Merge pull request #26980 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-task-install-kubectl-on-mac
[zh] translate task/Install and Set Up kubectl on macOSpull/27250/head
commit
f7dc13e923
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---
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title: "通过 gcloud 安装 kubectl"
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description: "用各个特定操作系统标签页中包含的 gcloud 指令片段安装 kubectl。"
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headless: true
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---
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<!--
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---
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title: "gcloud kubectl install"
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description: "How to install kubectl with gcloud snippet for inclusion in each OS-specific tab."
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headless: true
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---
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-->
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<!--
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You can install kubectl as part of the Google Cloud SDK.
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-->
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kubectl 可以作为 Google Cloud SDK 的一部分被安装。
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<!--
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1. Install the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/).
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1. Run the `kubectl` installation command:
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-->
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1. 安装 [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/)。
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1. 运行安装 `kubectl` 的命令:
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```shell
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gcloud components install kubectl
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```
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<!--
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1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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1. 验证一下,确保安装的是最新的版本:
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```shell
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kubectl version --client
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```
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---
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title: "后续内容"
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description: "安装 kubectl 之后,还可以做些什么?"
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headless: true
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---
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<!--
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---
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title: "What's next?"
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description: "What's next after installing kubectl."
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headless: true
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---
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-->
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<!--
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* [Install Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
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* See the [getting started guides](/docs/setup/) for more about creating clusters.
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* [Learn how to launch and expose your application.](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
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* If you need access to a cluster you didn't create, see the
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[Sharing Cluster Access document](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/).
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* Read the [kubectl reference docs](/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)
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-->
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* [安装 Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/)
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* 有关创建集群的更多信息,请参阅[入门指南](/zh/docs/setup/).
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* [学习如何启动并对外公开你的应用程序。](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/)
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* 如果你需要访问其他人创建的集群,请参阅
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[共享集群接入文档](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/).
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* 阅读 [kubectl 参考文档](/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/)
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@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
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---
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title: "macOS 系统上的 bash 自动补全"
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description: "在 macOS 上实现 Bash 自动补全的一些可选配置。"
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headless: true
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---
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<!--
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---
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title: "bash auto-completion on macOS"
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description: "Some optional configuration for bash auto-completion on macOS."
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headless: true
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---
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-->
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<!--
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### Introduction
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-->
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### 简介
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<!--
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The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with `kubectl completion bash`. Sourcing this script in your shell enables kubectl completion.
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However, the kubectl completion script depends on [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion) which you thus have to previously install.
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-->
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kubectl 的 Bash 补全脚本可以通过 `kubectl completion bash` 命令生成。
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在你的 shell 中导入(Sourcing)这个脚本即可启用补全功能。
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此外,kubectl 补全脚本依赖于工具 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion),
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所以你必须先安装它。
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{{< warning>}}
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<!--
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There are two versions of bash-completion, v1 and v2. V1 is for Bash 3.2 (which is the default on macOS), and v2 is for Bash 4.1+. The kubectl completion script **doesn't work** correctly with bash-completion v1 and Bash 3.2. It requires **bash-completion v2** and **Bash 4.1+**. Thus, to be able to correctly use kubectl completion on macOS, you have to install and use Bash 4.1+ ([*instructions*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba)). The following instructions assume that you use Bash 4.1+ (that is, any Bash version of 4.1 or newer).
