diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment.md
index 79170508e6..7e9a12be1b 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment.md
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ FOO_SERVICE_PORT=<the port the service is running on>
 
 <!--
 Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS,
-if [DNS addon](http://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/) is enabled. 
+if [DNS addon](https://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/) is enabled. 
 -->
 服务具有专用的 IP 地址。如果启用了
-[DNS插件](https://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/)，
+[DNS 插件](https://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/cluster/addons/dns/)，
 可以在容器中通过 DNS 来访问服务。
 
 ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/images.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
index 0a629be864..1360faab32 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ This page provides an outline of the container image concept.
 容器镜像是可执行的软件包，可以单独运行；该软件包对所处的运行时环境具有
 良定（Well Defined）的假定。
 
-你通常会创建应用的容器镜像并将其推送到某仓库，然后在
+你通常会创建应用的容器镜像并将其推送到某仓库（Registry），然后在
 {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} 中引用它。
 
 本页概要介绍容器镜像的概念。
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ This page provides an outline of the container image concept.
 
 Container images are usually given a name such as `pause`, `example/mycontainer`, or `kube-apiserver`.
 Images can also include a registry hostname; for example: `fictional.registry.example/imagename`,
-and possible a port number as well; for example: `fictional.registry.example:10443/imagename`.
+and possibly a port number as well; for example: `fictional.registry.example:10443/imagename`.
 
 If you don't specify a registry hostname, Kubernetes assumes that you mean the Docker public registry.
 
@@ -72,20 +72,6 @@ If you don't specify a tag, Kubernetes assumes you mean the tag `latest`.
 关于在镜像标签中何处可以使用分隔字符（`_`、`-` 和 `.`）还有一些额外的规则。
 如果你不指定标签，Kubernetes 认为你想使用标签 `latest`。
 
-<!--
-You should avoid using the `latest` tag when deploying containers in production,
-as it is harder to track which version of the image is running and more difficult
-to roll back to a working version.
-
-Instead, specify a meaningful tag such as `v1.42.0`.
--->
-{{< caution >}}
-你要避免在生产环境中使用 `latest` 标签，因为这会使得跟踪所运行的镜像版本变得
-非常困难，同时也很难回滚到之前运行良好的版本。
-
-正确的做法恰恰相反，你应该指定一个有意义的标签，如 `v1.42.0`。
-{{< /caution >}}
-
 <!--
 ## Updating images
 
@@ -107,22 +93,123 @@ image if it already exists.
 在镜像已经存在的情况下直接略过拉取镜像的操作。
 
 <!--
-If you would like to always force a pull, you can do one of the following:
+### Image pull policy
 
-- set the `imagePullPolicy` of the container to `Always`.
-- omit the `imagePullPolicy` and use `:latest` as the tag for the image to use;
-  Kubernetes will set the policy to `Always`.
-- omit the `imagePullPolicy` and the tag for the image to use.
-- enable the [AlwaysPullImages](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#alwayspullimages) admission controller.
+The `imagePullPolicy` for a container and the tag of the image affect when the
+[kubelet](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/) attempts to pull (download) the specified image.
+
+Here's a list of the values you can set for `imagePullPolicy` and the effects
+these values have:
 -->
-如果你希望强制总是拉取镜像，你可以执行以下操作之一：
+### 镜像拉取策略   {#image-pull-policy}
 
