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---
layout: blog
title: "逐个 KEP 地增强 Kubernetes"
date: 2022-08-11
slug: enhancing-kubernetes-one-kep-at-a-time
---
<!--
layout: blog
title: "Enhancing Kubernetes one KEP at a Time"
date: 2022-08-11
slug: enhancing-kubernetes-one-kep-at-a-time
canonicalUrl: https://www.k8s.dev/blog/2022/08/11/enhancing-kubernetes-one-kep-at-a-time/
-->
<!--
**Author:** Ryler Hockenbury (Mastercard)
-->
**作者：** Ryler Hockenbury（Mastercard）
<!--
Did you know that Kubernetes v1.24 has [46 enhancements](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2022/05/03/kubernetes-1-24-release-announcement/)? That's a lot of new functionality packed into a 4-month release cycle. The Kubernetes release team coordinates the logistics of the release, from remediating test flakes to publishing updated docs. It's a ton of work, but they always deliver.
The release team comprises around 30 people across six subteams - Bug Triage, CI Signal, Enhancements, Release Notes, Communications, and Docs.  Each of these subteams manages a component of the release. This post will focus on the role of the enhancements subteam and how you can get involved.
-->
你是否知道 Kubernetes v1.24 有
[46 个增强特性](https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/blog/2022/05/03/kubernetes-1-24-release-announcement/)？
在为期 4 个月的发布周期内包含了大量新特性。
Kubernetes 发布团队协调发布的后勤工作，从修复测试问题到发布更新的文档。他们需要完成成吨的工作，但发布团队总是能按期交付。
发布团队由大约 30 人组成，分布在六个子团队：Bug Triage、CI Signal、Enhancements、Release Notes、Communications 和 Docs。
每个子团队负责管理发布的一个组件。这篇博文将重点介绍增强子团队的角色以及你如何能够参与其中。
<!--
## What's the enhancements subteam?
Great question. We'll get to that in a second but first, let's talk about how features are managed in Kubernetes.
Each new feature requires a [Kubernetes Enhancement Proposal](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/README.md) - KEP for short. KEPs are small structured design documents that provide a way to propose and coordinate new features. The KEP author describes the motivation, design (and alternatives), risks, and tests - then community members provide feedback to build consensus.
-->
## 增强子团队是什么？
好问题。我们稍后会讨论这个问题，但首先让我们谈谈 Kubernetes 中是如何管理功能特性的。
每个新特性都需要一个 [Kubernetes 增强提案](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/README.md)，
简称为 KEP。KEP 是一些小型结构化设计文档，提供了一种提出和协调新特性的方法。
KEP 作者描述其提案动机、设计理念（和替代方案）、风险和测试，然后社区成员会提供反馈以达成共识。
<!--
KEPs are submitted and updated through a pull request (PR) workflow on the [k/enhancements repo](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements). Features start in alpha and move through a graduation process to beta and stable as they mature. For example, here's a cool KEP about [privileged container support on Windows Server](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-windows/1981-windows-privileged-container-support/kep.yaml).  It was introduced as alpha in Kubernetes v1.22 and graduated to beta in v1.23.
Now getting back to the question - the enhancements subteam coordinates the lifecycle tracking of the KEPs for each release. Each KEP is required to meet a set of requirements to be cleared for inclusion in a release. The enhancements subteam verifies each requirement for each KEP and tracks the status.
-->
你可以通过 [Kubernetes/enhancements 仓库](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements)的拉取请求（PR）工作流来提交和更新 KEP。
每个功能特性始于 Alpha 阶段，随着不断成熟，经由毕业流程进入 Beta 和 Stable 阶段。
这里有一个很酷的 KEP 例子，是关于 [Windows Server 上的特权容器支持](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-windows/1981-windows-privileged-container-support/kep.yaml)。
这个 KEP 在 Kubernetes v1.22 中作为 Alpha 引入，并在 v1.23 中进入 Beta 阶段。
现在回到上一个问题：增强子团队如何协调每个版本的 KEP 生命周期跟踪。
每个 KEP 都必须满足一组清晰具体的要求，才能被纳入一个发布版本中。
增强子团队负责验证每个 KEP 的要求并跟踪其状态。
<!--
At the start of a release, [Kubernetes Special Interest Groups](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-list.md) (SIGs) submit their enhancements to opt into a release. A typical release might have from 60 to 90 enhancements at the beginning.  During the release, many enhancements will drop out. Some do not quite meet the KEP requirements, and others do not complete their implementation in code. About 60%-70% of the opted-in KEPs will make it into the final release.
-->
在一个发行版本启动时，各个 [Kubernetes 特别兴趣小组](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-list.md) (SIG)
会提交各自的增强特性以进入某版本发布。通常一个版本最初可能有 60 到 90 个增强特性。随后，许多增强特性会被过滤掉。
这是因为有些不完全符合 KEP 要求，而另一些还未完成代码的实现。最初选择加入的 KEP 中大约有 60% - 70% 将进入最终发布。
<!--
## What does the enhancements subteam do?
Another great question, keep them coming! The enhancements team is involved in two crucial milestones during each release: enhancements freeze and code freeze.
-->
## 增强子团队做什么？
这是另一个很好的问题，切中了要点！增强特性的团队在每个版本中会涉及两个重要的里程碑：增强特性冻结和代码冻结。
<!--
#### Enhancements Freeze
Enhancements freeze is the deadline for a KEP to be complete in order for the enhancement to be included in a release. It's a quality gate to enforce alignment around maintaining and updating KEPs. The most notable requirements are a (1) [production readiness review ](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-architecture/production-readiness.md)(PRR) and a (2) [KEP file](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/NNNN-kep-template) with a complete test plan and graduation criteria.
-->
#### 增强特性冻结
增强特性冻结是一个 KEP 按序完成增强特性并纳入一个发布版本的最后期限。
这是一个质量门控，用于强制对齐与 KEP 维护和更新相关的事项。
最值得注意的要求是
(1) [生产就绪审查](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-architecture/production-readiness.md)(PRR)
和 (2) 附带完整测试计划和毕业标准的 [KEP 文件](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/NNNN-kep-template)。
<!--
The enhancements subteam communicates to each KEP author through comments on the KEP issue on Github. As a first step, they'll verify the status and check if it meets the requirements.  The KEP gets marked as tracked after satisfying the requirements; otherwise, it's considered at risk. If a KEP is still at risk when enhancement freeze is in effect, the KEP is removed from the release.
This part of the cycle is typically the busiest for the enhancements subteam because of the large number of KEPs to groom, and each KEP might need to be visited multiple times to verify whether it meets requirements.
-->
增强子团队通过在 Github 上对 KEP 问题发表评论与每位 KEP 作者进行沟通。
作为第一步，子团队成员将检查 KEP 状态并确认其是否符合要求。
KEP 在满足要求后被标记为已被跟踪（Tracked）；否则，它会被认为有风险。
如果在增强特性冻结生效时 KEP 仍然存在风险，该 KEP 将被从发布版本中移除。
在发布周期的这个阶段，增强子团队通常是最繁忙的，因为他们要梳理大量的 KEP，可能需要反复审查每个 KEP 才能验证某个 KEP 是否满足要求。
<!--
#### Code Freeze
Code freeze is the implementation deadline for all enhancements. The code must be implemented, reviewed, and merged by this point if a code change or update is needed for the enhancement. The latter third of the release is focused on stabilizing the codebase - fixing flaky tests, resolving various regressions, and preparing docs - and all the code needs to be in place before those steps can happen.
The enhancements subteam verifies that all PRs for an enhancement are merged into the [Kubernetes codebase](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) (k/k). During this period, the subteam reaches out to KEP authors to understand what PRs are part of the KEP, verifies that those PRs get merged, and then updates the status of the KEP. The enhancement is removed from the release if the code isn't all merged before the code freeze deadline.
-->
#### 代码冻结
代码冻结是从代码上实现所有增强特性的最后期限。
如果某增强特性的代码需要更改或更新，则必须在这个时间节点完成所有代码实现、代码审查和代码合并工作。
版本发布的最后三个工作专注于稳定代码库：修复测试问题，解决各种回归并准备文档。而在此之前，所有代码必须就位。
增强子团队将验证某增强特性相关的所有 PR 均已合并到 [Kubernetes 代码库](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) (k/k)。
在此期间，子团队将联系 KEP 作者以了解哪些 PR 是 KEP 的一部分，检查这些 PR 是否已合并，然后更新 KEP 的状态。
如果在代码冻结的最后期限之前这些代码还未全部合并，该增强特性将从发布版本中移除。
<!--
## How can I get involved with the release team?
I'm glad you asked. The most direct way is to apply to be a [release team shadow](https://github.com/kubernetes/sig-release/blob/master/release-team/shadows.md). The shadow role is a hands-on apprenticeship intended to prepare individuals for leadership positions on the release team. Many shadow roles are non-technical and do not require prior contributions to the Kubernetes codebase.
With 3 Kubernetes releases every year and roughly 25 shadows per release, the release team is always in need of individuals wanting to contribute. Before each release cycle, the release team opens the application for the shadow program. When the application goes live, it's posted in the [Kubernetes Dev Mailing List](https://groups.google.com/a/kubernetes.io/g/dev).  You can subscribe to notifications from that list (or check it regularly!) to watch when the application opens. The announcement will typically go out in mid-April, mid-July, and mid-December - or roughly a month before the start of each release.
-->
## 我如何才能参与发布团队？
很高兴你提出这个问题。
最直接的方式就是申请成为一名[发布团队影子](https://github.com/kubernetes/sig-release/blob/master/release-team/shadows.md)。
影子角色是一个见习职位，旨在帮助个人在发布团队中担任领导职位做好准备。许多影子角色是非技术性的，且不需要事先对 Kubernetes 代码库做出贡献。
Kubernetes 每年发布 3 个版本，每个版本大约有 25 个影子，发布团队总是需要愿意做出贡献的人。
在每个发布周期之前，发布团队都会为影子计划打开申请渠道。当申请渠道上线时，
会公布在 [Kubernetes 开发邮件清单](https://groups.google.com/a/kubernetes.io/g/dev)中。
你可以订阅该列表中的通知（或定期查看！），以了解申请渠道何时开通。该公告通常会在 4 月中旬、7 月中旬和 12 月中旬发布，
或者在每个版本开始前大约一个月时发布。
<!--
## How can I find out more?
Check out the [role handbooks](https://github.com/kubernetes/sig-release/tree/master/release-team/role-handbooks) if you're curious about the specifics of all the Kubernetes release subteams. The handbooks capture the logistics of each subteam, including a week-by-week breakdown of the subteam activities.  It's an excellent reference for getting to know each team better.
You can also check out the release-related Kubernetes slack channels - particularly #release, #sig-release, and #sig-arch. These channels have discussions and updates surrounding many aspects of the release.
-->
## 我怎样才能找到更多信息？
如果你对所有 Kubernetes 发布子团队的详情感到好奇，
请查阅[角色手册](https://github.com/kubernetes/sig-release/tree/master/release-team/role-handbooks)。
这些手册记录了每个子团队的后勤工作，包括每周对子团队活动的细分任务。这是更好地了解每个团队的绝佳参考。
你还可以查看与发布相关的 Kubernetes slack 频道，特别是 #release、#sig-release 和 #sig-arch。
这些频道围绕发布的许多方面进行了讨论和更新。