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-->
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bash-completion 有两个版本:v1 和 v2。v1 对应 Bash3.2(也是 macOS 的默认安装版本),v2 对应 Bash 4.1+。
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kubectl 的补全脚本**无法适配** bash-completion v1 和 Bash 3.2。
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必须为它配备 **bash-completion v2** 和 **Bash 4.1+**。
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有鉴于此,为了在 macOS 上使用 kubectl 补全功能,你必须要安装和使用 Bash 4.1+
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([*说明*](https://itnext.io/upgrading-bash-on-macos-7138bd1066ba))。
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后续说明假定你用的是 Bash 4.1+(也就是 Bash 4.1 或更新的版本)
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{{< /warning >}}
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<!--
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### Upgrade Bash
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-->
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### 升级 Bash
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<!--
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The instructions here assume you use Bash 4.1+. You can check your Bash's version by running:
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-->
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后续说明假定你已使用 Bash 4.1+。你可以运行以下命令检查 Bash 版本:
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```bash
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echo $BASH_VERSION
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```
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<!--
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If it is too old, you can install/upgrade it using Homebrew:
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-->
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如果版本太旧,可以用 Homebrew 安装/升级:
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```bash
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brew install bash
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```
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<!--
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Reload your shell and verify that the desired version is being used:
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-->
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重新加载 shell,并验证所需的版本已经生效:
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```bash
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echo $BASH_VERSION $SHELL
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```
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<!--
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Homebrew usually installs it at `/usr/local/bin/bash`.
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-->
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Homebrew 通常把它安装为 `/usr/local/bin/bash`。
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<!--
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### Install bash-completion
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-->
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### 安装 bash-completion
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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As mentioned, these instructions assume you use Bash 4.1+, which means you will install bash-completion v2 (in contrast to Bash 3.2 and bash-completion v1, in which case kubectl completion won't work).
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-->
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如前所述,本说明假定你使用的 Bash 版本为 4.1+,这意味着你要安装 bash-completion v2
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(不同于 Bash 3.2 和 bash-completion v1,kubectl 的补全功能在该场景下无法工作)。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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You can test if you have bash-completion v2 already installed with `type _init_completion`. If not, you can install it with Homebrew:
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-->
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你可以用命令 `type _init_completion` 测试 bash-completion v2 是否已经安装。
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如未安装,用 Homebrew 来安装它:
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```bash
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brew install bash-completion@2
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```
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<!--
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As stated in the output of this command, add the following to your `~/.bash_profile` file:
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-->
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如命令的输出信息所显示的,将如下内容添加到文件 `~/.bash_profile` 中:
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```bash
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export BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR="/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d"
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[[ -r "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh" ]] && . "/usr/local/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh"
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```
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<!--
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Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion v2 is correctly installed with `type _init_completion`.
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-->
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重新加载 shell,并用命令 `type _init_completion` 验证 bash-completion v2 已经恰当的安装。
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<!--
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### Enable kubectl autocompletion
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-->
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### 启用 kubectl 自动补全功能
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<!--
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You now have to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all your shell sessions. There are multiple ways to achieve this:
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- Source the completion script in your `~/.bash_profile` file:
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-->
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你现在需要确保在所有的 shell 环境中均已导入(sourced) kubectl 的补全脚本,
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有若干种方法可以实现这一点:
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- 在文件 `~/.bash_profile` 中导入(Source)补全脚本:
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```bash
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echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bash_profile
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```
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<!--
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- Add the completion script to the `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d` directory:
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-->
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- 将补全脚本添加到目录 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d` 中:
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```bash
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kubectl completion bash >/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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- If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
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-->
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- 如果你为 kubectl 定义了别名,则可以扩展 shell 补全来兼容该别名:
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```bash
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echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bash_profile
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echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bash_profile
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```
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<!--
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- If you installed kubectl with Homebrew (as explained [above](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)), then the kubectl completion script should already be in `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl`. In that case, you don't need to do anything.
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-->
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- 如果你是用 Homebrew 安装的 kubectl([如上所述](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)),
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那么 kubectl 补全脚本应该已经安装到目录 `/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl` 中了。
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这种情况下,你什么都不需要做。
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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The Homebrew installation of bash-completion v2 sources all the files in the `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` directory, that's why the latter two methods work.
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-->
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用 Hommbrew 安装的 bash-completion v2 会初始化 目录 `BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR` 中的所有文件,这就是后两种方法能正常工作的原因。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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In any case, after reloading your shell, kubectl completion should be working.