-- 设置容器的 `imagePullPolicy` 为 `Always`。
-- 省略 `imagePullPolicy`，并使用 `:latest` 作为要使用的镜像的标签；
-  Kubernetes 会将策略设置为 `Always`。
-- 省略 `imagePullPolicy` 和要使用的镜像标签。
-- 启用 [AlwaysPullImages](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#alwayspullimages)
-  准入控制器（Admission Controller）。
+容器的 `imagePullPolicy` 和镜像的标签会影响 [kubelet](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/) 尝试拉取（下载）指定的镜像。
+
+以下列表包含了 `imagePullPolicy` 可以设置的值，以及这些值的效果：
+
+<!--
+`IfNotPresent`
+: the image is pulled only if it is not already present locally.
+
+`Always`
+: every time the kubelet launches a container, the kubelet queries the container
+  image registry to resolve the name to an image
+  [digest](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pull/#pull-an-image-by-digest-immutable-identifier). If the kubelet has a
+  container image with that exact digest cached locally, the kubelet uses its cached
+  image; otherwise, the kubelet pulls the image with the resolved digest,
+  and uses that image to launch the container.
+
+`Never`
+: the kubelet does not try fetching the image. If the image is somehow already present
+  locally, the kubelet attempts to start the container; otherwise, startup fails.
+  See [pre-pulled images](#pre-pulled-images) for more details.
+-->
+`IfNotPresent`
+: 只有当镜像在本地不存在时才会拉取。
+
+`Always`
+: 每当 kubelet 启动一个容器时，kubelet 会查询容器的镜像仓库，
+  将名称解析为一个镜像[摘要](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pull/#pull-an-image-by-digest-immutable-identifier)。
+  如果 kubelet 有一个容器镜像，并且对应的摘要已在本地缓存，kubelet 就会使用其缓存的镜像；
+  否则，kubelet 就会使用解析后的摘要拉取镜像，并使用该镜像来启动容器。
+
+`Never`
+: Kubelet 不会尝试获取镜像。如果镜像已经以某种方式存在本地，
+  kubelet 会尝试启动容器；否则，会启动失败。
+  更多细节见[提前拉取镜像](#pre-pulled-images)。
+
+<!--
+The caching semantics of the underlying image provider make even
+`imagePullPolicy: Always` efficient, as long as the registry is reliably accessible.
+Your container runtime can notice that the image layers already exist on the node
+so that they don't need to be downloaded again.
+-->
+只要能够可靠地访问镜像仓库，底层镜像提供者的缓存语义甚至可以使 `imagePullPolicy: Always` 高效。
+你的容器运行时可以注意到节点上已经存在的镜像层，这样就不需要再次下载。
+
+<!--
+You should avoid using the `:latest` tag when deploying containers in production as
+it is harder to track which version of the image is running and more difficult to
+roll back properly.
+
+Instead, specify a meaningful tag such as `v1.42.0`.
+
+To make sure the Pod always uses the same version of a container image, you can specify
+the image's digest;
+replace `<image-name>:<tag>` with `<image-name>@<digest>`
+(for example, `image@sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2`).
+-->
