Merge pull request #35923 from tengqm/tweak-dns-customization
Tweak DNS customization pagepull/36962/head^2
Kubernetes Prow Robot
GitHub
commit
da18b430a0
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@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ DNS resolution process in your cluster.
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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Your cluster must be running the CoreDNS add-on.
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Your cluster must be running the CoreDNS add-on.
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[Migrating to CoreDNS](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/coredns/#migrating-to-coredns)
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explains how to use `kubeadm` to migrate from `kube-dns`.
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{{% version-check %}}
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{{% version-check %}}
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@ -27,25 +25,27 @@ explains how to use `kubeadm` to migrate from `kube-dns`.
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## Introduction
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## Introduction
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DNS is a built-in Kubernetes service launched automatically
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DNS is a built-in Kubernetes service launched automatically
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using the _addon manager_
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using the _addon manager_ [cluster add-on](http://releases.k8s.io/master/cluster/addons/README.md).
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[cluster add-on](http://releases.k8s.io/master/cluster/addons/README.md).
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As of Kubernetes v1.12, CoreDNS is the recommended DNS Server, replacing kube-dns. If your cluster
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originally used kube-dns, you may still have `kube-dns` deployed rather than CoreDNS.
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{{< note >}}
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{{< note >}}
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The CoreDNS Service is named `kube-dns` in the `metadata.name` field.
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The CoreDNS Service is named `kube-dns` in the `metadata.name` field.
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This is so that there is greater interoperability with workloads that relied on the legacy `kube-dns` Service name to resolve addresses internal to the cluster. Using a Service named `kube-dns` abstracts away the implementation detail of which DNS provider is running behind that common name.
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The intent is to ensure greater interoperability with workloads that relied on
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the legacy `kube-dns` Service name to resolve addresses internal to the cluster.
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Using a Service named `kube-dns` abstracts away the implementation detail of
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which DNS provider is running behind that common name.
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{{< /note >}}
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{{< /note >}}
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If you are running CoreDNS as a Deployment, it will typically be exposed as a Kubernetes Service with a static IP address.
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If you are running CoreDNS as a Deployment, it will typically be exposed as
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The kubelet passes DNS resolver information to each container with the `--cluster-dns=<dns-service-ip>` flag.
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a Kubernetes Service with a static IP address.
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The kubelet passes DNS resolver information to each container with the
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`--cluster-dns=<dns-service-ip>` flag.
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DNS names also need domains. You configure the local domain in the kubelet
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DNS names also need domains. You configure the local domain in the kubelet
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with the flag `--cluster-domain=<default-local-domain>`.
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with the flag `--cluster-domain=<default-local-domain>`.
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The DNS server supports forward lookups (A and AAAA records), port lookups (SRV records), reverse IP address lookups (PTR records),
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The DNS server supports forward lookups (A and AAAA records), port lookups (SRV records),
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and more. For more information, see [DNS for Services and Pods](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/).
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reverse IP address lookups (PTR records), and more. For more information, see
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[DNS for Services and Pods](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/).
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If a Pod's `dnsPolicy` is set to `default`, it inherits the name resolution
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If a Pod's `dnsPolicy` is set to `default`, it inherits the name resolution
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configuration from the node that the Pod runs on. The Pod's DNS resolution
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configuration from the node that the Pod runs on. The Pod's DNS resolution
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@ -59,15 +59,16 @@ inheriting DNS. Set it to a valid file path to specify a file other than
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## CoreDNS
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## CoreDNS
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CoreDNS is a general-purpose authoritative DNS server that can serve as cluster DNS, complying with the [dns specifications](https://github.com/kubernetes/dns/blob/master/docs/specification.md).
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CoreDNS is a general-purpose authoritative DNS server that can serve as cluster DNS,
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complying with the [DNS specifications](https://github.com/kubernetes/dns/blob/master/docs/specification.md).
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### CoreDNS ConfigMap options
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### CoreDNS ConfigMap options
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CoreDNS is a DNS server that is modular and pluggable, and each plugin adds new functionality to CoreDNS.
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CoreDNS is a DNS server that is modular and pluggable, with plugins adding new functionalities.
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This can be configured by maintaining a [Corefile](https://coredns.io/2017/07/23/corefile-explained/), which is the CoreDNS
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The CoreDNS server can be configured by maintaining a [Corefile](https://coredns.io/2017/07/23/corefile-explained/),
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configuration file. As a cluster administrator, you can modify the
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which is the CoreDNS configuration file. As a cluster administrator, you can modify the
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="ConfigMap" term_id="configmap" >}} for the CoreDNS Corefile to change how DNS service discovery
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="ConfigMap" term_id="configmap" >}} for the CoreDNS Corefile to
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behaves for that cluster.
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change how DNS service discovery behaves for that cluster.
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In Kubernetes, CoreDNS is installed with the following default Corefile configuration:
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In Kubernetes, CoreDNS is installed with the following default Corefile configuration:
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@ -102,35 +103,57 @@ data:
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The Corefile configuration includes the following [plugins](https://coredns.io/plugins/) of CoreDNS:
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The Corefile configuration includes the following [plugins](https://coredns.io/plugins/) of CoreDNS:
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* [errors](https://coredns.io/plugins/errors/): Errors are logged to stdout.
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* [errors](https://coredns.io/plugins/errors/): Errors are logged to stdout.
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* [health](https://coredns.io/plugins/health/): Health of CoreDNS is reported to `http://localhost:8080/health`. In this extended syntax `lameduck` will make the process unhealthy then wait for 5 seconds before the process is shut down.
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* [health](https://coredns.io/plugins/health/): Health of CoreDNS is reported to
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* [ready](https://coredns.io/plugins/ready/): An HTTP endpoint on port 8181 will return 200 OK, when all plugins that are able to signal readiness have done so.
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`http://localhost:8080/health`. In this extended syntax `lameduck` will make theuprocess
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* [kubernetes](https://coredns.io/plugins/kubernetes/): CoreDNS will reply to DNS queries based on IP of the services and pods of Kubernetes. You can find [more details](https://coredns.io/plugins/kubernetes/) about that plugin on the CoreDNS website. `ttl` allows you to set a custom TTL for responses. The default is 5 seconds. The minimum TTL allowed is 0 seconds, and the maximum is capped at 3600 seconds. Setting TTL to 0 will prevent records from being cached.
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unhealthy then wait for 5 seconds before the process is shut down.
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The `pods insecure` option is provided for backward compatibility with _kube-dns_. You can use the `pods verified` option, which returns an A record only if there exists a pod in same namespace with matching IP. The `pods disabled` option can be used if you don't use pod records.
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* [ready](https://coredns.io/plugins/ready/): An HTTP endpoint on port 8181 will return 200 OK,
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* [prometheus](https://coredns.io/plugins/metrics/): Metrics of CoreDNS are available at `http://localhost:9153/metrics` in [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/) format (also known as OpenMetrics).
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when all plugins that are able to signal readiness have done so.
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* [forward](https://coredns.io/plugins/forward/): Any queries that are not within the cluster domain of Kubernetes will be forwarded to predefined resolvers (/etc/resolv.conf).
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* [kubernetes](https://coredns.io/plugins/kubernetes/): CoreDNS will reply to DNS queries
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based on IP of the Services and Pods. You can find [more details](https://coredns.io/plugins/kubernetes/)
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about this plugin on the CoreDNS website.
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- `ttl` allows you to set a custom TTL for responses. The default is 5 seconds.
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The minimum TTL allowed is 0 seconds, and the maximum is capped at 3600 seconds.
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Setting TTL to 0 will prevent records from being cached.
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- The `pods insecure` option is provided for backward compatibility with `kube-dns`.
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- You can use the `pods verified` option, which returns an A record only if there exists a pod
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in the same namespace with a matching IP.
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- The `pods disabled` option can be used if you don't use pod records.
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* [prometheus](https://coredns.io/plugins/metrics/): Metrics of CoreDNS are available at
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`http://localhost:9153/metrics` in the [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/) format
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(also known as OpenMetrics).
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* [forward](https://coredns.io/plugins/forward/): Any queries that are not within the Kubernetes
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cluster domain are forwarded to predefined resolvers (/etc/resolv.conf).
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* [cache](https://coredns.io/plugins/cache/): This enables a frontend cache.
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* [cache](https://coredns.io/plugins/cache/): This enables a frontend cache.
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* [loop](https://coredns.io/plugins/loop/): Detects simple forwarding loops and halts the CoreDNS process if a loop is found.
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* [loop](https://coredns.io/plugins/loop/): Detects simple forwarding loops and
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* [reload](https://coredns.io/plugins/reload): Allows automatic reload of a changed Corefile. After you edit the ConfigMap configuration, allow two minutes for your changes to take effect.
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halts the CoreDNS process if a loop is found.
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* [loadbalance](https://coredns.io/plugins/loadbalance): This is a round-robin DNS loadbalancer that randomizes the order of A, AAAA, and MX records in the answer.
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* [reload](https://coredns.io/plugins/reload): Allows automatic reload of a changed Corefile.
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After you edit the ConfigMap configuration, allow two minutes for your changes to take effect.
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* [loadbalance](https://coredns.io/plugins/loadbalance): This is a round-robin DNS loadbalancer
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that randomizes the order of A, AAAA, and MX records in the answer.
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You can modify the default CoreDNS behavior by modifying the ConfigMap.
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You can modify the default CoreDNS behavior by modifying the ConfigMap.
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### Configuration of Stub-domain and upstream nameserver using CoreDNS
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### Configuration of Stub-domain and upstream nameserver using CoreDNS
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CoreDNS has the ability to configure stubdomains and upstream nameservers using the [forward plugin](https://coredns.io/plugins/forward/).
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CoreDNS has the ability to configure stub-domains and upstream nameservers
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using the [forward plugin](https://coredns.io/plugins/forward/).
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#### Example
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#### Example
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If a cluster operator has a [Consul](https://www.consul.io/) domain server located at 10.150.0.1, and all Consul names have the suffix .consul.local. To configure it in CoreDNS, the cluster administrator creates the following stanza in the CoreDNS ConfigMap.
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If a cluster operator has a [Consul](https://www.consul.io/) domain server located at "10.150.0.1",
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and all Consul names have the suffix ".consul.local". To configure it in CoreDNS,
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the cluster administrator creates the following stanza in the CoreDNS ConfigMap.
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```
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```
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consul.local:53 {
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consul.local:53 {
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errors
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errors
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cache 30
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cache 30
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forward . 10.150.0.1
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forward . 10.150.0.1
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}
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}
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```
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```
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To explicitly force all non-cluster DNS lookups to go through a specific nameserver at 172.16.0.1, point the `forward` to the nameserver instead of `/etc/resolv.conf`
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To explicitly force all non-cluster DNS lookups to go through a specific nameserver at 172.16.0.1,
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point the `forward` to the nameserver instead of `/etc/resolv.conf`
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```
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```
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forward . 172.16.0.1
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forward . 172.16.0.1
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@ -167,88 +190,12 @@ data:
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}
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}
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```
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```
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The `kubeadm` tool supports automatic translation from the kube-dns ConfigMap
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to the equivalent CoreDNS ConfigMap.
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{{< note >}}
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{{< note >}}
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While kube-dns accepts an FQDN for stubdomain and nameserver (eg: ns.foo.com), CoreDNS does not support this feature.
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CoreDNS does not support FQDNs for stub-domains and nameservers (eg: "ns.foo.com").
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During translation, all FQDN nameservers will be omitted from the CoreDNS config.
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During translation, all FQDN nameservers will be omitted from the CoreDNS config.
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{{< /note >}}
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{{< /note >}}
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## CoreDNS configuration equivalent to kube-dns
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CoreDNS supports the features of kube-dns and more.
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A ConfigMap created for kube-dns to support `StubDomains`and `upstreamNameservers` translates to the `forward` plugin in CoreDNS.
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### Example
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This example ConfigMap for kube-dns specifies stubdomains and upstreamnameservers:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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data:
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stubDomains: |
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{"abc.com" : ["1.2.3.4"], "my.cluster.local" : ["2.3.4.5"]}
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upstreamNameservers: |
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["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]
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kind: ConfigMap
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```
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The equivalent configuration in CoreDNS creates a Corefile:
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* For stubDomains:
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```yaml
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abc.com:53 {
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errors
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cache 30
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forward . 1.2.3.4
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}
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my.cluster.local:53 {
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errors
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cache 30
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forward . 2.3.4.5
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}
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```
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The complete Corefile with the default plugins:
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```
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.:53 {
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errors
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health
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kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
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pods insecure
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fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
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}
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federation cluster.local {
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foo foo.feddomain.com
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}
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prometheus :9153
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forward . 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
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cache 30
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}
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abc.com:53 {
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errors
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cache 30
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forward . 1.2.3.4
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}
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my.cluster.local:53 {
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errors
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cache 30
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forward . 2.3.4.5
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}
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```
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## Migration to CoreDNS
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To migrate from kube-dns to CoreDNS, a detailed
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[blog article](https://coredns.io/2018/05/21/migration-from-kube-dns-to-coredns/)
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is available to help users adapt CoreDNS in place of kube-dns.
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You can also migrate using the official CoreDNS
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[deploy script](https://github.com/coredns/deployment/blob/master/kubernetes/deploy.sh).
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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- Read [Debugging DNS Resolution](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution/)
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- Read [Debugging DNS Resolution](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution/)
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