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-->
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总之,重新加载 shell 之后,kubectl 补全功能将立即生效。
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---
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title: "zsh 自动补全"
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description: "zsh 自动补全的一些可选配置"
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headless: true
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||||
---
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "zsh auto-completion"
|
||||
description: "Some optional configuration for zsh auto-completion."
|
||||
headless: true
|
||||
---
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
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The kubectl completion script for Zsh can be generated with the command `kubectl completion zsh`. Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
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To do so in all your shell sessions, add the following to your `~/.zshrc` file:
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-->
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kubectl 通过命令 `kubectl completion zsh` 生成 Zsh 自动补全脚本。
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在 shell 中导入(Sourcing)该自动补全脚本,将启动 kubectl 自动补全功能。
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为了在所有的 shell 会话中实现此功能,请将下面内容加入到文件 `~/.zshrc` 中。
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```zsh
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source <(kubectl completion zsh)
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```
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|
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<!--
|
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If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
|
||||
-->
|
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如果你为 kubectl 定义了别名,可以扩展脚本补全,以兼容该别名。
|
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```zsh
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echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.zshrc
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echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.zshrc
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```
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|
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<!--
|
||||
After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
|
||||
|
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If you get an error like `complete:13: command not found: compdef`, then add the following to the beginning of your `~/.zshrc` file:
|
||||
-->
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重新加载 shell 后,kubectl 自动补全功能将立即生效。
|
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|
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如果你收到 `complete:13: command not found: compdef` 这样的错误提示,那请将下面内容添加到 `~/.zshrc` 文件的开头:
|
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```zsh
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autoload -Uz compinit
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compinit
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```
|
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---
|
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title: "验证 kubectl 的安装效果"
|
||||
description: "如何验证 kubectl。"
|
||||
headless: true
|
||||
---
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "verify kubectl install"
|
||||
description: "How to verify kubectl."
|
||||
headless: true
|
||||
---
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
In order for kubectl to find and access a Kubernetes cluster, it needs a
|
||||
[kubeconfig file](/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/),
|
||||
which is created automatically when you create a cluster using
|
||||
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
|
||||
or successfully deploy a Minikube cluster.
|
||||
By default, kubectl configuration is located at `~/.kube/config`.
|
||||
|
||||
Check that kubectl is properly configured by getting the cluster state:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
为了让 kubectl 能发现并访问 Kubernetes 集群,你需要一个
|
||||
[kubeconfig 文件](/docs/zh/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/),
|
||||
该文件在
|
||||
[kube-up.sh](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-up.sh)
|
||||
创建集群时,或成功部署一个 Miniube 集群时,均会自动生成。
|
||||
通常,kubectl 的配置信息存放于文件 `~/.kube/config` 中。
|
||||
|
||||
通过获取集群状态的方法,检查是否已恰当的配置了 kubectl:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl cluster-info
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If you see a URL response, kubectl is correctly configured to access your cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
If you see a message similar to the following, kubectl is not configured correctly or is not able to connect to a Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果返回一个 URL,则意味着 kubectl 成功的访问到了你的集群。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你看到如下所示的消息,则代表 kubectl 配置出了问题,或无法连接到 Kubernetes 集群。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
The connection to the server <server-name:port> was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
|
||||
(访问 <server-name:port> 被拒绝 - 你指定的主机和端口是否有误?)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
For example, if you are intending to run a Kubernetes cluster on your laptop (locally), you will need a tool like Minikube to be installed first and then re-run the commands stated above.
