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website
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resolving conflicts

pull/21827/head
Savitha Raghunathan 2020-06-16 17:08:15 -04:00
parent 3ad8c45b0b 13ca92d745
commit 7ddedb00a0
1497 changed files with 24525 additions and 14364 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

3
.gitmodules vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
[submodule "themes/docsy"]
path = themes/docsy
url = https://github.com/google/docsy.git

56
Makefile
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@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
DOCKER = docker
HUGO_VERSION = $(shell grep ^HUGO_VERSION netlify.toml | tail -n 1 | cut -d '=' -f 2 | tr -d " \"\n")
DOCKER_IMAGE = kubernetes-hugo
DOCKER_RUN = $(DOCKER) run --rm --interactive --tty --volume $(CURDIR):/src
NODE_BIN = node_modules/.bin
NETLIFY_FUNC = $(NODE_BIN)/netlify-lambda
HUGO_VERSION = $(shell grep ^HUGO_VERSION netlify.toml | tail -n 1 | cut -d '=' -f 2 | tr -d " \"\n")
NODE_BIN = node_modules/.bin
NETLIFY_FUNC = $(NODE_BIN)/netlify-lambda
# The CONTAINER_ENGINE variable is used for specifying the container engine. By default 'docker' is used
# but this can be overridden when calling make, e.g.
# CONTAINER_ENGINE=podman make container-image
CONTAINER_ENGINE ?= docker
CONTAINER_IMAGE = kubernetes-hugo
CONTAINER_RUN = $(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --rm --interactive --tty --volume $(CURDIR):/src
CCRED=\033[0;31m
CCEND=\033[0m
.PHONY: all build build-preview help serve
@ -36,16 +43,28 @@ serve: ## Boot the development server.
hugo server --buildFuture
docker-image:
$(DOCKER) build . \
--network=host \
--tag $(DOCKER_IMAGE) \
--build-arg HUGO_VERSION=$(HUGO_VERSION)
@echo -e "$(CCRED)**** The use of docker-image is deprecated. Use container-image instead. ****$(CCEND)"
$(MAKE) container-image
docker-build:
$(DOCKER_RUN) $(DOCKER_IMAGE) hugo
@echo -e "$(CCRED)**** The use of docker-build is deprecated. Use container-build instead. ****$(CCEND)"
$(MAKE) container-build
docker-serve:
$(DOCKER_RUN) --mount type=tmpfs,destination=/src/resources,tmpfs-mode=0755 -p 1313:1313 $(DOCKER_IMAGE) hugo server --buildFuture --bind 0.0.0.0
@echo -e "$(CCRED)**** The use of docker-serve is deprecated. Use container-serve instead. ****$(CCEND)"
$(MAKE) container-serve
container-image:
$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) build . \
--network=host \
--tag $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) \
--build-arg HUGO_VERSION=$(HUGO_VERSION)
container-build:
$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) hugo
container-serve:
$(CONTAINER_RUN) --mount type=tmpfs,destination=/src/resources,tmpfs-mode=0755 -p 1313:1313 $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) hugo server --buildFuture --bind 0.0.0.0
test-examples:
scripts/test_examples.sh install
@ -53,8 +72,13 @@ test-examples:
.PHONY: link-checker-setup
link-checker-image-pull:
docker pull wjdp/htmltest
$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) pull wjdp/htmltest
docker-internal-linkcheck:
@echo -e "$(CCRED)**** The use of docker-internal-linkcheck is deprecated. Use container-internal-linkcheck instead. ****$(CCEND)"
$(MAKE) container-internal-linkcheck
container-internal-linkcheck: link-checker-image-pull
$(CONTAINER_RUN) $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) hugo --config config.toml,linkcheck-config.toml --buildFuture
$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --mount type=bind,source=$(CURDIR),target=/test --rm wjdp/htmltest htmltest
docker-internal-linkcheck: link-checker-image-pull
$(DOCKER_RUN) $(DOCKER_IMAGE) hugo --config config.toml,linkcheck-config.toml --buildFuture
$(DOCKER) run --mount type=bind,source=$(CURDIR),target=/test --rm wjdp/htmltest htmltest

8
OWNERS_ALIASES
View File

@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ aliases:
- girikuncoro
- irvifa
- wahyuoi
- phanama
sig-docs-it-owners: # Admins for Italian content
- fabriziopandini
- mattiaperi
@ -133,15 +134,15 @@ aliases:
- mattiaperi
- micheleberardi
sig-docs-ja-owners: # Admins for Japanese content
- cstoku
# cstoku
- inductor
- nasa9084
sig-docs-ja-reviews: # PR reviews for Japanese content
- bells17
- cstoku
# cstoku
- inductor
- makocchi-git
