[zh] update concept policy
Mayo
parent
383dbc251c
commit
93e202cd5f
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@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ weight: 40
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.20" state="stable" >}}
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<!--
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Kubernetes allow you to limit the number of process IDs (PIDs) that a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="Pod" text="Pod" >}} can use.
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Kubernetes allow you to limit the number of process IDs (PIDs) that a
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{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="Pod" text="Pod" >}} can use.
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You can also reserve a number of allocatable PIDs for each {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="node" text="node" >}}
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for use by the operating system and daemons (rather than by Pods).
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-->
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@ -155,8 +156,8 @@ gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
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Kubernetes allows you to limit the number of processes running in a Pod. You
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specify this limit at the node level, rather than configuring it as a resource
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limit for a particular Pod. Each Node can have a different PID limit.
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To configure the limit, you can specify the command line parameter
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`--pod-max-pids` to the kubelet, or set `PodPidsLimit` in the kubelet
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To configure the limit, you can specify the command line parameter `--pod-max-pids`
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to the kubelet, or set `PodPidsLimit` in the kubelet
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[configuration file](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/).
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-->
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## Pod 级别 PID 限制 {#pod-pid-limits}
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@ -183,9 +184,12 @@ the [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
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## PID based eviction
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You can configure kubelet to start terminating a Pod when it is misbehaving and consuming abnormal amount of resources.
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This feature is called eviction. You can [Configure Out of Resource Handling](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource) for various eviction signals.
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This feature is called eviction. You can
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[Configure Out of Resource Handling](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/)
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for various eviction signals.
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Use `pid.available` eviction signal to configure the threshold for number of PIDs used by Pod.
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You can set soft and hard eviction policies. However, even with the hard eviction policy, if the number of PIDs growing very fast,
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You can set soft and hard eviction policies.
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However, even with the hard eviction policy, if the number of PIDs growing very fast,
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node can still get into unstable state by hitting the node PIDs limit.
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Eviction signal value is calculated periodically and does NOT enforce the limit.
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-->
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@ -219,9 +223,10 @@ Pod 行为不正常而没有 PID 可用。
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<!--
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- Refer to the [PID Limiting enhancement document](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/097b4d8276bc9564e56adf72505d43ce9bc5e9e8/keps/sig-node/20190129-pid-limiting.md) for more information.
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- For historical context, read [Process ID Limiting for Stability Improvements in Kubernetes 1.14](/blog/2019/04/15/process-id-limiting-for-stability-improvements-in-kubernetes-1.14/).
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- For historical context, read
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[Process ID Limiting for Stability Improvements in Kubernetes 1.14](/blog/2019/04/15/process-id-limiting-for-stability-improvements-in-kubernetes-1.14/).
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- Read [Managing Resources for Containers](/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/).
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- Learn how to [Configure Out of Resource Handling](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource).
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- Learn how to [Configure Out of Resource Handling](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/).
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-->
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- 参阅 [PID 约束改进文档](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/097b4d8276bc9564e56adf72505d43ce9bc5e9e8/keps/sig-node/20190129-pid-limiting.md)
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以了解更多信息。
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@ -229,5 +234,5 @@ Pod 行为不正常而没有 PID 可用。
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[Kubernetes 1.14 中限制进程 ID 以提升稳定性](/blog/2019/04/15/process-id-limiting-for-stability-improvements-in-kubernetes-1.14/)
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的博文。
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- 请阅读[为容器管理资源](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/)。
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- 学习如何[配置资源不足情况的处理](/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource)。
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- 学习如何[配置资源不足情况的处理](/zh/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/node-pressure-eviction/)。
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@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ weight: 30
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.21" state="deprecated" >}}
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<!--
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PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated as of Kubernetes v1.21, and will be removed in v1.25.
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PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated as of Kubernetes v1.21, and will be removed in v1.25. For more information on the deprecation,
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see [PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/).
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-->
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PodSecurityPolicy 在 Kubernetes v1.21 版本中被弃用，将在 v1.25 中删除。
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关于弃用的更多信息，请查阅 [PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/)。
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<!--
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Pod Security Policies enable fine-grained authorization of pod creation and
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@ -92,17 +94,16 @@ _Pod 安全策略_ 由设置和策略组成，它们能够控制 Pod 访问的
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<!--
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## Enabling Pod Security Policies
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Pod security policy control is implemented as an optional (but recommended)
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[admission
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controller](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#podsecuritypolicy). PodSecurityPolicies
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are enforced by [enabling the admission
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Pod security policy control is implemented as an optional [admission
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controller](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#podsecuritypolicy).
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PodSecurityPolicies are enforced by [enabling the admission
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controller](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#how-do-i-turn-on-an-admission-control-plug-in),
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but doing so without authorizing any policies **will prevent any pods from being
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created** in the cluster.
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but doing so without authorizing any policies **will prevent any pods from being created** in the
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cluster.
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-->
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## 启用 Pod 安全策略
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Pod 安全策略实现为一种可选（但是建议启用）的
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Pod 安全策略实现为一种可选的
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[准入控制器](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#podsecuritypolicy)。
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[启用了准入控制器](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#how-do-i-turn-on-an-admission-control-plug-in)
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即可强制实施 Pod 安全策略，不过如果没有授权认可策略之前即启用
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@ -206,7 +207,11 @@ roleRef:
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name: <role name>
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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subjects:
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# Authorize specific service accounts:
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# Authorize all service accounts in a namespace (recommended):
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- kind: Group
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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name: system:serviceaccounts:<authorized namespace>
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# Authorize specific service accounts (not recommended):
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: <authorized service account name>
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namespace: <authorized pod namespace>
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@ -222,20 +227,24 @@ subjects:
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: <绑定名称>
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name: <binding name>
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: <角色名称>
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name: <role name>
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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subjects:
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# 授权特定的服务账号
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# 授权命名空间下的所有服务账号（推荐）：
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- kind: Group
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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name: system:serviceaccounts:<authorized namespace>
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# 授权特定的服务账号（不建议这样操作）：
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: <要授权的服务账号名称>
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name: <authorized service account name>
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namespace: <authorized pod namespace>
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# 授权特定的用户（不建议这样操作）
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# 授权特定的用户（不建议这样操作）：
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- kind: User
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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name: <要授权的用户名>
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name: <authorized user name>
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```
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<!--
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@ -279,6 +288,77 @@ For a complete example of authorizing a PodSecurityPolicy, see
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参阅[下文](#example)，查看对 PodSecurityPolicy 进行授权的完整示例。
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<!--
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### Recommended Practice
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PodSecurityPolicy is being replaced by a new, simplified `PodSecurity` {{< glossary_tooltip
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text="admission controller" term_id="admission-controller" >}}. For more details on this change, see
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[PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and
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Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/). Follow these
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guidelines to simplify migration from PodSecurityPolicy to the new admission controller:
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-->
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## 推荐实践 {#recommended-practice}
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PodSecurityPolicy 正在被一个新的、简化的 `PodSecurity` {{< glossary_tooltip
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text="准入控制器" term_id="admission-controller" >}}替代。
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有关此变更的更多详细信息，请参阅 [PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and
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Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/)。
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参照下述指导，简化从 PodSecurityPolicy 迁移到新的准入控制器步骤：
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<!--
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1. Limit your PodSecurityPolicies to the policies defined by the [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards):
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- {{< example file="policy/privileged-psp.yaml" >}}Privileged{{< /example >}}
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- {{< example file="policy/baseline-psp.yaml" >}}Baseline{{< /example >}}
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- {{< example file="policy/restricted-psp.yaml" >}}Restricted{{< /example >}}
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2. Only bind PSPs to entire namespaces, by using the `system:serviceaccounts:<namespace>` group
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(where `<namespace>` is the target namespace). For example:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
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# This cluster role binding allows all pods in the "development" namespace to use the baseline PSP.
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: psp-baseline-namespaces
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: psp-baseline
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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subjects:
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- kind: Group
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name: system:serviceaccounts:development
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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- kind: Group
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name: system:serviceaccounts:canary
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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```
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-->
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1. 将 PodSecurityPolicies 限制为 [Pod 安全性标准](/zh/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards)所定义的策略：
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- {{< example file="policy/privileged-psp.yaml" >}}Privileged{{< /example >}}
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- {{< example file="policy/baseline-psp.yaml" >}}Baseline{{< /example >}}
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- {{< example file="policy/restricted-psp.yaml" >}}Restricted{{< /example >}}
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2. 通过配置 `system:serviceaccounts:<namespace>` 组（`<namespace>` 是目标命名空间），仅将 PSP 绑定到整个命名空间。示例：
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```yaml
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
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# This cluster role binding allows all pods in the "development" namespace to use the baseline PSP.
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: psp-baseline-namespaces
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: psp-baseline
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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subjects:
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- kind: Group
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name: system:serviceaccounts:development
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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- kind: Group
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name: system:serviceaccounts:canary
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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```
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<!--
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### Troubleshooting
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- The [Controller Manager](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-controller-manager/) must be run
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@ -1230,10 +1310,17 @@ By default, all safe sysctls are allowed.
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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<!--
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- See [PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and
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Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/) to learn about
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the future of pod security policy.
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- See [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/) for policy recommendations.
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- Refer to [Pod Security Policy Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podsecuritypolicy-v1beta1-policy) for the api details.
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-->
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- 参阅 [PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and
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Future](/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future/)，了解 Pod 安全策略的未来。
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- 参阅[Pod 安全标准](/zh/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/)
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了解策略建议。
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- 阅读 [Pod 安全策略参考](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podsecuritypolicy-v1beta1-policy)了解 API 细节。
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@ -102,8 +102,9 @@ Neither contention nor changes to quota will affect already created resources.
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<!--
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## Enabling Resource Quota
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Resource Quota support is enabled by default for many Kubernetes distributions. It is
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enabled when the {{< glossary_tooltip text="API server" term_id="kube-apiserver" >}} `--enable-admission-plugins=` flag has `ResourceQuota` as
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Resource Quota support is enabled by default for many Kubernetes distributions. It is
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enabled when the {{< glossary_tooltip text="API server" term_id="kube-apiserver" >}}
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`--enable-admission-plugins=` flag has `ResourceQuota` as
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one of its arguments.
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-->
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## 启用资源配额
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@ -122,7 +123,9 @@ ResourceQuota in that namespace.
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<!--
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## Compute Resource Quota
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You can limit the total sum of [compute resources](/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/) that can be requested in a given namespace.
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You can limit the total sum of
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[compute resources](/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/)
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that can be requested in a given namespace.
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-->
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## 计算资源配额
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@ -249,7 +252,9 @@ In release 1.8, quota support for local ephemeral storage is added as an alpha f
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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When using a CRI container runtime, container logs will count against the ephemeral storage quota. This can result in the unexpected eviction of pods that have exhausted their storage quotas. Refer to [Logging Architecture](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) for details.
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When using a CRI container runtime, container logs will count against the ephemeral storage quota.
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This can result in the unexpected eviction of pods that have exhausted their storage quotas.
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Refer to [Logging Architecture](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) for details.
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-->
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如果所使用的是 CRI 容器运行时，容器日志会被计入临时存储配额。
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这可能会导致存储配额耗尽的 Pods 被意外地驱逐出节点。
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@ -382,7 +387,7 @@ Resources specified on the quota outside of the allowed set results in a validat
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| `NotTerminating` | Match pods where `.spec.activeDeadlineSeconds is nil` |
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| `BestEffort` | Match pods that have best effort quality of service. |
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| `NotBestEffort` | Match pods that do not have best effort quality of service. |
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| `PriorityClass` | Match pods that references the specified [priority class](/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption). |
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| `PriorityClass` | Match pods that references the specified [priority class](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption). |
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| `CrossNamespacePodAffinity` | Match pods that have cross-namespace pod [(anti)affinity terms](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node). |
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-->
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| 作用域 | 描述 |
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@ -391,7 +396,7 @@ Resources specified on the quota outside of the allowed set results in a validat
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| `NotTerminating` | 匹配所有 `spec.activeDeadlineSeconds` 是 nil 的 Pod。 |
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| `BestEffort` | 匹配所有 Qos 是 BestEffort 的 Pod。 |
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| `NotBestEffort` | 匹配所有 Qos 不是 BestEffort 的 Pod。 |
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| `PriorityClass` | 匹配所有引用了所指定的[优先级类](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption)的 Pods。 |
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| `PriorityClass` | 匹配所有引用了所指定的[优先级类](/zh/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption)的 Pods。 |
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| `CrossNamespacePodAffinity` | 匹配那些设置了跨名字空间 [（反）亲和性条件](/zh/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node)的 Pod。 |
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<!--
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@ -476,11 +481,11 @@ specified.
