation of the Windows OS; non-privileged Windows containers cannot share a vNIC with the host IP namespace. - HostProcess containers run as a process on the host and do not have any degree of isolation other than resource constraints imposed on the HostProcess user account. Neither filesystem or Hyper-V isolation are supported for HostProcess containers. - Volume mounts are supported and are mounted under the container volume. See [Volume Mounts](#volume-mounts) - A limited set of host user accounts are available for HostProcess containers by default. See [Choosing a User Account](#choosing-a-user-account). - Resource limits (disk, memory, cpu count) are supported in the same fashion as processes on the host. - Both Named pipe mounts and Unix domain sockets are **not** supported and should instead be accessed via their path on the host (e.g. \\\\.\\pipe\\\*) ## HostProcess Pod configuration requirements Enabling a Windows HostProcess pod requires setting the right configurations in the pod security configuration. Of the policies defined in the [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards) HostProcess pods are disallowed by the baseline and restricted policies. It is therefore recommended that HostProcess pods run in alignment with the privileged profile. When running under the privileged policy, here are the configurations which need to be set to enable the creation of a HostProcess pod:
Privileged policy specification
Control Policy
securityContext.windowsOptions.hostProcess

Windows pods offer the ability to run HostProcess containers which enables privileged access to the Windows node.

Allowed Values

  • true
hostNetwork

Will be in host network by default initially. Support to set network to a different compartment may be desirable in the future.

Allowed Values

  • true
securityContext.windowsOptions.runAsUsername

Specification of which user the HostProcess container should run as is required for the pod spec.

Allowed Values

  • NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
  • NT AUTHORITY\Local service
  • NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService
runAsNonRoot

Because HostProcess containers have privileged access to the host, the runAsNonRoot field cannot be set to true.

Allowed Values

  • Undefined/Nil
  • false
### Example manifest (excerpt) {#manifest-example} ```yaml spec: securityContext: windowsOptions: hostProcess: true runAsUserName: "NT AUTHORITY\\Local service" hostNetwork: true containers: - name: test image: image1:latest command: - ping - -t - 127.0.0.1 nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": windows ``` ## Volume mounts HostProcess containers support the ability to mount volumes within the container volume space. Applications running inside the container can access volume mounts directly via relative or absolute paths. An environment variable `$CONTAINER_SANDBOX_MOUNT_POINT` is set upon container creation and provides the absolute host path to the container volume. Relative paths are based upon the `.spec.containers.volumeMounts.mountPath` configuration. ### Example {#volume-mount-example} To access service account tokens the following path structures are supported within the container: `.\var\run\secrets\kubernetes.io\serviceaccount\` `$CONTAINER_SANDBOX_MOUNT_POINT\var\run\secrets\kubernetes.io\serviceaccount\` ## Resource limits Resource limits (disk, memory, cpu count) are applied to the job and are job wide. For example, with a limit of 10MB set, the memory allocated for any HostProcess job object will be capped at 10MB. This is the same behavior as other Windows container types. These limits would be specified the same way they are currently for whatever orchestrator or runtime is being used. The only difference is in the disk resource usage calculation used for resource tracking due to the difference in how HostProcess containers are bootstrapped. ## Choosing a user account HostProcess containers support the ability to run as one of three supported Windows service accounts: - **[LocalSystem](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/localsystem-account)** - **[LocalService](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/localservice-account)** - **[NetworkService](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/networkservice-account)** You should select an appropriate Windows service account for each HostProcess container, aiming to limit the degree of privileges so as to avoid accidental (or even malicious) damage to the host. The LocalSystem service account has the highest level of privilege of the three and should be used only if absolutely necessary. Where possible, use the LocalService service account as it is the least privileged of the three options. ## Troubleshooting HostProcess containers - HostProcess containers fail to start with `failed to create user process token: failed to logon user: Access is denied.: unknown` Ensure containerd is running as `LocalSystem` or `LocalService` service accounts. User accounts (even Administrator accounts) do not have permissions to create logon tokens for any of the supported [user accounts](#choosing-a-user-account).