- MasayaAoyama
# MasayaAoyama
- nasa9084
- oke-py
sig-docs-ko-owners: # Admins for Korean content
@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ aliases:
- MaxymVlasov
sig-docs-uk-reviews: # PR reviews for Ukrainian content
- anastyakulyk
- Arhell
- butuzov
- idvoretskyi
- MaxymVlasov

1
README.md
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ To run the website locally when you have Hugo installed:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/website.git
cd website
git submodule update --init --recursive
hugo server --buildFuture
```

110
assets/images/nav_logo.svg Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
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viewBox="0 0 503.1 89.5" style="enable-background:new 0 0 503.1 89.5;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st0{fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:5;stroke-miterlimit:10;}
.st1{fill:#326DE6;}
.st2{fill:#FFFFFF;}
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<title>Kubernetes_Logo_Hrz_lockup_REV</title>
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</svg>
Side by Side

After

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36
assets/js/search.js Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
/*
Copyright 2018 Google LLC
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
(function ($) {
"use strict";
var Search = {
init: function () {
$(document).ready(function () {
$(document).on("keypress", ".td-search-input", function (e) {
if (e.keyCode !== 13) {
return;
}
var query = $(this).val();
var searchPage = "{{ "docs/search/" | absURL }}?q=" + query;
document.location = searchPage;
return false;
});
});
},
};
Search.init();
})(jQuery);

834
assets/scss/_base.scss Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,834 @@
@import "reset";
// header
$full-width-paddingX: 20px;
$main-width: 100%;
$main-max-width: 100%;
$header-height: 80px;
$logo-width: 180px;
$nav-buttons-margin-left: 30px;
$hamburger-size: 50px;
// main nav
$main-nav-padding: 140px 0 30px;
$main-nav-h5-margin-bottom: 1em;
$main-nav-h3-margin-bottom: 0.6em;
$nav-box-width: 20%;
$nav-box-sibling-margin-left: calc(20% / 3);
$main-nav-main-sibling-margin-top: 60px;
$main-nav-left-button-size: 50px;
$main-nav-left-button-font-size: 18px;
// hero
$hero-padding-top: 80px;
$headline-wrapper-margin-bottom: 40px;
$quickstart-button-padding: 0 50px;
$vendor-strip-height: 88px;
$vendor-strip-font-size: 16px;
// video
$video-section-height: 200px;
@import "size";
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
body {
background-color: white;
}
section {
position: relative;
background-color: white;
}
section,
header,
footer {
.main-section {
position: relative;
margin: auto;
}
p {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 400;
}
.button {
display: inline-block;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 0 20px;
line-height: 40px;
color: white;
background-color: $blue;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 1rem;
}
#cellophane {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: none;
}
}
// HEADER
#hamburger {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
margin-left: auto;
vertical-align: middle;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
background: none;
div,
&:before,
&:after {
position: absolute;
left: 15%;
width: 70%;
height: 2px;
background-color: $blue;
transition: 0.3s;
content: "";
}
div {
top: calc(50% - 1px);
}
&:before {
top: 24%;
}
&:after {
bottom: 24%;
}
&:hover {
div,
&:before,
&:after {
background-color: white;
}
}
}
// HERO
.header-hero {
background-image: url(/images/texture.png);
background-color: $dark-grey;
text-align: center;
padding-left: 0;
padding-right: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
position: relative;
&.bot-bar:after {
display: block;
margin-bottom: -24px;
height: 8px;
width: 100%;
background-color: transparentize(white, 0.9);
content: "";
}
&.no-sub {
h5 {
display: none;
}
h1 {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
}
}
.td-home .header-hero:after {
display: none;
}
.header-hero {
background-color: $dark-grey;
h5 {
margin: 20px 0;
line-height: 28px;
}
}
#vendorStrip {
position: relative;
ul {
float: left;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
}
a {
display: block;
height: 100%;
