Merge pull request #40696 from my-git9/blog10

[zh-cn]sync blog: 2023-04-21-node-log-query-alpha.md

content/zh-cn/blog/_posts/2023-04-21-node-log-query-alpha.md

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+---
+layout: blog
+title: "Kubernetes 1.27: 使用 Kubelet API 查询节点日志"
+date: 2023-04-21
+slug: node-log-query-alpha
+---
+
+<!--
+layout: blog
+title: "Kubernetes 1.27: Query Node Logs Using The Kubelet API"
+date: 2023-04-21
+slug: node-log-query-alpha
+-->
+
+<!--
+**Author:** Aravindh Puthiyaparambil (Red Hat)
+-->
+**作者：** Aravindh Puthiyaparambil (Red Hat)
+
+**译者：** Xin Li (DaoCloud)
+
+<!--
+Kubernetes 1.27 introduced a new feature called _Node log query_ that allows
+viewing logs of services running on the node.
+-->
+Kubernetes 1.27 引入了一个名为**节点日志查询**的新功能，
+可以查看节点上运行的服务的日志。
+
+<!--
+## What problem does it solve?
+Cluster administrators face issues when debugging malfunctioning services
+running on the node. They usually have to SSH or RDP into the node to view the
+logs of the service to debug the issue. The _Node log query_ feature helps with
+this scenario by allowing the cluster administrator to view the logs using
+_kubectl_. This is especially useful with Windows nodes where you run into the
+issue of the node going to the ready state but containers not coming up due to
+CNI misconfigurations and other issues that are not easily identifiable by
+looking at the Pod status.
+-->
+## 它解决了什么问题？
+
+集群管理员在调试节点上运行的表现不正常的服务时会遇到问题。
+他们通常必须通过 SSH 或 RDP 进入节点以查看服务日志以调试问题。
+**节点日志查询**功能通过允许集群管理员使用 **kubectl**
+查看日志的方式来帮助解决这种情况。这对于 Windows 节点特别有用，
+在 Windows 节点中，你会遇到节点进入就绪状态但由于 CNI
+错误配置和其他不易通过查看 Pod 状态来辨别的问题而导致容器无法启动的情况。
+
+<!--
+## How does it work?
+
+The kubelet already has a _/var/log/_ viewer that is accessible via the node
+proxy endpoint. The feature supplements this endpoint with a shim that shells
+out to `journalctl`, on Linux nodes, and the `Get-WinEvent` cmdlet on Windows
+nodes. It then uses the existing filters provided by the commands to allow
+filtering the logs. The kubelet also uses heuristics to retrieve the logs.
+If the user is not aware if a given system services logs to a file or to the
+native system logger, the heuristics first checks the native operating system
+logger and if that is not available it attempts to retrieve the first logs
+from `/var/log/<servicename>` or `/var/log/<servicename>.log` or
+`/var/log/<servicename>/<servicename>.log`.
+-->
+## 它是如何工作的？
+
+kubelet 已经有一个 **/var/log/** 查看器，可以通过节点代理端点访问。
+本功能特性通过一个隔离层对这个端点进行增强，在 Linux 节点上通过
+`journalctl` Shell 调用获得日志，在 Windows 节点上通过 `Get-WinEvent` CmdLet 获取日志。
+然后它使用命令提供的过滤器来过滤日志。kubelet 还使用启发式方法来检索日志。
+如果用户不知道给定的系统服务是记录到文件还是本机系统记录器，
+启发式方法首先检查本机操作系统记录器，如果不可用，它会尝试先从 `/var/log/<servicename>`
+或 `/var/log/<servicename>.log` 或 `/var/log/<servicename>/<servicename>.log` 检索日志。
+
+
+<!--
+On Linux we assume that service logs are available via journald, and that
+`journalctl` is installed. On Windows we assume that service logs are available
+in the application log provider. Also note that fetching node logs is only
+available if you are authorized to do so (in RBAC, that's **get** and
+**create** access to `nodes/proxy`). The privileges that you need to fetch node
+logs also allow elevation-of-privilege attacks, so be careful about how you
+manage them.
+-->
+在 Linux 上，我们假设服务日志可通过 journald 获得，
+并且安装了 `journalctl`。 在 Windows 上，我们假设服务日志在应用程序日志提供程序中可用。
+另请注意，只有在你被授权的情况下才能获取节点日志（在 RBAC 中，
+这是对 `nodes/proxy` 的 **get** 和 **create** 访问）。
+获取节点日志所需的特权也允许特权提升攻击（elevation-of-privilege），
+因此请谨慎管理它们。
+
+<!--
+## How do I use it?
+
+To use the feature, ensure that the `NodeLogQuery`
+[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) is
+enabled for that node, and that the kubelet configuration options
+`enableSystemLogHandler` and `enableSystemLogQuery` are both set to true. You can
+then query the logs from all your nodes or just a subset. Here is an example to
+retrieve the kubelet service logs from a node:
+-->
+## 该如何使用它
+
+要使用该功能，请确保为该节点启用了 `NodeLogQuery`
+[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)，
+并且 kubelet 配置选项 `enableSystemLogHandler` 和 `enableSystemLogQuery` 都设置为 true。
+然后，你可以查询所有节点或部分节点的日志。下面是一个从节点检索 kubelet 服务日志的示例：
+
+```shell
+# Fetch kubelet logs from a node named node-1.example
+kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/node-1.example/proxy/logs/?query=kubelet"
+```
+
+<!--
+You can further filter the query to narrow down the results:
+-->
+你可以进一步过滤查询以缩小结果范围：
+
+```shell
+# Fetch kubelet logs from a node named node-1.example that have the word "error"
+kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/node-1.example/proxy/logs/?query=kubelet&pattern=error"
+```
+
+<!--
+You can also fetch files from `/var/log/` on a Linux node:
+-->
+你还可以从 Linux 节点上的 `/var/log/` 获取文件：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<insert-node-name-here>/proxy/logs/?query=/<insert-log-file-name-here>"
+```
+
+<!--
+You can read the
+[documentation](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/system-logs/#log-query)
+for all the available options.
+-->
+你可以阅读[文档](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/system-logs/#log-query)获取所有可用选项。
+
+<!--
+## How do I help?
+
+Please use the feature and provide feedback by opening GitHub issues or
+reaching out to us on the
+[#sig-windows](https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/C0SJ4AFB7) channel on the
+Kubernetes Slack or the SIG Windows
+[mailing list](https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-sig-windows).
+-->
+## 如何提供帮助
+
+请使用该功能并通过在 GitHub 上登记问题或通过 Kubernetes Slack
+的 [#sig-windows](https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/C0SJ4AFB7) 频道
+或 SIG Windows [邮件列表](https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-sig-windows)
+联系我们来提供反馈。