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.17" state="stable" >}}
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<!--
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Pods can be created at a specific [priority](/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption/#pod-priority).
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Pods can be created at a specific [priority](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/#pod-priority).
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You can control a pod's consumption of system resources based on a pod's priority, by using the `scopeSelector`
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field in the quota spec.
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-->
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Pod 可以创建为特定的[优先级](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption/#pod-priority)。
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Pod 可以创建为特定的[优先级](/zh/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/#pod-priority)。
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通过使用配额规约中的 `scopeSelector` 字段，用户可以根据 Pod 的优先级控制其系统资源消耗。
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<!--
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@ -489,7 +494,8 @@ A quota is matched and consumed only if `scopeSelector` in the quota spec select
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仅当配额规范中的 `scopeSelector` 字段选择到某 Pod 时，配额机制才会匹配和计量 Pod 的资源消耗。
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<!--
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When quota is scoped for priority class using `scopeSelector` field, quota object is restricted to track only following resources:
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When quota is scoped for priority class using `scopeSelector` field, quota object
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is restricted to track only following resources:
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-->
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如果配额对象通过 `scopeSelector` 字段设置其作用域为优先级类，则配额对象只能
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跟踪以下资源：
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@ -702,7 +708,7 @@ pods 0 10
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-->
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### 跨名字空间的 Pod 亲和性配额 {#cross-namespace-pod-affinity-quota}
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.21" state="alpha" >}}
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.22" state="beta" >}}
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<!--
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Operators can use `CrossNamespacePodAffinity` quota scope to limit which namespaces are allowed to
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@ -781,11 +787,11 @@ if the namespace where they are created have a resource quota object with
|
|||
或 `namespaceSelector` 的新 Pod。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
This feature is alpha and disabled by default. You can enable it by setting the
|
||||
This feature is beta and enabled by default. You can disable it using the
|
||||
[feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
|
||||
`PodAffinityNamespaceSelector` in both kube-apiserver and kube-scheduler.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
此功能特性处于 Alpha 阶段，默认被禁用。你可以通过为 kube-apiserver 和
|
||||
此功能特性处于 Beta 阶段，默认被禁用。你可以通过为 kube-apiserver 和
|
||||
kube-scheduler 设置
|
||||
[特性门控](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)
|
||||
`PodAffinityNamespaceSelector` 来启用此特性。
|
||||
|
|
@ -868,7 +874,7 @@ kubectl create -f ./object-counts.yaml --namespace=myspace
|
|||
kubectl get quota --namespace=myspace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```none
|
||||
NAME AGE
|
||||
compute-resources 30s
|
||||
object-counts 32s
|
||||
|
|
@ -878,7 +884,7 @@ object-counts 32s
|
|||
kubectl describe quota compute-resources --namespace=myspace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```none
|
||||
Name: compute-resources
|
||||
Namespace: myspace
|
||||
Resource Used Hard
|
||||
|
|
@ -894,7 +900,7 @@ requests.nvidia.com/gpu 0 4
|
|||
kubectl describe quota object-counts --namespace=myspace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```none
|
||||
Name: object-counts
|
||||
Namespace: myspace
|
||||
Resource Used Hard
|
||||
|
|
@ -1034,7 +1040,7 @@ Then, create a resource quota object in the `kube-system` namespace:
|
|||
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml -n kube-system
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```none
|
||||
resourcequota/pods-cluster-services created
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue