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Merge pull request #42925 from windsonsea/labely 

[zh] Sync manage-deployment.md and labels.md
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content/zh-cn/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment.md
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@ -16,15 +16,9 @@ weight: 40
<!--
You've deployed your application and exposed it via a service. Now what? Kubernetes provides a
number of tools to help you manage your application deployment, including scaling and updating.
Among the features that we will discuss in more depth are
[configuration files](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/) and
[labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/).
-->
你已经部署了应用并通过服务暴露它。然后呢？
Kubernetes 提供了一些工具来帮助管理你的应用部署，包括扩缩容和更新。
我们将更深入讨论的特性包括
[配置文件](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/)和
[标签](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)。
<!-- body -->
@ -261,100 +255,20 @@ If you're interested in learning more about `kubectl`, go ahead and read
-->
如果你有兴趣进一步学习关于 `kubectl` 的内容，请阅读[命令行工具（kubectl）](/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubectl/)。
<!--
## Using labels effectively
The examples we've used so far apply at most a single label to any resource. There are many
scenarios where multiple labels should be used to distinguish sets from one another.
-->
## 有效地使用标签 {#using-labels-effectively}
到目前为止我们使用的示例中的资源最多使用了一个标签。
在许多情况下，应使用多个标签来区分集合。
<!--
For instance, different applications would use different values for the `app` label, but a
multi-tier application, such as the [guestbook example](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/),
would additionally need to distinguish each tier. The frontend could carry the following labels:
-->
例如，不同的应用可能会为 `app` 标签设置不同的值。
但是，类似 [guestbook 示例](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/)
这样的多层应用，还需要区分每一层。前端可以带以下标签：
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: frontend
```
<!--
while the Redis master and slave would have different `tier` labels, and perhaps even an
additional `role` label:
-->
Redis 的主节点和从节点会有不同的 `tier` 标签，甚至还有一个额外的 `role` 标签：
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: backend
role: master
```
<!--
and
-->
以及
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: backend
role: slave
```
<!--
The labels allow us to slice and dice our resources along any dimension specified by a label:
-->
标签允许我们按照标签指定的任何维度对我们的资源进行切片和切块：
```shell
kubectl apply -f examples/guestbook/all-in-one/guestbook-all-in-one.yaml
kubectl get pods -Lapp -Ltier -Lrole
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE APP TIER ROLE
guestbook-fe-4nlpb 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-fe-ght6d 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-fe-jpy62 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-redis-master-5pg3b 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend master
guestbook-redis-slave-2q2yf 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend slave
guestbook-redis-slave-qgazl 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend slave
my-nginx-divi2 1/1 Running 0 29m nginx <none> <none>
my-nginx-o0ef1 1/1 Running 0 29m nginx <none> <none>
```
```shell
kubectl get pods -lapp=guestbook,role=slave
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
guestbook-redis-slave-2q2yf 1/1 Running 0 3m
guestbook-redis-slave-qgazl 1/1 Running 0 3m
```
<!--
## Canary deployments
-->
## 金丝雀部署（Canary Deployments） {#canary-deployments}
<!--TODO: make a task out of this for canary deployment, ref #42786-->
<!--
Another scenario where multiple labels are needed is to distinguish deployments of different
releases or configurations of the same component. It is common practice to deploy a *canary* of a
new application release (specified via image tag in the pod template) side by side with the
previous release so that the new release can receive live production traffic before fully rolling
it out.
-->
## 金丝雀部署（Canary Deployments） {#canary-deployments}
另一个需要多标签的场景是用来区分同一组件的不同版本或者不同配置的多个部署。
常见的做法是部署一个使用*金丝雀发布*来部署新应用版本
（在 Pod 模板中通过镜像标签指定），保持新旧版本应用同时运行。
@ -432,61 +346,6 @@ For a more concrete example, check the
想要了解更具体的示例，请查看
[Ghost 部署教程](https://github.com/kelseyhightower/talks/tree/master/kubecon-eu-2016/demo#deploy-a-canary)。
<!--
## Updating labels
Sometimes existing pods and other resources need to be relabeled before creating new resources.
This can be done with `kubectl label`.
For example, if you want to label all your nginx pods as frontend tier, run:
-->
## 更新标签 {#updating-labels}
有时，现有的 pod 和其它资源需要在创建新资源之前重新标记。
这可以用 `kubectl label` 完成。
例如，如果想要将所有 nginx pod 标记为前端层，运行：
```shell
kubectl label pods -l app=nginx tier=fe
```
```none
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-j5fhi labeled
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-u2c7e labeled
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-u3t6x labeled
```
<!--
This first filters all pods with the label "app=nginx", and then labels them with the "tier=fe".
To see the pods you labeled, run:
-->
首先用标签 "app=nginx" 过滤所有的 Pod，然后用 "tier=fe" 标记它们。
想要查看你刚才标记的 Pod，请运行：
```shell
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -L tier
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE TIER
my-nginx-2035384211-j5fhi 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
my-nginx-2035384211-u2c7e 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
my-nginx-2035384211-u3t6x 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
```
<!--
This outputs all "app=nginx" pods, with an additional label column of pods' tier (specified with
`-L` or `--label-columns`).
For more information, please see [labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)
and [kubectl label](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#label).
-->
这将输出所有 "app=nginx" 的 Pod，并有一个额外的描述 Pod 的 tier 的标签列
（用参数 `-L` 或者 `--label-columns` 标明）。
想要了解更多信息，请参考[标签](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)和
[`kubectl label`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#label)
命令文档。
<!--
## Updating annotations

140
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@ -495,6 +495,144 @@ a pod can schedule. See the documentation on
通过标签进行选择的一个用例是确定节点集，方便 Pod 调度。
有关更多信息，请参阅[选择节点](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/)文档。
<!--
## Using labels effectively
The examples we've used so far apply at most a single label to any resource. There are many
scenarios where multiple labels should be used to distinguish sets from one another.
-->
## 有效地使用标签 {#using-labels-effectively}
到目前为止我们使用的示例中的资源最多使用了一个标签。
在许多情况下，应使用多个标签来区分不同集合。
<!--
For instance, different applications would use different values for the `app` label, but a
multi-tier application, such as the [guestbook example](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/),
would additionally need to distinguish each tier. The frontend could carry the following labels:
-->
例如，不同的应用可能会为 `app` 标签设置不同的值。
但是，类似 [guestbook 示例](https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/guestbook/)
这样的多层应用，还需要区分每一层。前端可能会带有以下标签：
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: frontend
```
<!--
while the Redis master and replica would have different `tier` labels, and perhaps even an
additional `role` label:
-->
Redis 的主从节点会有不同的 `tier` 标签，甚至还有一个额外的 `role` 标签：
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: backend
role: master
```
<!--
and
-->
以及
```yaml
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: backend
role: replica
```
<!--
The labels allow us to slice and dice our resources along any dimension specified by a label:
-->
标签使得我们能够按照所指定的任何维度对我们的资源进行切片和切块：
```shell
kubectl apply -f examples/guestbook/all-in-one/guestbook-all-in-one.yaml
kubectl get pods -Lapp -Ltier -Lrole
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE APP TIER ROLE
guestbook-fe-4nlpb 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-fe-ght6d 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-fe-jpy62 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook frontend <none>
guestbook-redis-master-5pg3b 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend master
guestbook-redis-replica-2q2yf 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend replica
guestbook-redis-replica-qgazl 1/1 Running 0 1m guestbook backend replica
my-nginx-divi2 1/1 Running 0 29m nginx <none> <none>
my-nginx-o0ef1 1/1 Running 0 29m nginx <none> <none>
```
```shell
kubectl get pods -lapp=guestbook,role=replica
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
guestbook-redis-replica-2q2yf 1/1 Running 0 3m
guestbook-redis-replica-qgazl 1/1 Running 0 3m
```
<!--
## Updating labels
Sometimes existing pods and other resources need to be relabeled before creating new resources.
This can be done with `kubectl label`.
For example, if you want to label all your nginx pods as frontend tier, run:
-->
## 更新标签 {#updating-labels}
有时需要要在创建新资源之前对现有的 Pod 和其它资源重新打标签。
这可以用 `kubectl label` 完成。
例如，如果想要将所有 NGINX Pod 标记为前端层，运行：
```shell
kubectl label pods -l app=nginx tier=fe
```
```none
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-j5fhi labeled
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-u2c7e labeled
pod/my-nginx-2035384211-u3t6x labeled
```
<!--
This first filters all pods with the label "app=nginx", and then labels them with the "tier=fe".
To see the pods you labeled, run:
-->
首先用标签 "app=nginx" 过滤所有的 Pod，然后用 "tier=fe" 标记它们。
想要查看你刚设置了标签的 Pod，请运行：
```shell
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -L tier
```
```none
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE TIER
my-nginx-2035384211-j5fhi 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
my-nginx-2035384211-u2c7e 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
my-nginx-2035384211-u3t6x 1/1 Running 0 23m fe
```
<!--
This outputs all "app=nginx" pods, with an additional label column of pods' tier (specified with
`-L` or `--label-columns`).
For more information, please see [labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)
and [kubectl label](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#label).
-->
此命令将输出所有 "app=nginx" 的 Pod，并有一个额外的描述 Pod 所在分层的标签列
（用参数 `-L` 或者 `--label-columns` 标明）。
想要了解更多信息，请参考[标签](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/)和
[`kubectl label`](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#label)
命令文档。
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
<!--
@ -502,12 +640,10 @@ a pod can schedule. See the documentation on
- Find [Well-known labels, Annotations and Taints](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/)
- See [Recommended labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels/)
- [Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/enforce-standards-namespace-labels/)
- [Use Labels effectively](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively) to manage deployments.
- Read a blog on [Writing a Controller for Pod Labels](/blog/2021/06/21/writing-a-controller-for-pod-labels/)
-->
- 学习如何[给节点添加标签](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-pods-nodes/#add-a-label-to-a-node)
- 查阅[众所周知的标签、注解和污点](/zh-cn/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/)
- 参见[推荐使用的标签](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels/)
- [使用名字空间标签来实施 Pod 安全性标准](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/enforce-standards-namespace-labels/)
- [有效使用标签](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively)管理 Deployment。
- 阅读[为 Pod 标签编写控制器](/blog/2021/06/21/writing-a-controller-for-pod-labels/)的博文