|
||||
|
||||
If kubectl cluster-info returns the url response but you can't access your cluster, to check whether it is configured properly, use:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
例如,如果你想在自己的笔记本上(本地)运行 Kubernetes 集群,你需要先安装一个 Minikube 这样的工具,然后再重新运行上面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
如果命令 `kubectl cluster-info` 返回了 url,但你还不能访问集群,那可以用以下命令来检查配置是否妥当:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl cluster-info dump
|
||||
```
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: 在 macOS 系统上安装和设置 kubectl
|
||||
content_type: task
|
||||
weight: 10
|
||||
card:
|
||||
name: tasks
|
||||
weight: 20
|
||||
title: 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl
|
||||
---
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
---
|
||||
reviewers:
|
||||
- mikedanese
|
||||
title: Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS
|
||||
content_type: task
|
||||
weight: 10
|
||||
card:
|
||||
name: tasks
|
||||
weight: 20
|
||||
title: Install kubectl on macOS
|
||||
---
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
|
||||
For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
|
||||
Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
kubectl 版本和集群之间的差异必须在一个小版本号之内。
|
||||
例如:v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
|
||||
用最新版本的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Install kubectl on macOS
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-macos}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The following methods exist for installing kubectl on macOS:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl 有如下方法:
|
||||
|
||||
- [{{% heading "prerequisites" %}}](#{{% heading "prerequisites" %}})
|
||||
- [在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-on-macos)
|
||||
- [用 curl 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos)
|
||||
- [用 Homebrew 在 macOS 系统上安装](#install-with-homebrew-on-macos)
|
||||
- [用 Macports 在 macOS 上安装](#install-with-macports-on-macos)
|
||||
- [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分,在 macOS 上安装](#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
|
||||
- [验证 kubectl 配置](#verify-kubectl-configuration)
|
||||
- [可选的 kubectl 配置](#optional-kubectl-configurations)
|
||||
- [启用 shell 自动补全功能](#enable-shell-autocompletion)
|
||||
- [{{% heading "whatsnext" %}}](#{{% heading "whatsnext" %}})
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Install kubectl binary with curl on macOS {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 用 curl 在 macOS 系统上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-macos}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Download the latest release:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 下载最新的发行版:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{< note >}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on macOS, type:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果需要下载某个指定的版本,用该指定版本号替换掉命令的这个部分:`$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。
|
||||
例如:要在 macOS 系统中下载 {{< param "fullversion" >}} 版本,则输入:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{< /note >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Validate the binary (optional)
|
||||
|
||||
Download the kubectl checksum file:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 验证可执行文件(可选操作)
|
||||
|
||||
下载 kubectl 的校验和文件:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
根据校验和文件,验证 kubectl:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | shasum -a 256 --check
|
||||
```
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If valid, the output is:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
验证通过时,输出如下:
|
||||
|
||||
```console
|
||||
kubectl: OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If the check fails, `shasum` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
验证失败时,`shasum` 将以非零值退出,并打印如下输出:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl: FAILED
|
||||
shasum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{< note >}}
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本要相同。
|
||||
{{< /note >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Make the kubectl binary executable.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 将 kubectl 置为可执行文件:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chmod +x ./kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Move the kubectl binary to a file location on your system `PATH`.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 将可执行文件 kubectl 移动到系统可寻址路径 `PATH` 内的一个位置:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
|
||||
sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl version --client
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Install with Homebrew on macOS {#install-with-homebrew-on-macos}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 用 Homebrew 在 macOS 系统上安装 {#install-with-homebrew-on-macos}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If you are on macOS and using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Homebrew.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果你是 macOS 系统,且用的是 [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) 包管理工具,
|
||||
则可以用 Homebrew 安装 kubectl。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Run the installation command:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 运行安装命令:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
brew install kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
brew install kubernetes-cli
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl version --client
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Install with Macports on macOS {#install-with-macports-on-macos}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 用 Macports 在 macOS 上安装 {#install-with-macports-on-macos}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If you are on macOS and using [Macports](https://macports.org/) package manager, you can install kubectl with Macports.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果你用的是 macOS,且用 [Macports](https://macports.org/) 包管理工具,则你可以用 Macports 安装kubectl。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Run the installation command:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 运行安装命令:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo port selfupdate
|
||||
sudo port install kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 测试一下,确保你安装的是最新的版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl version --client
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Install on macOS as part of the Google Cloud SDK {#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分,在 macOS 上安装 {#install-on-macos-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
|
||||
|
||||
{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Verify kubectl configuration {#verify-kubectl-configuration}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Optional kubectl configurations {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
|
||||
|
||||
### Enable shell autocompletion {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 可选的 kubectl 配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
|
||||
|
||||
### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
|
||||
|
||||
Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash and Zsh.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能,这可以节省许多输入的麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是为 Bash 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
|
||||
{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-mac.md" />}}
|
||||
{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
|
||||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||||
|
||||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||||
|
||||
{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue