Merge pull request #26980 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-task-install-kubectl-on-mac

[zh] translate task/Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS
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Kubernetes Prow Robot 2021-03-27 02:02:43 -07:00 committed by GitHub
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---
title: "通过 gcloud 安装 kubectl"
description: "用各个特定操作系统标签页中包含的 gcloud 指令片段安装 kubectl。"
headless: true
---
<!--
---
title: "gcloud kubectl install"
description: "How to install kubectl with gcloud snippet for inclusion in each OS-specific tab."
headless: true
---
-->
<!--
You can install kubectl as part of the Google Cloud SDK.
-->
kubectl 可以作为 Google Cloud SDK 的一部分被安装。
<!--
1. Install the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/).
1. Run the `kubectl` installation command:
-->
1. 安装 [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/)。
1. 运行安装 `kubectl` 的命令:
```shell
gcloud components install kubectl
```
<!--
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
-->
1. 验证一下,确保安装的是最新的版本:
```shell
kubectl version --client
```

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---
title: "后续内容"
description: "安装 kubectl 之后,还可以做些什么?"
headless: true
---
<!--
---
title: "What's next?"
description: "What's next after installing kubectl."
headless: true
---
-->
<!--
* [Install Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
* See the [getting started guides](/docs/setup/) for more about creating clusters.
* [Learn how to launch and expose your application.](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
* If you need access to a cluster you didn't create, see the
[Sharing Cluster Access document](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/).
* Read the [kubectl reference docs](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)
-->
* [安装 Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
* 有关创建集群的更多信息,请参阅[入门指南](/zh/docs/setup/).
* [学习如何启动并对外公开你的应用程序。](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
* 如果你需要访问其他人创建的集群,请参阅
[共享集群接入文档](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/).
* 阅读 [kubectl 参考文档](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)

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---
title: "macOS 系统上的 bash 自动补全"
description: "在 macOS 上实现 Bash 自动补全的一些可选配置。"
headless: true
---
<!--
---
title: "bash auto-completion on macOS"
description: "Some optional configuration for bash auto-completion on macOS."
headless: true
---
-->
<!--
### Introduction
-->
### 简介
<!--
The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with `kubectl completion bash`. Sourcing this script in your shell enables kubectl completion.
However, the kubectl completion script depends on [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion) which you thus have to previously install.
-->
kubectl 的 Bash 补全脚本可以通过 `kubectl completion bash` 命令生成。
在你的 shell 中导入Sourcing这个脚本即可启用补全功能。
此外kubectl 补全脚本依赖于工具 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion)
所以你必须先安装它。
{{< warning>}}
<!--
There are two versions of bash-completion, v1 and v2. V1 is for Bash 3.2 (which is the default on macOS), and v2 is for Bash 4.1+. The kubectl completion script **doesn't work** correctly with bash-completion v1 and Bash 3.2. It requires **bash-completion v2** and **Bash 4.1+**. Thus, to be able to correctly use kubectl completion on macOS, you have to install and use Bash 4.1+ ([*instructions*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba)). The following instructions assume that you use Bash 4.1+ (that is, any Bash version of 4.1 or newer).
-->
bash-completion 有两个版本v1 和 v2。v1 对应 Bash3.2(也是 macOS 的默认安装版本v2 对应 Bash 4.1+。
kubectl 的补全脚本**无法适配** bash-completion v1 和 Bash 3.2。
必须为它配备 **bash-completion v2****Bash 4.1+**
有鉴于此,为了在 macOS 上使用 kubectl 补全功能,你必须要安装和使用 Bash 4.1+
([*说明*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba))。
后续说明假定你用的是 Bash 4.1+(也就是 Bash 4.1 或更新的版本)
{{< /warning >}}
<!--
### Upgrade Bash
-->
### 升级 Bash
<!--
The instructions here assume you use Bash 4.1+. You can check your Bash's version by running:
-->
后续说明假定你已使用 Bash 4.1+。你可以运行以下命令检查 Bash 版本:
```bash
echo $BASH_VERSION
```
<!--
If it is too old, you can install/upgrade it using Homebrew:
-->
如果版本太旧,可以用 Homebrew 安装/升级:
```bash
brew install bash
```
<!--
Reload your shell and verify that the desired version is being used:
-->
重新加载 shell并验证所需的版本已经生效
```bash
echo $BASH_VERSION $SHELL
```
<!--
Homebrew usually installs it at `/usr/local/bin/bash`.
-->
Homebrew 通常把它安装为 `/usr/local/bin/bash`
<!--
### Install bash-completion
-->
### 安装 bash-completion
{{< note >}}
<!--
As mentioned, these instructions assume you use Bash 4.1+, which means you will install bash-completion v2 (in contrast to Bash 3.2 and bash-completion v1, in which case kubectl completion won't work).
-->
如前所述,本说明假定你使用的 Bash 版本为 4.1+,这意味着你要安装 bash-completion v2
(不同于 Bash 3.2 和 bash-completion v1kubectl 的补全功能在该场景下无法工作)。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
You can test if you have bash-completion v2 already installed with `type _init_completion`. If not, you can install it with Homebrew:
-->
你可以用命令 `type _init_completion` 测试 bash-completion v2 是否已经安装。
如未安装,用 Homebrew 来安装它:
```bash
brew install bash-completion@2
```
<!--
As stated in the output of this command, add the following to your `~/.bash_profile` file:
-->
如命令的输出信息所显示的,将如下内容添加到文件 `~/.bash_profile` 中:
```bash
export BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR="/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d"
[[ -r "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh" ]] && . "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh"
```
<!--
Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion v2 is correctly installed with `type _init_completion`.
-->
重新加载 shell并用命令 `type _init_completion` 验证 bash-completion v2 已经恰当的安装。
<!--
### Enable kubectl autocompletion
-->
### 启用 kubectl 自动补全功能
<!--
You now have to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all your shell sessions. There are multiple ways to achieve this:
- Source the completion script in your `~/.bash_profile` file:
-->
你现在需要确保在所有的 shell 环境中均已导入sourced kubectl 的补全脚本,
有若干种方法可以实现这一点:
- 在文件 `~/.bash_profile` 中导入Source补全脚本
```bash
echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bash_profile
```
<!--
- Add the completion script to the `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d` directory:
-->
- 将补全脚本添加到目录 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d` 中:
```bash
kubectl completion bash >/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
```
<!--
- If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
-->
- 如果你为 kubectl 定义了别名,则可以扩展 shell 补全来兼容该别名:
```bash
echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bash_profile
echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bash_profile
```
<!--
- If you installed kubectl with Homebrew (as explained [above](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)), then the kubectl completion script should already be in `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl`. In that case, you don't need to do anything.
-->
- 如果你是用 Homebrew 安装的 kubectl[如上所述](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)
那么 kubectl 补全脚本应该已经安装到目录 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl` 中了。
这种情况下,你什么都不需要做。
{{< note >}}
<!--
The Homebrew installation of bash-completion v2 sources all the files in the `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` directory, that's why the latter two methods work.
-->
用 Hommbrew 安装的 bash-completion v2 会初始化 目录 `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` 中的所有文件,这就是后两种方法能正常工作的原因。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
In any case, after reloading your shell, kubectl completion should be working.
-->
总之,重新加载 shell 之后kubectl 补全功能将立即生效。

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---
title: "zsh 自动补全"
description: "zsh 自动补全的一些可选配置"
headless: true
---
<!--
---
title: "zsh auto-completion"
description: "Some optional configuration for zsh auto-completion."
headless: true
---
-->
<!--
The kubectl completion script for Zsh can be generated with the command `kubectl completion zsh`. Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
To do so in all your shell sessions, add the following to your `~/.zshrc` file:
-->
kubectl 通过命令 `kubectl completion zsh` 生成 Zsh 自动补全脚本。
在 shell 中导入Sourcing该自动补全脚本将启动 kubectl 自动补全功能。
为了在所有的 shell 会话中实现此功能,请将下面内容加入到文件 `~/.zshrc` 中。
```zsh
source <(kubectl completion zsh)
```
<!--
If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
-->
如果你为 kubectl 定义了别名,可以扩展脚本补全,以兼容该别名。
```zsh
echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.zshrc
echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.zshrc
```
<!--
After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
If you get an error like `complete:13: command not found: compdef`, then add the following to the beginning of your `~/.zshrc` file:
-->
重新加载 shell 后kubectl 自动补全功能将立即生效。
如果你收到 `complete:13: command not found: compdef` 这样的错误提示,那请将下面内容添加到 `~/.zshrc` 文件的开头:
```zsh
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit
```

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---
title: "验证 kubectl 的安装效果"
description: "如何验证 kubectl。"
headless: true
---
<!--
---
title: "verify kubectl install"
description: "How to verify kubectl."
headless: true
---
-->
<!--
In order for kubectl to find and access a Kubernetes cluster, it needs a
[kubeconfig file](/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/),
which is created automatically when you create a cluster using
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
or successfully deploy a Minikube cluster.
By default, kubectl configuration is located at `~/.kube/config`.
Check that kubectl is properly configured by getting the cluster state:
-->
为了让 kubectl 能发现并访问 Kubernetes 集群,你需要一个
[kubeconfig 文件](/docs/zh/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/)
该文件在
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
创建集群时,或成功部署一个 Miniube 集群时,均会自动生成。
通常kubectl 的配置信息存放于文件 `~/.kube/config` 中。
通过获取集群状态的方法,检查是否已恰当的配置了 kubectl
```shell
kubectl cluster-info
```
<!--
If you see a URL response, kubectl is correctly configured to access your cluster.
If you see a message similar to the following, kubectl is not configured correctly or is not able to connect to a Kubernetes cluster.
-->
如果返回一个 URL则意味着 kubectl 成功的访问到了你的集群。
如果你看到如下所示的消息,则代表 kubectl 配置出了问题,或无法连接到 Kubernetes 集群。
```
The connection to the server <server-name:port> was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
(访问 <server-name:port> 被拒绝 - 你指定的主机和端口是否有误?)
```
<!--
For example, if you are intending to run a Kubernetes cluster on your laptop (locally), you will need a tool like Minikube to be installed first and then re-run the commands stated above.
If kubectl cluster-info returns the url response but you can't access your cluster, to check whether it is configured properly, use:
-->
例如,如果你想在自己的笔记本上(本地)运行 Kubernetes 集群,你需要先安装一个 Minikube 这样的工具,然后再重新运行上面的命令。
如果命令 `kubectl cluster-info` 返回了 url但你还不能访问集群那可以用以下命令来检查配置是否妥当
```shell
kubectl cluster-info dump
```

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---
title: 在 macOS 系统上安装和设置 kubectl
content_type: task
weight: 10
card:
name: tasks
weight: 20
title: 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl
---
<!--
---
reviewers:
- mikedanese
title: Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS
content_type: task
weight: 10
card:
name: tasks
weight: 20
title: Install kubectl on macOS
---
-->
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
<!--
You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
-->
kubectl 版本和集群之间的差异必须在一个小版本号之内。
例如v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
用最新版本的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
<!--
## Install kubectl on macOS
-->
## 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-macos}
<!--
The following methods exist for installing kubectl on macOS:
-->
在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl 有如下方法:
- [{{% heading "prerequisites" %}}](#{{% heading "prerequisites" %}})
- [在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-on-macos)
- [用 curl 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos)
- [用 Homebrew 在 macOS 系统上安装](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)
- [用 Macports 在 macOS 上安装](#install-with-macports-on-macos)
- [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分,在 macOS 上安装](#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
- [验证 kubectl 配置](#verify-kubectl-configuration)
- [可选的 kubectl 配置](#optional-kubectl-configurations)
- [启用 shell 自动补全功能](#enable-shell-autocompletion)
- [{{% heading "whatsnext" %}}](#{{% heading "whatsnext" %}})
<!--
### Install kubectl binary with curl on macOS {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos}
-->
### 用 curl 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos}
<!--
1. Download the latest release:
-->
1. 下载最新的发行版:
```bash
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
```
{{< note >}}
<!--
To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on macOS, type:
-->
如果需要下载某个指定的版本,用该指定版本号替换掉命令的这个部分:`$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。
例如:要在 macOS 系统中下载 {{< param "fullversion" >}} 版本,则输入:
```bash
curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
```
{{< /note >}}
<!--
1. Validate the binary (optional)
Download the kubectl checksum file:
-->
1. 验证可执行文件(可选操作)
下载 kubectl 的校验和文件:
```bash
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
```
<!--
Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
-->
根据校验和文件,验证 kubectl
```bash
echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | shasum -a 256 --check
```
<!--
If valid, the output is:
-->
验证通过时,输出如下:
```console
kubectl: OK
```
<!--
If the check fails, `shasum` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
-->
验证失败时,`shasum` 将以非零值退出,并打印如下输出:
```
kubectl: FAILED
shasum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
```
{{< note >}}
<!--
Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
-->
下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本要相同。
{{< /note >}}
<!--
1. Make the kubectl binary executable.
-->
1. 将 kubectl 置为可执行文件:
```bash
chmod +x ./kubectl
```
<!--
1. Move the kubectl binary to a file location on your system `PATH`.
-->
1. 将可执行文件 kubectl 移动到系统可寻址路径 `PATH` 内的一个位置:
```bash
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/kubectl
```
<!--
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
-->
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
```bash
kubectl version --client
```
<!--
### Install with Homebrew on macOS {#install-with-homebrew-on-macos}
-->
### 用 Homebrew 在 macOS 系统上安装 {#install-with-homebrew-on-macos}
<!--
If you are on macOS and using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Homebrew.
-->
如果你是 macOS 系统,且用的是 [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) 包管理工具,
则可以用 Homebrew 安装 kubectl。
<!--
1. Run the installation command:
-->
1. 运行安装命令:
```bash
brew install kubectl
```
```bash
brew install kubernetes-cli
```
<!--
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
-->
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
```bash
kubectl version --client
```
<!--
### Install with Macports on macOS {#install-with-macports-on-macos}
-->
### 用 Macports 在 macOS 上安装 {#install-with-macports-on-macos}
<!--
If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Macports.
-->
如果你用的是 macOS且用 [Macports](https://macports.org/) 包管理工具,则你可以用 Macports 安装kubectl。
<!--
1. Run the installation command:
-->
1. 运行安装命令:
```bash
sudo port selfupdate
sudo port install kubectl
```
<!--
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
-->
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
```bash
kubectl version --client
```
<!--
### Install on macOS as part of the Google Cloud SDK {#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
-->
### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分,在 macOS 上安装 {#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}
<!--
## Verify kubectl configuration {#verify-kubectl-configuration}
-->
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configuration}
{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
<!--
## Optional kubectl configurations {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
### Enable shell autocompletion {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
-->
## 可选的 kubectl 配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
<!--
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash and Zsh.
-->
kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能,这可以节省许多输入的麻烦。
下面是为 Bash 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。
{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-mac.md" />}}
{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
{{< /tabs >}}
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}