+{{< note >}}
+在生产环境中部署容器时，你应该避免使用 `:latest` 标签，因为这使得正在运行的镜像的版本难以追踪，并且难以正确地回滚。
+
+相反，应指定一个有意义的标签，如 `v1.42.0`。
+{{< /note >}}
+
+为了确保 Pod 总是使用相同版本的容器镜像，你可以指定镜像的摘要；
+将 `<image-name>:<tag>` 替换为 `<image-name>@<digest>`，例如 `image@sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2`。
+
+<!--
+When using image tags, if the image registry were to change the code that the tag on that image represents, you might end up with a mix of Pods running the old and new code. An image digest uniquely identifies a specific version of the image, so Kubernetes runs the same code every time it starts a container with that image name and digest specified. Specifying an image fixes the code that you run so that a change at the registry cannot lead to that mix of versions.
+
+There are third-party [admission controllers](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/)
+that mutate Pods (and pod templates) when they are created, so that the
+running workload is defined based on an image digest rather than a tag.
+That might be useful if you want to make sure that all your workload is
+running the same code no matter what tag changes happen at the registry.
+-->
+当使用镜像标签时，如果镜像仓库修改了代码所对应的镜像标签，可能会出现新旧代码混杂在 Pod 中运行的情况。
+镜像摘要唯一标识了镜像的特定版本，因此 Kubernetes 每次启动具有指定镜像名称和摘要的容器时，都会运行相同的代码。
+指定一个镜像可以固定你所运行的代码，这样镜像仓库的变化就不会导致版本的混杂。
+
+有一些第三方的[准入控制器](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/)
+在创建 Pod（和 Pod 模板）时产生变更，这样运行的工作负载就是根据镜像摘要，而不是标签来定义的。
+无论镜像仓库上的标签发生什么变化，你都想确保你所有的工作负载都运行相同的代码，那么指定镜像摘要会很有用。
+
+<!-- 
+#### Default image pull policy {#imagepullpolicy-defaulting}
+
+When you (or a controller) submit a new Pod to the API server, your cluster sets the
+`imagePullPolicy` field when specific conditions are met:
+-->
+#### 默认镜像拉取策略    {#imagepullpolicy-defaulting}
+
+当你（或控制器）向 API 服务器提交一个新的 Pod 时，你的集群会在满足特定条件时设置 `imagePullPolicy `字段：
+
+<!--
+- if you omit the `imagePullPolicy` field, and the tag for the container image is
+  `:latest`, `imagePullPolicy` is automatically set to `Always`;
+- if you omit the `imagePullPolicy` field, and you don't specify the tag for the
+  container image, `imagePullPolicy` is automatically set to `Always`;
+- if you omit the `imagePullPolicy` field, and you specify the tag for the
+  container image that isn't `:latest`, the `imagePullPolicy` is automatically set to
+  `IfNotPresent`.
+-->
+- 如果你省略了 `imagePullPolicy` 字段，并且容器镜像的标签是 `:latest`，
+  `imagePullPolicy` 会自动设置为 `Always`。
+- 如果你省略了 `imagePullPolicy` 字段，并且没有指定容器镜像的标签，
+  `imagePullPolicy` 会自动设置为 `Always`。
+- 如果你省略了 `imagePullPolicy` 字段，并且为容器镜像指定了非 `:latest` 的标签，
+  `imagePullPolicy` 就会自动设置为 `IfNotPresent`。
 
 {{< note >}}
 <!--
@@ -134,18 +221,63 @@ For example, if you create a Deployment with an image whose tag is _not_
 `imagePullPolicy` field will _not_ change to `Always`. You must manually change
 the pull policy of any object after its initial creation.
 -->
-对象被 *创建* 时，容器的 `imagePullPolicy` 总是被设置为某值，如果镜像的标签
-后来发生改变，镜像拉取策略也不会被改变。
+容器的 `imagePullPolicy` 的值总是在对象初次 _创建_ 时设置的，如果后来镜像的标签发生变化，则不会更新。
 
-例如，如果你创建了一个 Deployment 对象，其中的镜像标签不是 `:latest`，
-后来 Deployment 的镜像被改为 `:latest`，则 `imagePullPolicy` 不会被改变为
-`Always`。你必须在对象被初始创建之后手动改变拉取策略。
+例如，如果你用一个 _非_ `:latest` 的镜像标签创建一个 Deployment，
+并在随后更新该 Deployment 的镜像标签为 `:latest`，则 `imagePullPolicy` 字段 _不会_ 变成 `Always`。
+你必须手动更改已经创建的资源的拉取策略。
 {{< /note >}}
 
 <!--
-When `imagePullPolicy` is defined without a specific value, it is also set to `Always`.
+#### Required image pull
+
+If you would like to always force a pull, you can do one of the following:
+
+- Set the `imagePullPolicy` of the container to `Always`.
+- Omit the `imagePullPolicy` and use `:latest` as the tag for the image to use;
+  Kubernetes will set the policy to `Always` when you submit the Pod.
+- Omit the `imagePullPolicy` and the tag for the image to use;
+  Kubernetes will set the policy to `Always` when you submit the Pod.
+- Enable the [AlwaysPullImages](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#alwayspullimages) admission controller.
 -->
-如果 `imagePullPolicy` 未被定义为特定的值，也会被设置为 `Always`。
+#### 必要的镜像拉取   {#required-image-pull}
+
+如果你想总是强制执行拉取，你可以使用下述的一中方式：
+
+- 设置容器的 `imagePullPolicy` 为 `Always`。
+- 省略 `imagePullPolicy`，并使用 `:latest` 作为镜像标签；
+  当你提交 Pod 时，Kubernetes 会将策略设置为 `Always`。
+- 省略 `imagePullPolicy` 和镜像的标签；
+  当你提交 Pod 时，Kubernetes 会将策略设置为 `Always`。
+- 启用准入控制器 [AlwaysPullImages](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#alwayspullimages)。
+
+
+<!--
+### ImagePullBackOff
+
+When a kubelet starts creating containers for a Pod using a container runtime,
+it might be possible the container is in [Waiting](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-state-waiting)
+state because of `ImagePullBackOff`.
+-->
+### ImagePullBackOff
+
+当 kubelet 使用容器运行时创建 Pod 时，容器可能因为 `ImagePullBackOff` 导致状态为
+[Waiting](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-state-waiting)。
+
+<!--
+The status `ImagePullBackOff` means that a container could not start because Kubernetes
+could not pull a container image (for reasons such as invalid image name, or pulling
+from a private registry without `imagePullSecret`). The `BackOff` part indicates
+that Kubernetes will keep trying to pull the image, with an increasing back-off delay.
+
+Kubernetes raises the delay between each attempt until it reaches a compiled-in limit,
+which is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
+-->
+`ImagePullBackOff` 状态意味着容器无法启动，
+因为 Kubernetes 无法拉取容器镜像（原因包括无效的镜像名称，或从私有仓库拉取而没有 `imagePullSecret`）。
+ `BackOff` 部分表示 Kubernetes 将继续尝试拉取镜像，并增加回退延迟。
+
+Kubernetes 会增加每次尝试之间的延迟，直到达到编译限制，即 300 秒（5 分钟）。
 
 <!--
 ## Multi-architecture images with image indexes
@@ -619,7 +751,8 @@ Kubelet will merge any `imagePullSecrets` into a single virtual `.docker/config.
 ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
 
 <!--
-* Read the [OCI Image Manifest Specification](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md)
+* Read the [OCI Image Manifest Specification](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md).
+* Learn about [container image garbage collection](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#container-image-garbage-collection).
 -->
-* 阅读 [OCI Image Manifest 规范](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md)
-
+* 阅读 [OCI Image Manifest 规范](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md)。
+* 了解[容器镜像垃圾收集](/zh/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#container-image-garbage-collection)。
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md
index d1ed733804..a2cee358c1 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ RuntimeClass 假设集群中的节点配置是同构的（换言之，所有的
 
 <!--
 The configurations have a corresponding `handler` name, referenced by the RuntimeClass. The
-handler must be a valid DNS 1123 label (alpha-numeric + `-` characters).
+handler must be a valid [DNS label name](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#dns-label-names).
 -->
 所有这些配置都具有相应的 `handler` 名，并被 RuntimeClass 引用。
-handler 必须符合 DNS-1123 命名规范（字母、数字、或 `-`）。
+handler 必须是有效的 [DNS 标签名](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#dns-label-names)。
 
 <!--
 ### 2. Create the corresponding RuntimeClass resources
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Runtime handlers are configured through containerd's configuration at
 handler 需要配置在 runtimes 块中： 
 
 ```
-[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.${HANDLER_NAME}]
+[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.${HANDLER_NAME}]
 ```
 
 <!--
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ handler 需要配置在
 ```
 
 <!--
-See CRI-O's [config documentation](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cri-o/cri-o/9f11d1d/docs/crio.conf.5.md) for more details.
+See CRI-O's [config documentation](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/master/docs/crio.conf.5.md) for more details.
 -->
-更详细信息，请查阅 CRI-O [配置文档](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cri-o/cri-o/9f11d1d/docs/crio.conf.5.md)。
+更详细信息，请查阅 CRI-O [配置文档](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/master/docs/crio.conf.5.md)。
 
 <!-- 
 ## Scheduling
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ Pod 开销通过 RuntimeClass 的 `overhead` 字段定义。
 - [RuntimeClass Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/585-runtime-class/README.md)
 - [RuntimeClass Scheduling Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/585-runtime-class/README.md#runtimeclass-scheduling)
 - Read about the [Pod Overhead](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-overhead/) concept
-- [PodOverhead Feature Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/20190226-pod-overhead.md)
+- [PodOverhead Feature Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-node/688-pod-overhead)
 -->
 - [RuntimeClass 设计](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/585-runtime-class/README.md)
 - [RuntimeClass 调度设计](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/585-runtime-class/README.md#runtimeclass-scheduling)
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components.md
index 8e76e91fd7..26535842ab 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/components.md
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ card:
 When you deploy Kubernetes, you get a cluster.
 {{</* glossary_definition term_id="cluster" length="all" prepend="A Kubernetes cluster consists of" */>}}
 
-This document outlines the various components you need to have
+This document outlines the various components you need to have for
 a complete and working Kubernetes cluster.
 
 Here's the diagram of a Kubernetes cluster with all the components tied together.
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md
index 5239861124..053fbbc341 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md
@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ Annotations, like labels, are key/value maps:
 }
 ```
 
+{{<note>}}
+<!--
+The keys and the values in the map must be strings. In other words, you cannot use
+numeric, boolean, list or other types for either the keys or the values.
+-->
+Map 中的键和值必须是字符串。
+换句话说，你不能使用数字、布尔值、列表或其他类型的键或值。
+{{</note>}}
+
 <!--
 Here are some examples of information that could be recorded in annotations:
 -->
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md
index 5184fb0b38..58a4b65163 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ kubectl get pods --field-selector=status.phase!=Running,spec.restartPolicy=Alway
 <!--
 ## Multiple resource types
 
-You use field selectors across multiple resource types. This `kubectl` command selects all Statefulsets and Services that are not in the `default` namespace:
+You can use field selectors across multiple resource types. This `kubectl` command selects all Statefulsets and Services that are not in the `default` namespace:
 -->
 ## 多种资源类型   {#multiple-resource-types}
 
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects.md
index 96a863cfa0..6c8ce5873e 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects.md
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ In the `.yaml` file for the Kubernetes object you want to create, you'll need to
 * `apiVersion` - Which version of the Kubernetes API you're using to create this object
 * `kind` - What kind of object you want to create
 * `metadata` - Data that helps uniquely identify the object, including a `name` string, `UID`, and optional `namespace`
+* `spec` - What state you desire for the object
 -->
 ### 必需字段  {#required-fields}
 
@@ -168,25 +169,23 @@ In the `.yaml` file for the Kubernetes object you want to create, you'll need to
 * `apiVersion` - 创建该对象所使用的 Kubernetes API 的版本
 * `kind` - 想要创建的对象的类别
 * `metadata` - 帮助唯一性标识对象的一些数据，包括一个 `name` 字符串、UID 和可选的 `namespace`
+* `spec` - 你所期望的该对象的状态
 
 <!--
-You'll also need to provide the object `spec` field. The precise format of the object `spec` is different for every Kubernetes object, and contains nested fields specific to that object. The [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/) can help you find the spec format for all of the objects you can create using Kubernetes.
-For example, the `spec` format for a `Pod` can be found
-[here](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podspec-v1-core),
-and the `spec` format for a `Deployment` can be found
-[here](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#deploymentspec-v1-apps).
--->
-你也需要提供对象的 `spec` 字段。
-对象 `spec` 的精确格式对每个 Kubernetes 对象来说是不同的，包含了特定于该对象的嵌套字段。
-[Kubernetes API 参考](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
-能够帮助我们找到任何我们想创建的对象的 spec 格式。
-例如，可以从
-[core/v1 PodSpec](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podspec-v1-core)
-查看 `Pod` 的 `spec` 格式，
-并且可以从
-[apps/v1 DeploymentSpec](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#deploymentspec-v1-apps)
-查看 `Deployment` 的 `spec` 格式。
+The precise format of the object `spec` is different for every Kubernetes object, and contains nested fields specific to that object. The [Kubernetes API Reference](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/) can help you find the spec format for all of the objects you can create using Kubernetes.
 
