Changes all API object references to PascalCase (e.g Stateful Set
becomes StatefulSet)reviewable/pr1803/r2
Kenneth Owens
parent
ad59c9f827
commit
eead3799b9
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@ -53,5 +53,5 @@ toc:
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path: /docs/tutorials/stateless-application/expose-external-ip-address/
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title: Stateful Applications
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section:
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- title: Stateful Set Basics
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- title: StatefulSet Basics
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path: /docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set/
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The Tutorials section of the Kubernetes documentation is a work in progress.
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#### Stateful Applications
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* [Stateful Set Basics](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set/)
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* [StatefulSet Basics](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set/)
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### What's next
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@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ assignees:
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{% capture overview %}
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This tutorial provides an introduction to the
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[Stateful Set](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md) concept. It
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[StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md) concept. It
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demonstrates how to create, delete, scale, and update the container image of a
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Stateful Set.
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StatefulSet.
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{% endcapture %}
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{% capture prerequisites %}
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@ -23,48 +23,48 @@ following Kubernetes concepts.
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* [Pods](/docs/user-guide/pods/single-container/)
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* [Cluster DNS](/docs/admin/dns/)
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* [Headless Services](/docs/user-guide/services/#headless-services)
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* [Persistent Volumes](/docs/user-guide/volumes/)
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* [Persistent Volume Provisioning](http://releases.k8s.io/{{page.githubbranch}}/examples/experimental/persistent-volume-provisioning/)
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* [Stateful Sets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md)
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* [PersistentVolumes](/docs/user-guide/volumes/)
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* [PersistentVolume Provisioning](http://releases.k8s.io/{{page.githubbranch}}/examples/experimental/persistent-volume-provisioning/)
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* [StatefulSets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md)
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* [kubeclt CLI](/docs/user-guide/kubectl)
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This tutorial assumes that your cluster is configured to dynamically provision
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and Persistent Volumes. If your cluster is not configured to do so, you
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and PersistentVolumes. If your cluster is not configured to do so, you
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will have to manually provision five 1 GiB volumes prior to starting this
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tutorial.
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{% endcapture %}
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{% capture objectives %}
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Stateful Sets are intended to be used with stateful applications and distributed
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StatefulSets are intended to be used with stateful applications and distributed
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systems. However, the administration of stateful applications and
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distributed systems on Kubernetes is a broad, complex topic. In order to
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demonstrate the basic features of a Stateful Set, and to not conflate the former
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demonstrate the basic features of a StatefulSet, and to not conflate the former
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topic with the latter, a simple web application will be used as a running
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example throughout this tutorial.
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After this tutorial, you will be familiar with the following.
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* How to create a Stateful Set
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* How a Stateful Set manages its Pods
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* How to delete a Stateful Set
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* How to scale a Stateful Set
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* How to update the container image of a Stateful Set's Pods
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* How to create a StatefulSet
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* How a StatefulSet manages its Pods
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* How to delete a StatefulSet
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* How to scale a StatefulSet
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* How to update the container image of a StatefulSet's Pods
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{% endcapture %}
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{% capture lessoncontent %}
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### Creating a Stateful Set
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### Creating a StatefulSet
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Begin by creating a Stateful Set using the example below. It is similar to the
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Begin by creating a StatefulSet using the example below. It is similar to the
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example presented in the
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[Stateful Sets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md) concept. It creates
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[StatefulSets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md) concept. It creates
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a [Headless Service](/docs/user-guide/services/#headless-services), `nginx`, to
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control the domain of the Stateful Set, `web`.
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control the domain of the StatefulSet, `web`.
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{% include code.html language="yaml" file="web.yaml" ghlink="/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/web.yaml" %}
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You will need to use two terminal windows. In the first terminal, use
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[`kubectl get`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_get/) to watch the creation
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of the Stateful Set's Pods.
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of the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ $ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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In the second terminal, use
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[`kubeclt create`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_create/) to create the
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Headless Service and Stateful Set defined in `web.yaml`.
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Headless Service and StatefulSet defined in `web.yaml`.
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```shell
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$ kubectl create -f web.yml
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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ statefulset "web" created
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The command above creates two Pods, each running a
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[NGINX](https://www.nginx.com) webserver. Get the `nginx` Service and the
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`web` Stateful Set to verify that they were created successfully.
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`web` StatefulSet to verify that they were created successfully.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get service nginx
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ web 2 1 20s
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#### Ordered Pod Creation
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For a Stateful Set with N replicas, when Pods are being deployed, they are
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For a StatefulSet with N replicas, when Pods are being deployed, they are
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created sequentially, in order from {0..N-1}. Examine the output of the
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`kubectl get` command in the first terminal. Eventually, the output will
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look like the example below.
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@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ Notice that the `web-0` Pod is launched and set to Pending prior to
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launching `web-1`. In fact, `web-1` is not launched until `web-0` is
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[Running and Ready](/docs/user-guide/pod-states).
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### Pods in a Stateful Set
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### Pods in a StatefulSet
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#### Ordinal Index
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Get the Stateful Set's Pods.
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Get the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
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@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ web-1 1/1 Running 0 1m
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```
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As mentioned in the [Stateful Sets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md)
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concept, the Pods in a Stateful Set have a sticky, unique identity. This identity
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As mentioned in the [StatefulSets](/docs/concepts/controllers/statefulsets.md)
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concept, the Pods in a StatefulSet have a sticky, unique identity. This identity
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is based on a unique ordinal index that is assigned to each Pod by the Stateful
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Set controller. The Pods names take the form
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`$(statefulset name)-$(ordinal index)`. Since the `web` Stateful Set has two
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`$(statefulset name)-$(ordinal index)`. Since the `web` StatefulSet has two
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replicas, it creates two Pods, `web-0` and `web-1`.
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#### Stable Network Identity
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@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ The CNAME of the headless serivce points to SRV records (one for each Pod that
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is Running and Ready). The SRV records point to A record entries that
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contain the Pods' IP addresses.
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In one terminal, watch the Stateful Set's Pods.
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In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pod -w -l app=nginx
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```
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In a second terminal, use
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[`kubectl delete`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_delete/) to delete all
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the Pods in the Stateful Set.
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the Pods in the StatefulSet.
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```shell
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$ kubectl delete pod -l app=nginx
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@ -233,23 +233,23 @@ Address 1: 10.244.2.8
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The Pods' ordinals, hostnames, SRV records, and A record names have not changed,
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but the IP addresses associated with the Pods may have changed. In the cluster
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used for this tutorial, they have. This is why it is important not to configure
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other applications to connect to Pods in a Stateful Set by IP address.
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other applications to connect to Pods in a StatefulSet by IP address.
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If you need to find and connect to the active members of a Stateful Set, you
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If you need to find and connect to the active members of a StatefulSet, you
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should query the CNAME of the Headless Service
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(e.g. `nginx.default.svc.cluster.local`). The SRV records associated with the
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CNAME will contain only the Pods in the Stateful Set that are Running and
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CNAME will contain only the Pods in the StatefulSet that are Running and
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Ready.
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Alternatively, if you only need a predefined set of addresses, for instance if
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your application already implements connection logic that tests for
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liveness and readiness, you should use the SRV records of the Pods in the
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Stateful Set (e.g `web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local`,
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StatefulSet (e.g `web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local`,
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`web-1.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local`).
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#### Stable Storage
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Get the Persistent Volume Claims for `web-0` and `web-1`.
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Get the PersistentVolumeClaims for `web-0` and `web-1`.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pvc -l app=nginx
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@ -257,15 +257,15 @@ NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCE
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www-web-0 Bound pvc-15c268c7-b507-11e6-932f-42010a800002 1Gi RWO 48s
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www-web-1 Bound pvc-15c79307-b507-11e6-932f-42010a800002 1Gi RWO 48s
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```
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The Stateful Set controller created two Persistent Volume Claims that are
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bound to two [Persistent Volume](/docs/user-guide/volumes/). As the cluster used
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in this tutorial is configured to dynamically provision Persistent Volumes, the
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Persistent Volumes were created and bound automatically.
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The StatefulSet controller created two PersistentVolumeClaims that are
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bound to two [PersistentVolume](/docs/user-guide/volumes/). As the cluster used
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in this tutorial is configured to dynamically provision PersistentVolumes, the
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PersistentVolumes were created and bound automatically.
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The containers NGINX webservers, by default, will serve an index file at
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`/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html`. The `volumeMounts` field in the
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Stateful Sets `spec` ensures that the `/usr/share/nginx/html` directory is
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backed by a Persistent Volume.
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StatefulSets `spec` ensures that the `/usr/share/nginx/html` directory is
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backed by a PersistentVolume.
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Write the Pods' hostnames to their `index.html` files and verify that the NGINX
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webservers serve the hostnames.
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@ -278,13 +278,13 @@ web-0
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web-1
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```
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In one terminal, watch the Stateful Set's Pods.
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In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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kubectl get pod -w -l app=nginx
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```
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In a second terminal, delete all of the Stateful Set's Pods.
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In a second terminal, delete all of the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl delete pod -l app=nginx
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@ -315,14 +315,14 @@ web-1
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```
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Event though `web-0` and `web-1` were rescheduled, they continue to serve their
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hostnames because the Persistent Volumes associated with their Persistent
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hostnames because the PersistentVolumes associated with their Persistent
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Volume Claims are remounted to their `volumeMount`s. No matter what node `web-0`
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and `web-1` are scheduled on, their Persistent Volumes will be mounted to the
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and `web-1` are scheduled on, their PersistentVolumes will be mounted to the
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appropriate mount points.
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### Scaling a Stateful Set
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When we refer to scaling a Stateful Set, we mean increasing or decreasing the
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number of replicas in the Stateful Set. This is accomplished by by updating
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### Scaling a StatefulSet
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When we refer to scaling a StatefulSet, we mean increasing or decreasing the
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number of replicas in the StatefulSet. This is accomplished by by updating
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the `replicas` field. You can use either
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[`kubectl scale`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_scale/) or
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[`kubectl patch`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_patch/) to scale a Stateful
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@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Set.
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#### Scaling Up
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In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the Stateful Set.
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In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the StatefulSet.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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@ -367,21 +367,21 @@ web-4 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
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web-4 1/1 Running 0 19s
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```
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The Stateful Set controller scaled the number of replicas. As with
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[Stateful Set creation](#ordered-pod-creation), the Stateful Set controller
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The StatefulSet controller scaled the number of replicas. As with
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[StatefulSet creation](#ordered-pod-creation), the StatefulSet controller
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created each Pod sequentially with respect to its ordinal index, and it
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waited for each Pod's predecessor to be Running and Ready before launching the
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subsequent Pod.
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#### Scaling Down
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In one terminal, watch the Stateful Set's Pods.
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In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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```
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In another terminal, use `kubectl patch` to scale the Stateful Set back down to
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In another terminal, use `kubectl patch` to scale the StatefulSet back down to
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3 replicas.
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```shell
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@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ in reverse order, and it waited for each to be completely shutdown
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(past its [terminationGracePeriodSeconds](/docs/user-guide/pods/index#termination-of-pods))
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before deleting the next.
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Get the Stateful Sets Persistent Volume Claims.
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Get the StatefulSets PersistentVolumeClaims.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pvc -l app=nginx
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@ -427,21 +427,21 @@ www-web-4 Bound pvc-e11bb5f8-b508-11e6-932f-42010a800002 1Gi RWO
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```
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There are still five Persistent Volume Claims and five Persistent Volumes.
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There are still five PersistentVolumeClaims and five PersistentVolumes.
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When exploring a Pod's [stable storage](#stable-storage), we saw that the
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Persistent Volumes mounted to the Pods of a Stateful Set are not deleted when
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the Stateful Set's Pods are deleted. This is still true when Pod deletion is
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caused by scaling the Stateful Set down. This feature can be used to facilitate
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upgrading the container images of Pods in a Stateful Set.
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PersistentVolumes mounted to the Pods of a StatefulSet are not deleted when
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the StatefulSet's Pods are deleted. This is still true when Pod deletion is
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caused by scaling the StatefulSet down. This feature can be used to facilitate
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upgrading the container images of Pods in a StatefulSet.
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### Upgrading Container Images
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Stateful Set currently *does not* support automated image upgrade. However, you
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StatefulSet currently *does not* support automated image upgrade. However, you
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can update the `image` field of any container in the podTemplate and delete
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Stateful Set's Pods one by one, the Stateful Set controller will recreate
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StatefulSet's Pods one by one, the StatefulSet controller will recreate
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each Pod with the new image.
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Patch the container image for the `web` Stateful Set.
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Patch the container image for the `web` StatefulSet.
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```shell
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$ kubectl patch statefulset web --type='json' -p='[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image", "value":"gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.7"}]'
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@ -521,26 +521,26 @@ gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.7
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gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.7
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{% endraw %}```
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All the Pods in the Stateful Set are now running a new container image.
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All the Pods in the StatefulSet are now running a new container image.
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### Deleting Stateful Sets
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### Deleting StatefulSets
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Stateful Set supports both Non-Cascading and Cascading deletion. In a
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Non-Cascading Delete, the Stateful Set's Pods are not deleted when the Stateful
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Set is deleted. In a Cascading Delete, both the Stateful Set and its Pods are
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StatefulSet supports both Non-Cascading and Cascading deletion. In a
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Non-Cascading Delete, the StatefulSet's Pods are not deleted when the Stateful
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Set is deleted. In a Cascading Delete, both the StatefulSet and its Pods are
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deleted.
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#### Non-Cascading Delete
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In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the Stateful Set.
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In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the StatefulSet.
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```
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$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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```
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Use [`kubectl delete`](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/kubectl_delete/) to delete the
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Stateful Set. Make sure to supply the `--cascade=false` parameter to the
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command. This parameter tells Kubernetes to only delete the Stateful Set, and to
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StatefulSet. Make sure to supply the `--cascade=false` parameter to the
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command. This parameter tells Kubernetes to only delete the StatefulSet, and to
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not delete any of its Pods.
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```shell
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@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ $ kubectl delete pod web-0
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pod "web-0" deleted
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```
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Get the Stateful Set's Pods.
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Get the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```shell
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$ kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
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@ -575,15 +575,15 @@ web-1 1/1 Running 0 10m
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web-2 1/1 Running 0 7m
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```
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As the `web` Stateful Set has been deleted, `web-0` has not been relaunched.
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As the `web` StatefulSet has been deleted, `web-0` has not been relaunched.
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In one terminal, watch the Stateful Set's Pods.
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In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods.
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```
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$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
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```
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In a second terminal, recreate the Stateful Set. Note that, unless
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In a second terminal, recreate the StatefulSet. Note that, unless
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you deleted the `nginx` Service ( which you should not have ), you will see
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an error indicating that the Service already exists.
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@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ web-2 0/1 Terminating 0 3m
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web-2 0/1 Terminating 0 3m
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```
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When the `web` Stateful Set was recreated, it first relaunched `web-0`.
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When the `web` StatefulSet was recreated, it first relaunched `web-0`.
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Since `web-1` was already Running and Ready, when `web-0` transitioned to
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Running and Ready, it simply adopted this Pod. Since we recreated the Stateful
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||||
Set with `replicas` equal to 2, once `web-0` had been recreated, and once
|
||||
|
|
@ -630,21 +630,21 @@ web-0
|
|||
web-1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Even though we deleted both the Stateful Set and the `web-0` Pod, it still
|
||||
Even though we deleted both the StatefulSet and the `web-0` Pod, it still
|
||||
serves the hostname originally entered into its `index.html` file. This is
|
||||
because the Stateful Set never deletes the Persistent Volumes associated with a
|
||||
Pod. When you recreated the Stateful Set and it relaunched `web-0`, its original
|
||||
Persistent Volume was remounted.
|
||||
because the StatefulSet never deletes the PersistentVolumes associated with a
|
||||
Pod. When you recreated the StatefulSet and it relaunched `web-0`, its original
|
||||
PersistentVolume was remounted.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Cascading Delete
|
||||
|
||||
In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the Stateful Set.
|
||||
In one terminal window, watch the Pods in the StatefulSet.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In another terminal, delete the Stateful Set again. This time, omit the
|
||||
In another terminal, delete the StatefulSet again. This time, omit the
|
||||
`--cascade=false` parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
|
|
@ -673,11 +673,11 @@ web-1 0/1 Terminating 0 29m
|
|||
|
||||
As we saw in the [Scaling Down](#ordered-pod-termination) section, the Pods
|
||||
are terminated one at a time, with respect to the reverse order of their ordinal
|
||||
indices, and, before terminating a Pod, the Stateful Set controller waits for
|
||||
indices, and, before terminating a Pod, the StatefulSet controller waits for
|
||||
the Pod's successor to be completely terminated.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that, while a cascading delete will delete the Stateful Set and its Pods,
|
||||
it will not delete the Headless Service associated with the Stateful Set. You
|
||||
Note that, while a cascading delete will delete the StatefulSet and its Pods,
|
||||
it will not delete the Headless Service associated with the StatefulSet. You
|
||||
must delete the `nginx` Service manually.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
|
|
@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ $ kubectl delete service nginx
|
|||
service "nginx" deleted
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Recreate the Stateful Set and Headless Service one more time.
|
||||
Recreate the StatefulSet and Headless Service one more time.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
kubectl create -f web.yaml
|
||||
|
|
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ service "nginx" created
|
|||
statefulset "web" created
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When all of the Stateful Set's Pods transition to Running and Ready, retrieve
|
||||
When all of the StatefulSet's Pods transition to Running and Ready, retrieve
|
||||
thecontents of their `index.html` files.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
|
|
@ -702,11 +702,11 @@ web-0
|
|||
web-1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Even though you completely deleted the Stateful Set, and all of its Pods, the
|
||||
Pods are recreated with their Persistent Volumes mounted, and `web-0` and
|
||||
Even though you completely deleted the StatefulSet, and all of its Pods, the
|
||||
Pods are recreated with their PersistentVolumes mounted, and `web-0` and
|
||||
`web-1` will still serve their hostnames.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally delete the `web` Stateful Set and the `nginx` service.
|
||||
Finally delete the `web` StatefulSet and the `nginx` service.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ kubectl delete service nginx
|
||||
|
|
@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ statefulset "web" deleted
|
|||
{% capture cleanup %}
|
||||
Whether your cluster was configured to use dynamic provisioning or you used
|
||||
manually provisioned volumes, you will need to manually delete the five 1 GiB
|
||||
Persistent Volumes that were provisioned for this tutorial.
|
||||
PersistentVolumes that were provisioned for this tutorial.
|
||||
{% endcapture %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% include templates/tutorial.md %}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue