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Merge pull request #26939 from Iceber/update-access-cluster-api 

[zh] update access-cluster-api.md
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Kubernetes Prow Robot 2021-03-12 01:54:18 -08:00 committed by GitHub
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@ -251,11 +251,12 @@ Kubernetes 官方支持 [Go](#go-client)、[Python](#python-client)、[Java](#ja
#### Go 客户端 {#go-client}
<!--
* To get the library, run the following command: `go get k8s.io/client-go/<version number>/kubernetes` See [https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go) to see which versions are supported.
* Write an application atop of the client-go clients.-->
* To get the library, run the following command: `go get k8s.io/client-go@kubernetes-<kubernetes-version-number>` See [https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/releases](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/releases) to see which versions are supported.
* Write an application atop of the client-go clients.
-->
* 要获取库，运行下列命令：`go get k8s.io/client-go/<版本号>/kubernetes`，
参见 [https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go) 查看受支持的版本。
* 要获取库，运行下列命令：`go get k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes-<kubernetes 版本号>`，
参见 [https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/releases](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/releases) 查看受支持的版本。
* 基于 client-go 客户端编写应用程序。
<!--
@ -339,9 +340,9 @@ for i in ret.items:
#### Java 客户端 {#java-client}
<!--
* To install the [Java Client](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/java), simply execute :
To install the [Java Client](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/java), run:
-->
* 要安装 [Java 客户端](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/java)，只需执行：
要安装 [Java 客户端](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/java)，运行：
```shell
# 克隆 Java 库
@ -522,168 +523,8 @@ exampleWithKubeConfig = do
>>= print
```
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
<!--
### Accessing the API from within a Pod
When accessing the API from within a Pod, locating and authenticating
to the API server are slightly different to the external client case described above.
* [Accessing the Kubernetes API from a Pod](/docs/tasks/run-application/access-api-from-pod/)
-->
### 从 Pod 中访问 API
从 Pod 内部访问 API 时，定位 API 服务器和向服务器认证身份的操作
与上面描述的外部客户场景不同。
<!--
The easiest way to use the Kubernetes API from a Pod is to use
one of the official [client libraries](/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/). These
libraries can automatically discover the API server and authenticate.
-->
从 Pod 使用 Kubernetes API 的最简单的方法就是使用官方的
[客户端库](/zh/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/)。
这些库可以自动发现 API 服务器并进行身份验证。
<!--
#### Using Official Client Libraries
From within a Pod, the recommended ways to connect to the Kubernetes API are:
- For a Go client, use the official [Go client library](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/).
The `rest.InClusterConfig()` function handles API host discovery and authentication automatically.
See [an example here](https://git.k8s.io/client-go/examples/in-cluster-client-configuration/main.go).
- For a Python client, use the official [Python client library](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/python/).
The `config.load_incluster_config()` function handles API host discovery and authentication automatically.
See [an example here](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/python/blob/master/examples/in_cluster_config.py).
- There are a number of other libraries available, please refer to the [Client Libraries](/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/) page.
In each case, the service account credentials of the Pod are used to communicate
securely with the API server.
-->
#### 使用官方客户端库
从一个 Pod 内部连接到 Kubernetes API 的推荐方式为：
- 对于 Go 语言客户端，使用官方的 [Go 客户端库](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/)。
函数 `rest.InClusterConfig()` 自动处理 API 主机发现和身份认证。
参见[这里的一个例子](https://git.k8s.io/client-go/examples/in-cluster-client-configuration/main.go)。
- 对于 Python 客户端，使用官方的 [Python 客户端库](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/python/)。
函数 `config.load_incluster_config()` 自动处理 API 主机的发现和身份认证。
参见[这里的一个例子](https://github.com/kubernetes-client/python/blob/master/examples/in_cluster_config.py)。
- 还有一些其他可用的客户端库，请参阅[客户端库](/zh/docs/reference/using-api/client-libraries/)页面。
在以上场景中，客户端库都使用 Pod 的服务账号凭据来与 API 服务器安全地通信。
<!--
#### Directly accessing the REST API
While running in a Pod, the Kubernetes apiserver is accessible via a Service named
`kubernetes` in the `default` namespace. Therefore, Pods can use the
`kubernetes.default.svc` hostname to query the API server. Official client libraries
do this automatically.
-->
#### 直接访问 REST API
在运行在 Pod 中时，可以通过 `default` 命名空间中的名为 `kubernetes` 的服务访问
Kubernetes API 服务器。也就是说，Pod 可以使用 `kubernetes.default.svc` 主机名
来查询 API 服务器。官方客户端库自动完成这个工作。
<!--
The recommended way to authenticate to the API server is with a
[service account](/docs/user-guide/service-accounts) credential. By default, a Pod
is associated with a service account, and a credential (token) for that
service account is placed into the filesystem tree of each container in that Pod,
at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`.
-->
向 API 服务器进行身份认证的推荐做法是使用
[服务账号](/zh/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)凭据。
默认情况下，每个 Pod 与一个服务账号关联，该服务账户的凭证（令牌）放置在此 Pod 中
每个容器的文件系统树中的 `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token` 处。
<!--
If available, a certificate bundle is placed into the filesystem tree of each
container at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt`, and should be
used to verify the serving certificate of the API server.
-->
如果由证书包可用，则凭证包被放入每个容器的文件系统树中的
`/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt` 处，
且将被用于验证 API 服务器的服务证书。
<!--
Finally, the default namespace to be used for namespaced API operations is placed in a file
at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace` in each container.
-->
最后，用于命名空间域 API 操作的默认命名空间放置在每个容器中的
`/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace` 文件中。
<!--
#### Using kubectl proxy
If you would like to query the API without an official client library, you can run `kubectl proxy`
as the [command](/docs/tasks/inject-data-application/define-command-argument-container/)
of a new sidecar container in the Pod. This way, `kubectl proxy` will authenticate
to the API and expose it on the `localhost` interface of the Pod, so that other containers
in the Pod can use it directly.
-->
#### 使用 kubectl proxy {#use-kubectl-proxy}
如果你希望不实用官方客户端库就完成 API 查询，可以将 `kubectl proxy` 作为
[command](/zh/docs/tasks/inject-data-application/define-command-argument-container/)
在 Pod 启动一个边车（Sidecar）容器。这样，`kubectl proxy` 自动完成对 API
的身份认证，并将其暴露到 Pod 的 `localhost` 接口，从而 Pod 中的其他容器可以
直接使用 API。
<!--
#### Without using a proxy
It is possible to avoid using the kubectl proxy by passing the authentication token
directly to the API server. The internal certificate secures the connection.
-->
#### 不使用代理 {#without-using-a-proxy}
通过将认证令牌直接发送到 API 服务器，也可以避免运行 kubectl proxy 命令。
内部的证书机制能够为链接提供保护。
```shell
# 指向内部 API 服务器的主机名
APISERVER=https://kubernetes.default.svc
# 服务账号令牌的路径
SERVICEACCOUNT=/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
# 读取 Pod 的名字空间
NAMESPACE=$(cat ${SERVICEACCOUNT}/namespace)
# 读取服务账号的持有者令牌
TOKEN=$(cat ${SERVICEACCOUNT}/token)
# 引用内部整数机构（CA）
CACERT=${SERVICEACCOUNT}/ca.crt
# 使用令牌访问 API
curl --cacert ${CACERT} --header "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" -X GET ${APISERVER}/api
```
<!--
The output will be similar to this:
-->
输出类似于：
```json
{
"kind": "APIVersions",
"versions": [
"v1"
],
"serverAddressByClientCIDRs": [
{
"clientCIDR": "0.0.0.0/0",
"serverAddress": "10.0.1.149:443"
}
]
}
```
* [从 Pod 中访问 API](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/access-api-from-pod/)