color: white;
font-size: 0.75em;
font-weight: bold;
}
li + li {
margin-left: 0;
}
}
.pi-accordion {
& > .container:first-child > .item:first-child > .title:first-child {
padding-left: 0;
font-size: 1.5em;
font-weight: 700;
}
& > .container:first-child > .item.yah:first-child > .title:first-child {
margin-left: -20px !important;
}
.item {
overflow: hidden;
}
.title {
color: $dark-grey;
position: relative;
padding: 7.5px 10px 7.5px 18px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: 0.3s;
&:hover {
color: $blue;
}
}
a.item > .title {
color: black;
&:hover {
color: $blue;
}
}
div.item > .title {
&:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 12px;
left: 2px;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 5px 0 5px 8px;
border-color: transparent transparent transparent $blue;
transform: rotate(0deg);
transition: 0.3s;
}
}
.wrapper {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
transition: height 0.3s;
}
.content {
padding-left: 20px;
opacity: 0;
transition: 0.3s;
}
.item.on {
& > .title:before {
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
& > .wrapper > .content {
opacity: 1;
}
}
}
dt {
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
dd {
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.pi-pushmenu {
display: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.3s;
&.on {
opacity: 1;
}
.overlay {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}
.sled {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
width: 0;
height: 100%;
background-color: white;
overflow: auto;
transition: 0.3s;
}
&.on .sled {
width: 400px;
max-width: 100vw;
}
.top-bar {
height: 0;
line-height: 60px;
background-color: #444;
}
ul {
margin-top: 25px;
}
li {
position: relative;
display: block;
width: 100%;
min-height: 45px;
padding: 0 60px 0 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
}
a {
display: inline-block;
width: 100%;
height: 45px;
line-height: 45px;
font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
font-size: 20px;
color: $blue;
}
.button {
background: none;
padding: 0;
}
ul ul {
padding: 0 20px;
li {
min-height: 40px;
}
a {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
font-size: 18px;
color: lighten(#222222, 20%);
}
}
}
.push-menu-close-button {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
&:before,
&:after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 1px);
left: 25%;
width: 50%;
height: 2px;
background-color: black;
}
&:before {
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
&:after {
transform: rotate(-45deg);
}
}
// ocean nodes
$ocean-nodes-padding-Y: 60px;
$ocean-nodes-main-margin-bottom: 60px;
$ocean-nodes-h3-margin-bottom: 30px;
// video
$video-section-height: 200px;
// features
$features-h3-margin-bottom: 20px;
$feature-box-div-width: 100%;
$feature-box-margin-bottom: 0;
$feature-box-div-margin-bottom: 40px;
// Home-specific
.td-home {
&.flip-nav,
&.open-nav {
.logo {
background-image: url(/images/nav_logo2.svg);
}
}
}
.header-hero {
margin-bottom: 0;
padding-bottom: 1px;
.main-section {
padding: 0 10px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
#vendorStrip {
display: none;
}
}
// Add logo to CNCF section
section#cncf {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 140px;
background-image: url(/images/cncf-color.svg);
background-position: center 100px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 300px;
}
// OCEAN NODES
#oceanNodes {
padding-top: $ocean-nodes-padding-Y;
padding-bottom: $ocean-nodes-padding-Y;
a {
color: $blue;
}
.main-section {
margin-bottom: $ocean-nodes-padding-Y;
min-height: 160px;
}
.image-wrapper {
max-width: 75%;
margin: 0 auto 20px;
text-align: center;
img {
width: 100%;
max-width: 160px;
}
}
.main-section:first-child {
.image-wrapper {
max-width: 100%;
img {
max-width: 491px;
}
}
}
h3 {
margin-bottom: $ocean-nodes-h3-margin-bottom;
}
}
// Video thingy
#video {
height: $video-section-height;
}
#video {
width: 100%;
position: relative;
background-position: center center;
background-size: cover;
& > .light-text {
display: none;
// position: absolute;
// top: 50%;
// left: 75%;
width: 500px;
padding-top: 2rem;
// transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
color: white;
}
h2 {
font-size: 32px;
line-height: 44px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
p {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
#desktopKCButton {
position: relative;
font-size: 18px;
background-color: $dark-grey;
border-radius: 8px;
color: $white;
padding: 20px 10px 20px 10px;
}
#desktopShowVideoButton {
position: relative;
font-size: 24px;
background-color: white;
border-radius: 8px;
color: $blue;
padding: 15px 30px 15px 80px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
&:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
@include pureCenter(40px);
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 10px 0 10px 20px;
border-color: transparent transparent transparent $blue;
}
}
#mobileShowVideoButton {
@include pureCenter;
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: transparent;
border: 5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
overflow: visible;
&:after {
@include pureCenter;
left: 40px;
content: "";
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 20px 0 20px 30px;
border-color: transparent transparent transparent #ffffff;
}
}
}
#videoPlayer {
@include fullScreen;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
display: none;
iframe {
@include pureCenter;
@include maintain-aspect-ratio;
}
#closeButton {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
right: 20px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border: 2px solid transparent;
transition: 0.3s;
&:before,
&:after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: calc(50% - 1px);
left: 10%;
width: 80%;
height: 2px;
background-color: white;
}
&:before {
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
&:after {
transform: rotate(-45deg);
}
&:hover {
border-color: white;
}
}
}
// KubeWeekly
#kubeweekly {
background-color: $light-grey;
padding-top: 30px;
padding-bottom: 80px;
background-size: auto;
// font-family: "Roboto Mono", monospace !important;
font-size: 24px;
// font-weight: bold;
h5 {
font-size: 20px;
}
}
.subscribe-button {
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 0 20px;
line-height: 31px;
color: white;
background-color: blue;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
}
// Features
#features {
padding-top: 140px;
background-color: $light-grey;
background-image: url(/images/wheel.svg);
background-position: center 60px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 60px;
}
.feature-box {
//padding: 50px 0
width: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both;
h4 {
line-height: normal;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
& > div:first-child {
float: left;
}
& > div:last-child {
float: right;
}
}
#features {
h3 {
margin-bottom: $features-h3-margin-bottom;
}
.feature-box {
margin-bottom: $feature-box-margin-bottom;
& > div {
width: $feature-box-div-width;
margin-bottom: $feature-box-div-margin-bottom;
}
}
}
// Talk to us
#talkToUs {
h3,
h4 {
text-align: center;
}
h3 {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
h4 {
line-height: normal;
margin-bottom: 50px;
br {
display: none;
}
}
#bigSocial {
overflow: hidden;
div {
width: 100%;
float: left;
padding: 30px;
padding-top: 110px;
background-position: center top;
background-size: auto;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
div:nth-child(1) {
background-image: url(/images/twitter_icon.png);
}
div:nth-child(2) {
background-image: url(/images/github_icon.png);
}
div:nth-child(3) {
background-image: url(/images/slack_icon.png);
}
div:nth-child(4) {
background-image: url(/images/stackoverflow_icon.png);
}
div + div {
margin-top: 20px;
margin-left: 0;
}
a {
display: inline-block;
color: $blue;
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: 400;
text-decoration: none;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
a,
p {
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
}
}
.td-home {
#talkToUs {
.main-section {
padding: 30px 0;
}
h5 {
font-size: 20px;
}
}
#caseStudiesWrapper {
position: relative;
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 30px;
img {
padding-bottom: 1rem;
}
div {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
width: 100%;
min-height: 230px;
margin-bottom: 60px;
padding-right: 1rem;
background-position: top center;
}
p {
font-size: 20px;
}
a {
position: absolute;
bottom: -30px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
color: $blue;
font-weight: 400;
}
}
}
// Docs specific
#editPageButton {
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
right: 25px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
border-radius: 50%;
white-space: nowrap;
text-indent: 50px;
overflow: hidden;
background: $blue url(/images/icon-pencil.svg) no-repeat;
background-position: 12px 10px;
background-size: 29px 29px;
}
.feedback--response__hidden {
display: none;
}
// GitHub info/edit buttons
#pre-footer {
margin-top: 2rem;
.button {
font-size: 1.1rem;
&:first-of-type {
margin-right: 0.75rem;
}
}
.lastedit {
margin-top: 1rem;
font-size: 1rem;
}
}

142
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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
// SASS for Case Studies pages go here:
hr {
background-color: #999999;
}
h2 {
margin-bottom: 15px !important;
}
.subhead {
padding-bottom: 2% !important;
padding-top: 0% !important;
}
.details {
margin-left: 1.9%;
padding-right: 5%;
font-size: 16px !important;
padding-bottom: 2% !important;
}
.section1 {
margin-bottom: 3%;
.cols {
width: 80% !important;
margin-left: 6.8%;
padding-top: 1.5%;
.col1 {
width: 52% !important;
font-weight: 300 !important;
}
.col2 {
width: 46% !important;
}
}
}
.banner2text {
width: 63%;
padding-top: 10%;
padding-left: 0% !important;
float: initial !important;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
}
.banner3text,
.banner4text,
.banner5text {
width: 63%;
padding-left: 0% !important;
float: initial !important;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
}
.fullcol {
float: initial !important;
}
body footer {
background-color: #585858 !important;
}
.section1 {
float: left !important;
}
.banner1 {
padding-left: 11.9% !important;
}
.banner2 {
float: initial !important;
padding-bottom: 2% !important;
}
footer {
padding: 0% 7%;
}
.banner4,
.banner3,
.banner5 {
float: initial !important;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 910px) {
.banner2text {
width: 47%;
padding-top: 45%;
}
.details {
margin-left: 0%;
margin-bottom: 3%;
}
.subhead {
padding-bottom: 0% !important;
padding-top: 0% !important;
}
.banner3 {
width: 100% !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 780px) {
.section1 .cols {
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0%;
padding-top: 5%;
.col1,
.col2 {
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0% !important;
.fullcol {
width: 90% !important;
margin-left: 5% !important;
.banner1 {
padding-left: 10% !important;
margin-bottom: 6% !important;
.banner2text {
padding-top: 60% !important;
padding-bottom: 2% !important;
}
}
}
}
}
}

386
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@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
/* GLOBAL */
.td-main {
.row {
margin: 0;
}
main {
img {
max-width: 100%;
}
table {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
display: initial;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
padding-top: 2rem !important;
}
}
}
section {
.main-section {
@media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
max-width: 1200px;
}
}
}
.td-outer {
padding: 0 !important;
}
#desktopShowVideoButton {
border: none
}
#videoPlayer {
#closeButton {
background: transparent;
}
}
/* HEADER */
.td-navbar {
position: fixed !important;
width: 100%;
padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
background: transparent !important;
transition: 0.3s;
.navbar-brand {
position: absolute;
width: 45px;
height: 44px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: contain;
background-image: url("/images/favicon.png");
}
#hamburger {
&:focus {
outline: none;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
.navbar-brand {
background-image: url("/images/nav_logo.svg");
top: 1.5rem;
width: 180px;
margin-left: 1rem;
}
}
}
.td-navbar-nav-scroll {
overflow: visible !important;
display: none;
.navbar-nav {
overflow: visible !important;
position: relative;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-evenly;
.nav-item {
position: relative;
height: 10%;
.active::after {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 2px;
content: "";
bottom: -4px;
left: 0;
background: #fff;
}
.dropdown-menu {
left: -80px;
}
&.dropdown:hover {
color: $medium-grey;
}
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
display: block;
margin-top: 3.5rem !important;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1075px) {