+For example, the reference for Pod details the [`spec` field](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/pod-v1/#PodSpec)
+for a Pod in the API, and the reference for Deployment details the [`spec` field](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/deployment-v1/#DeploymentSpec) for Deployments.
+In those API reference pages you'll see mention of PodSpec and DeploymentSpec. These names are implementation details of the Golang code that Kubernetes uses to implement its API.
+-->
+对象 `spec` 的精确格式对每个 Kubernetes 对象来说是不同的，包含了特定于该对象的嵌套字段。
+[Kubernetes API 参考](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/)
+能够帮助我们找到任何我们想创建的对象的规约格式。
+
+例如，Pod 参考文档详细说明了 API 中 Pod 的 [`spec` 字段](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/pod-v1/#PodSpec)，
+Deployment 的参考文档则详细说明了 Deployment 的 [`spec` 字段](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/deployment-v1/#DeploymentSpec)。
+在这些 API 参考页面中，你将看到提到的 PodSpec 和 DeploymentSpec。
+这些名字是 Kubernetes 用来实现其 API 的 Golang 代码的实现细节。
 
 ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
 
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
index 2714cb3f7b..34b9fe0f6b 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
@@ -70,11 +70,10 @@ Example labels:
 * `"track" : "daily"`, `"track" : "weekly"`
 
 <!--
-These are just examples of commonly used labels; 
-you are free to develop your own conventions. 
-Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.
+These are examples of [commonly used labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels/); you are free to develop your own conventions. Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.
 -->
-这些只是常用标签的例子; 你可以任意制定自己的约定。请记住，对于给定对象标签的键必须是唯一的。
+有一些[常用标签](/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels/)的例子; 你可以任意制定自己的约定。
+请记住，标签的 Key 对于给定对象必须是唯一的。
 
 <!--
 ## Syntax and character set
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ _Labels_ are key/value pairs. Valid label keys have two segments: an optional pr
 
 If the prefix is omitted, the label Key is presumed to be private to the user. Automated system components (e.g. `kube-scheduler`, `kube-controller-manager`, `kube-apiserver`, `kubectl`, or other third-party automation) which add labels to end-user objects must specify a prefix.
 
-The `kubernetes.io/` prefix is reserved for Kubernetes core components.
+The `kubernetes.io/` and `k8s.io/` prefixes are [reserved](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/) for Kubernetes core components.
 -->
 ## 语法和字符集
 
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ _标签_ 是键值对。有效的标签键有两个段：可选的前缀和名
 向最终用户对象添加标签的自动系统组件（例如 `kube-scheduler`、`kube-controller-manager`、
 `kube-apiserver`、`kubectl` 或其他第三方自动化工具）必须指定前缀。
 
-`kubernetes.io/` 前缀是为 Kubernetes 核心组件保留的。
+`kubernetes.io/` 和 `k8s.io/` 前缀是为 Kubernetes 核心组件[保留的](/zh/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/)。
 
 <!--
 Valid label value:
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md
index 09e767ea9c..131ce0c6ba 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ In cases when objects represent a physical entity, like a Node representing a ph
 {{< /note >}}
 
 <!--
-Below are three types of commonly used name constraints for resources.
+Below are four types of commonly used name constraints for resources.
 -->
-以下是比较常见的三种资源命名约束。
+以下是比较常见的四种资源命名约束。
 
 <!--
 ### DNS Subdomain Names
@@ -86,16 +86,39 @@ This means the name must:
 - start with an alphanumeric character
 - end with an alphanumeric character
 -->
-### DNS 标签名    {#dns-label-names}
+### RFC 1123 标签名    {#dns-label-names}
 
 某些资源类型需要其名称遵循 [RFC 1123](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123)
 所定义的 DNS 标签标准。也就是命名必须满足如下规则：
 
-- 最多63个字符
-- 只能包含小写字母、数字，以及'-'
+- 最多 63 个字符
+- 只能包含小写字母、数字，以及 '-'
 - 须以字母数字开头
 - 须以字母数字结尾
 
+
+<!--
+### RFC 1035 Label Names
+
+Some resource types require their names to follow the DNS
+label standard as defined in [RFC 1035](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035).
+This means the name must:
+
+- contain at most 63 characters
+- contain only lowercase alphanumeric characters or '-'
+- start with an alphabetic character
+- end with an alphanumeric character
+-->
+### RFC 1035 标签名   {#rfc-1035-label-names}
+
+某些资源类型需要其名称遵循 [RFC 1035](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035)
+所定义的 DNS 标签标准。也就是命名必须满足如下规则：
+
+- 最多 63 个字符
+- 只能包含小写字母、数字，以及 '-'
+- 须以字母开头
+- 须以字母数字结尾
+
 <!--
 ### Path Segment Names
 
diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md
index 5d43643cdf..a737a474c6 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md
@@ -101,20 +101,24 @@ kube-public   Active    1d
 <!--
 Kubernetes starts with four initial namespaces:
 
-* `default` The default namespace for objects with no other namespace
-* `kube-system` The namespace for objects created by the Kubernetes system
-* `kube-public` This namespace is created automatically and is readable by all users (including those not authenticated). This namespace is mostly reserved for cluster usage, in case that some resources should be visible and readable publicly throughout the whole cluster. The public aspect of this namespace is only a convention, not a requirement.
-* `kube-node-lease` This namespace for the lease objects associated with each node which improves the performance of the node heartbeats as the cluster scales.
+   * `default` The default namespace for objects with no other namespace
+   * `kube-system` The namespace for objects created by the Kubernetes system
+   * `kube-public` This namespace is created automatically and is readable by all users (including those not authenticated). This namespace is mostly reserved for cluster usage, in case that some resources should be visible and readable publicly throughout the whole cluster. The public aspect of this namespace is only a convention, not a requirement.
+   * `kube-node-lease` This namespace holds [Lease](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/lease-v1/)
+      objects associated with each node. Node leases allow the kubelet to send
+      [heartbeats](/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#heartbeats) so that the control plane
+      can detect node failure.
 -->
 Kubernetes 会创建四个初始名字空间：
 
-* `default` 没有指明使用其它名字空间的对象所使用的默认名字空间
-* `kube-system` Kubernetes 系统创建对象所使用的名字空间
-* `kube-public` 这个名字空间是自动创建的，所有用户（包括未经过身份验证的用户）都可以读取它。
-  这个名字空间主要用于集群使用，以防某些资源在整个集群中应该是可见和可读的。
-  这个名字空间的公共方面只是一种约定，而不是要求。
-* `kube-node-lease` 此名字空间用于与各个节点相关的租期（Lease）对象；
-  此对象的设计使得集群规模很大时节点心跳检测性能得到提升。
+   * `default` 没有指明使用其它名字空间的对象所使用的默认名字空间
+   * `kube-system` Kubernetes 系统创建对象所使用的名字空间
+   * `kube-public` 这个名字空间是自动创建的，所有用户（包括未经过身份验证的用户）都可以读取它。
+      这个名字空间主要用于集群使用，以防某些资源在整个集群中应该是可见和可读的。
+      这个名字空间的公共方面只是一种约定，而不是要求。
+   * `kube-node-lease` 此名字空间用于与各个节点相关的
+     [租约（Lease）](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/lease-v1/)对象。
+      节点租期允许 kubelet 发送[心跳](/zh/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#heartbeats)，由此控制面能够检测到节点故障。
 
 <!--
 ### Setting the namespace for a request