[zh] sync /architecture/nodes.md
Michael
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@ -847,89 +847,6 @@ Message: Pod was terminated in response to imminent node shutdown.
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```
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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## Non Graceful node shutdown {#non-graceful-node-shutdown}
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-->
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## 节点非体面关闭 {#non-graceful-node-shutdown}
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{{< feature-state state="beta" for_k8s_version="v1.26" >}}
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<!--
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A node shutdown action may not be detected by kubelet's Node Shutdown Manager,
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either because the command does not trigger the inhibitor locks mechanism used by
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kubelet or because of a user error, i.e., the ShutdownGracePeriod and
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ShutdownGracePeriodCriticalPods are not configured properly. Please refer to above
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section [Graceful Node Shutdown](#graceful-node-shutdown) for more details.
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-->
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节点关闭的操作可能无法被 kubelet 的节点关闭管理器检测到，
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是因为该命令不会触发 kubelet 所使用的抑制锁定机制，或者是因为用户错误的原因，
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即 ShutdownGracePeriod 和 ShutdownGracePeriodCriticalPod 配置不正确。
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请参考以上[节点体面关闭](#graceful-node-shutdown)部分了解更多详细信息。
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<!--
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When a node is shutdown but not detected by kubelet's Node Shutdown Manager, the pods
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that are part of a StatefulSet will be stuck in terminating status on
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the shutdown node and cannot move to a new running node. This is because kubelet on
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the shutdown node is not available to delete the pods so the StatefulSet cannot
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create a new pod with the same name. If there are volumes used by the pods, the
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VolumeAttachments will not be deleted from the original shutdown node so the volumes
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used by these pods cannot be attached to a new running node. As a result, the
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application running on the StatefulSet cannot function properly. If the original
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shutdown node comes up, the pods will be deleted by kubelet and new pods will be
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created on a different running node. If the original shutdown node does not come up,
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these pods will be stuck in terminating status on the shutdown node forever.
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-->
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当某节点关闭但 kubelet 的节点关闭管理器未检测到这一事件时，
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在那个已关闭节点上、属于 StatefulSet 的 Pod 将停滞于终止状态，并且不能移动到新的运行节点上。
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这是因为已关闭节点上的 kubelet 已不存在，亦无法删除 Pod，
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因此 StatefulSet 无法创建同名的新 Pod。
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如果 Pod 使用了卷，则 VolumeAttachments 不会从原来的已关闭节点上删除，
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因此这些 Pod 所使用的卷也无法挂接到新的运行节点上。
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所以，那些以 StatefulSet 形式运行的应用无法正常工作。
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如果原来的已关闭节点被恢复，kubelet 将删除 Pod，新的 Pod 将被在不同的运行节点上创建。
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如果原来的已关闭节点没有被恢复，那些在已关闭节点上的 Pod 将永远滞留在终止状态。
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<!--
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To mitigate the above situation, a user can manually add the taint `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` with either `NoExecute`
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or `NoSchedule` effect to a Node marking it out-of-service.
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If the `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach`[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
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is enabled on `kube-controller-manager`, and a Node is marked out-of-service with this taint, the
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pods on the node will be forcefully deleted if there are no matching tolerations on it and volume
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detach operations for the pods terminating on the node will happen immediately. This allows the
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Pods on the out-of-service node to recover quickly on a different node.
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-->
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为了缓解上述情况，用户可以手动将具有 `NoExecute` 或 `NoSchedule` 效果的
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`node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` 污点添加到节点上，标记其无法提供服务。
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如果在 `kube-controller-manager` 上启用了 `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach`
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[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)，
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并且节点被通过污点标记为无法提供服务，如果节点 Pod 上没有设置对应的容忍度，
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那么这样的 Pod 将被强制删除，并且该在节点上被终止的 Pod 将立即进行卷分离操作。
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这样就允许那些在无法提供服务节点上的 Pod 能在其他节点上快速恢复。
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<!--
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During a non-graceful shutdown, Pods are terminated in the two phases:
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1. Force delete the Pods that do not have matching `out-of-service` tolerations.
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2. Immediately perform detach volume operation for such pods.
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-->
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在非体面关闭期间，Pod 分两个阶段终止：
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1. 强制删除没有匹配的 `out-of-service` 容忍度的 Pod。
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2. 立即对此类 Pod 执行分离卷操作。
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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- Before adding the taint `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` , it should be verified
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that the node is already in shutdown or power off state (not in the middle of
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restarting).
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- The user is required to manually remove the out-of-service taint after the pods are
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moved to a new node and the user has checked that the shutdown node has been
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recovered since the user was the one who originally added the taint.
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-->
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- 在添加 `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` 污点之前，应该验证节点已经处于关闭或断电状态（而不是在重新启动中）。
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- 将 Pod 移动到新节点后，用户需要手动移除停止服务的污点，并且用户要检查关闭节点是否已恢复，因为该用户是最初添加污点的用户。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Pod Priority based graceful node shutdown {#pod-priority-graceful-node-shutdown}
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-->
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@ -1091,6 +1008,91 @@ are emitted under the kubelet subsystem to monitor node shutdowns.
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kubelet 子系统中会生成 `graceful_shutdown_start_time_seconds` 和
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`graceful_shutdown_end_time_seconds` 度量指标以便监视节点关闭行为。
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<!--
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## Non Graceful node shutdown {#non-graceful-node-shutdown}
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-->
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## 节点非体面关闭 {#non-graceful-node-shutdown}
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{{< feature-state state="beta" for_k8s_version="v1.26" >}}
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<!--
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A node shutdown action may not be detected by kubelet's Node Shutdown Manager,
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either because the command does not trigger the inhibitor locks mechanism used by
|
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kubelet or because of a user error, i.e., the ShutdownGracePeriod and
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ShutdownGracePeriodCriticalPods are not configured properly. Please refer to above
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section [Graceful Node Shutdown](#graceful-node-shutdown) for more details.
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-->
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节点关闭的操作可能无法被 kubelet 的节点关闭管理器检测到，
|
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是因为该命令不会触发 kubelet 所使用的抑制锁定机制，或者是因为用户错误的原因，
|
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即 ShutdownGracePeriod 和 ShutdownGracePeriodCriticalPod 配置不正确。
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请参考以上[节点体面关闭](#graceful-node-shutdown)部分了解更多详细信息。
|
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|
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<!--
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When a node is shutdown but not detected by kubelet's Node Shutdown Manager, the pods
|
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that are part of a StatefulSet will be stuck in terminating status on
|
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the shutdown node and cannot move to a new running node. This is because kubelet on
|
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the shutdown node is not available to delete the pods so the StatefulSet cannot
|
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create a new pod with the same name. If there are volumes used by the pods, the
|
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VolumeAttachments will not be deleted from the original shutdown node so the volumes
|
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used by these pods cannot be attached to a new running node. As a result, the
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application running on the StatefulSet cannot function properly. If the original
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shutdown node comes up, the pods will be deleted by kubelet and new pods will be
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created on a different running node. If the original shutdown node does not come up,
|
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these pods will be stuck in terminating status on the shutdown node forever.
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-->
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当某节点关闭但 kubelet 的节点关闭管理器未检测到这一事件时，
|
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在那个已关闭节点上、属于 StatefulSet 的 Pod 将停滞于终止状态，并且不能移动到新的运行节点上。
|
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这是因为已关闭节点上的 kubelet 已不存在，亦无法删除 Pod，
|
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因此 StatefulSet 无法创建同名的新 Pod。
|
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如果 Pod 使用了卷，则 VolumeAttachments 不会从原来的已关闭节点上删除，
|
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因此这些 Pod 所使用的卷也无法挂接到新的运行节点上。
|
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所以，那些以 StatefulSet 形式运行的应用无法正常工作。
|
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如果原来的已关闭节点被恢复，kubelet 将删除 Pod，新的 Pod 将被在不同的运行节点上创建。
|
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如果原来的已关闭节点没有被恢复，那些在已关闭节点上的 Pod 将永远滞留在终止状态。
|
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|
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<!--
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To mitigate the above situation, a user can manually add the taint `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` with either `NoExecute`
|
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or `NoSchedule` effect to a Node marking it out-of-service.
|
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If the `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach`[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
|
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is enabled on `kube-controller-manager`, and a Node is marked out-of-service with this taint, the
|
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pods on the node will be forcefully deleted if there are no matching tolerations on it and volume
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detach operations for the pods terminating on the node will happen immediately. This allows the
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Pods on the out-of-service node to recover quickly on a different node.
|
||||
-->
|
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为了缓解上述情况，用户可以手动将具有 `NoExecute` 或 `NoSchedule` 效果的
|
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`node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` 污点添加到节点上，标记其无法提供服务。
|
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如果在 `kube-controller-manager` 上启用了 `NodeOutOfServiceVolumeDetach`
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[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)，
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并且节点被通过污点标记为无法提供服务，如果节点 Pod 上没有设置对应的容忍度，
|
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那么这样的 Pod 将被强制删除，并且该在节点上被终止的 Pod 将立即进行卷分离操作。
|
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这样就允许那些在无法提供服务节点上的 Pod 能在其他节点上快速恢复。
|
||||
|
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<!--
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During a non-graceful shutdown, Pods are terminated in the two phases:
|
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|
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1. Force delete the Pods that do not have matching `out-of-service` tolerations.
|
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2. Immediately perform detach volume operation for such pods.
|
||||
-->
|
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在非体面关闭期间，Pod 分两个阶段终止：
|
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|
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1. 强制删除没有匹配的 `out-of-service` 容忍度的 Pod。
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2. 立即对此类 Pod 执行分离卷操作。
|
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|
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{{< note >}}
|
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<!--
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- Before adding the taint `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` , it should be verified
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that the node is already in shutdown or power off state (not in the middle of
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restarting).
|
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- The user is required to manually remove the out-of-service taint after the pods are
|
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moved to a new node and the user has checked that the shutdown node has been
|
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recovered since the user was the one who originally added the taint.
|
||||
-->
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||||
- 在添加 `node.kubernetes.io/out-of-service` 污点之前，
|
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应该验证节点已经处于关闭或断电状态（而不是在重新启动中）。
|
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- 将 Pod 移动到新节点后，用户需要手动移除停止服务的污点，
|
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并且用户要检查关闭节点是否已恢复，因为该用户是最初添加污点的用户。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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## Swap memory management {#swap-memory}
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-->
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