margin-top: 1.5rem !important;
}
}
// Flip-Nav
.flip-nav .td-navbar {
background-color: white !important;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px $medium-grey;
.navbar-nav {
.nav-item {
&.show .nav-link,
.nav-link {
color: $dark-grey;
&:hover {
color: $medium-grey;
}
}
.dropdown {
&:hover {
color: $medium-grey;
}
}
}
}
.navbar-nav .nav-item .active {
color: $dark-grey;
&::after {
background: $dark-grey;
}
}
#hamburger:hover {
div,
&:before,
&:after {
background-color: $dark-grey;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
.navbar-brand {
background-image: url("/images/nav_logo2.svg");
}
}
}
/* FOOTER */
footer {
background-color: #303030;
background-image: url("/images/texture.png");
padding: 1rem !important;
min-height: initial !important;
.footer__links {
width: 100%;
margin: auto;
padding-bottom: 1rem;
nav a {
display: block;
text-align: center;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
nav {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: space-around;
}
}
}
small {
color: $light-grey;
font-size: 0.64rem;
a {
text-decoration: inherit;
color: inherit;
&:hover {
color: inherit;
}
}
}
}
/* SIDE-DRAWER MENU */
.pi-pushmenu .sled {
.content ul {
padding: 0;
li {
&:first-child {
display: none;
}
a.nav-link {
padding: 0;
}
}
}
.push-menu-close-button {
background: transparent;
border: none;
&:focus {
outline: none;
}
}
}
/* DOCS */
.launch-cards {
button {
cursor: pointer;
box-sizing: border-box;
background: none;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
ul,
li {
list-style: none;
padding-left: 0;
}
}
// table of contents
.td-toc {
padding-top: 1.5rem !important;
top: 5rem !important;
#TableOfContents {
padding-top: 1rem;
}
}
// blockquotes and callouts
blockquote {
padding: 0.4rem 0.4rem 0.4rem 1rem !important;
}
// callouts are contained in static CSS as well. these require override.
.caution {
border-left-color: #f0ad4e !important;
}
.note {
border-left-color: #428bca !important;
}
.warning {
border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
}
// search & sidebar
.td-sidebar {
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
padding-top: 1.5rem !important;
.td-sidebar__inner {
top: 8.5rem;
@media only screen and (min-width: 1075px) {
top: 6.5rem;
}
}
}
}
.td-sidebar__inner {
form.td-sidebar__search {
button.td-sidebar__toggle {
&:hover {
color: $white;
}
color: $blue;
}
}
}
.no-underline {
text-decoration: none !important;
}
.hide {
display: none !important;
}
.td-sidebar-link__page {
&#m-docs-search {
display: none;
}
&#m-docs-test {
display: none;
}
}
//Tutorials
main.content {
position: inherit;
}
/* BLOG */
.td-blog {
.td-sidebar-nav {
max-height: calc(100vh - 8rem);
}
.widget-link {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
.svg-inline--fa {
width: 25px;
}
span {
margin-left: 0.5rem;
}
}
}
/* COMMUNITY */
.newcommunitywrapper {
.news {
margin-left: 0;
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
margin-left: 10%;
}
}
}
/* CASE-STUDIES */
// Many of the case studies have small variations in markup and styles;
// some issues cannot be addressed due to inlined !important rules.
#caseStudies {
section .cols {
margin-left: 11%;
div {
width: initial !important;
h2 {
margin-top: 1rem;
}
}
}
}

99
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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
$main-max-width: 1200px;
$vendor-strip-height: 44px;
$video-section-height: 550px;
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
.td-home {
.header-hero {
#vendorStrip {
display: block;
}
}
}
.td-home {
section,
header,
footer {
.main-section {
max-width: 1000px;
}
}
}
#oceanNodes {
.main-section {
position: relative;
&:nth-child(1) {
max-width: 1000px;
padding-right: 475px;
h3,
p {
text-align: left
}
.image-wrapper {
position: absolute;
max-width: 48%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
img {
width: 425px;
}
}
}
}
#video {
height: $video-section-height;
position: relative;
background-position: center center;
background-size: cover;
&>.light-text {
margin-right: 10%;
}
}
#talkToUs {
h4 {
br {
display: block;
}
}
#bigSocial {
div {
width: calc(25% - 18px);
}
div+div {
margin-left: 20px;
}
}
.td-home #bigSocial {
div {
width: calc(33% - 15px);
}
div:nth-child(3) {
margin-top: inherit;
}
}
}
.td-home #caseStudiesWrapper {
div {
width: 24%;
min-height: 260px;
}
}
}

49
assets/scss/_reset.scss Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
// CONVENIENCE
.clear {
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.light-text {
color: white;
}
.right {
float: right;
}
.left {
float: left;
}
.center {
text-align: center;
}
//mixins
@mixin fullScreen {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
}
@mixin pureCenter($left: 50%, $top: 50%) {
position: absolute;
top: $top;
left: $left;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
@mixin maintain-aspect-ratio(
$width-factor: 16,
$height-factor: 9,
$target-width: 80vw,
$target-height: 80vh
) {
width: $target-width;
height: $target-width * ($height-factor / $width-factor);
max-width: $target-height * ($width-factor / $height-factor);
max-height: $target-height;
}

20
assets/scss/_size.scss Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
section,
#vendorStrip {
padding-left: $full-width-paddingX;
padding-right: $full-width-paddingX;
}
#hamburger {
width: $hamburger-size;
height: $hamburger-size;
}
.header-hero {
padding-top: $hero-padding-top;
}
#vendorStrip {
height: $vendor-strip-height;
line-height: $vendor-strip-height;
font-size: $vendor-strip-font-size;
}

5
assets/scss/_skin.scss Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
$blue: #3371e3;
$light-grey: #f7f7f7;
$dark-grey: #303030;
$medium-grey: #4c4c4c;
$white: #ffffff;

211
assets/scss/_tablet.scss Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
// header
$full-width-paddingX: 20px;
$main-width: 100%;
$main-max-width: 100%;
$header-height: 80px;
$logo-width: 180px;
$nav-buttons-margin-left: 30px;
$hamburger-size: 50px;
// main nav
$main-nav-padding: 140px 0 30px;
$main-nav-h5-margin-bottom: 1em;
$main-nav-h3-margin-bottom: 0.6em;
$nav-box-width: 20%;
$nav-box-sibling-margin-left: calc(20% / 3);
$main-nav-main-sibling-margin-top: 60px;
$main-nav-left-button-size: 50px;
$main-nav-left-button-font-size: 18px;
// hero
$hero-padding-top: 136px;
$headline-wrapper-margin-bottom: 40px;
$quickstart-button-padding: 0 50px;
$vendor-strip-font-size: 16px;
//video
$video-section-height: 400px;
//features
$features-h3-margin-bottom: 40px;
$feature-box-margin-bottom: 60px;
$feature-box-div-margin-bottom: 0;
$feature-box-div-width: 45%;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
@import "size";
#hamburger {
display: none;
}
.td-home {
#viewDocs,
#tryKubernetes {
display: inline-block;
}
}
#vendorStrip {
display: block;
text-align: center;
img {
max-height: 24px;
vertical-align: middle;
margin: 0 30px;
}
}
#oceanNodes {
h3 {
text-align: left;
margin-bottom: 18px;
}
main,
.main-section {
position: relative;
clear: both;
display: table;
height: 160px;
.content {
display: table-cell;
position: relative;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.image-wrapper {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
max-width: 25%;
max-height: 100%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
&:nth-child(odd) {
padding-right: 210px;
.image-wrapper {
right: 0;
}
}
&:nth-child(even) {
padding-left: 210px;
.image-wrapper {
left: 0;
}
}
&:nth-child(1) {
padding-right: 0;
h3,
p {
text-align: center;
}
.image-wrapper {
position: relative;
display: block;
float: none;
max-width: 100%;
transform: none;
}
.content {
display: block;
}
}
img {
width: 100%;
}
}
}
#video {
height: $video-section-height;
display: block;
height: 500px;
& > .light-text {
display: block;
float: right;
text-align: left;
margin-right: 5%;
}
}
#mobileShowVideoButton {
display: none;
}
#features {
padding-bottom: 60px;
.feature-box {
margin-bottom: 30px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
h3 {
margin-bottom: $features-h3-margin-bottom;
}
.feature-box {
& > div {
width: $feature-box-div-width;
margin-bottom: $feature-box-div-margin-bottom;
}
}
}
#talkToUs {
#bigSocial {
div {
width: calc(50% - 15px);
}
div + div {
margin-top: 0;
}
div:nth-child(2) {
margin-left: 20px;
}
div:nth-child(4) {
margin-left: 20px;
}
a {
display: inline-block;
color: $blue;
font-weight: 400;
text-decoration: none;
}
}
}
.td-home #caseStudiesWrapper {
div {
width: 48%;
}
}
}

13
assets/scss/_variables_project.scss Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
/* This file is provided by Docsy as an entry point to styling.
Add styles or override variables from the theme here. */
@import "reset";
@import "skin";
//K8S-Docsy integration
@import "custom";
//Media queries
@import "base";
@import "tablet";
@import "desktop";

145
config.toml
View File

@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
baseURL = "https://kubernetes.io"
title = "Kubernetes"
# Hugo allows theme composition (and inheritance). The precedence is from left to right.
theme = ["docsy"]
# Language settings
contentDir = "content/en"
defaultContentLanguage = "en"
defaultContentLanguageInSubdir = false
enableRobotsTXT = true
@ -10,10 +15,17 @@ disableKinds = ["taxonomy", "taxonomyTerm"]
ignoreFiles = [ "^OWNERS$", "README[-]+[a-z]*\\.md", "^node_modules$", "content/en/docs/doc-contributor-tools" ]
contentDir = "content/en"
timeout = 3000
# Highlighting config.
pygmentsCodeFences = true
pygmentsUseClasses = false
# Use the new Chroma Go highlighter in Hugo.
pygmentsUseClassic = false
#pygmentsOptions = "linenos=table"
# See https://help.farbox.com/pygments.html
pygmentsStyle = "emacs"
# Enable Git variables like commit, lastmod
enableGitInfo = true
@ -23,6 +35,14 @@ disableLanguages = ["hi", "no"]
[markup]
[markup.goldmark]
[markup.goldmark.extensions]
definitionList = true
table = true
typographer = false
[markup.goldmark.parser]
attribute = true
autoHeadingID = true
autoHeadingIDType = "blackfriday"
[markup.goldmark.renderer]
unsafe = true
[markup.highlight]
@ -35,6 +55,10 @@ disableLanguages = ["hi", "no"]
noClasses = true
style = "emacs"
tabWidth = 4
[markup.tableOfContents]
endLevel = 3
ordered = false
startLevel = 2
[frontmatter]
date = ["date", ":filename", "publishDate", "lastmod"]
@ -64,7 +88,28 @@ baseName = "_headers"
isPlainText = true
notAlternative = true
# Image processing configuration.
[imaging]
resampleFilter = "CatmullRom"
quality = 75
anchor = "smart"
[services]
[services.googleAnalytics]
# Comment out the next line to disable GA tracking. Also disables the feature described in [params.ui.feedback].
id = "UA-00000000-0"
[params]
copyright_k8s = "The Kubernetes Authors"
copyright_linux = "Copyright © 2020 The Linux Foundation ®."
# privacy_policy = "https://policies.google.com/privacy"
# First one is picked as the Twitter card image if not set on page.
# images = ["images/project-illustration.png"]
# Menu title if your navbar has a versions selector to access old versions of your site.
# This menu appears only if you have at least one [params.versions] set.
version_menu = "Versions"
time_format_blog = "Monday, January 02, 2006"
description = "Production-Grade Container Orchestration"
@ -82,14 +127,25 @@ nextUrl = "https://kubernetes-io-vnext-staging.netlify.com/"
githubWebsiteRepo = "github.com/kubernetes/website"
githubWebsiteRaw = "raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website"
# param for displaying an announcement block on every page; see PR #16210
# param for displaying an announcement block on every page.
# See /i18n/en.toml for message text and title.
announcement = true
# announcement_message is only displayed when announcement = true; update with your specific message
announcement_title = "Black lives matter."
announcement_message_full = "We stand in solidarity with the Black community.<br/>Racism is unacceptable.<br/>It conflicts with the [core values of the Kubernetes project](https://git.k8s.io/community/values.md) and our community does not tolerate it." #appears on homepage. Use md formatting for links and <br/> for line breaks.
announcement_message_compact = "We stand in solidarity with the Black community.<br/>Racism is unacceptable.<br/>It conflicts with the [core values of the Kubernetes project](https://git.k8s.io/community/values.md) and our community does not tolerate it." #appears on subpages
announcement_bg = "#000000" #choose a dark color – text is white
#Searching
k8s_search = true
#The following search parameters are specific to Docsy's implementation. Kubernetes implementes its own search-related partials and scripts.
# Google Custom Search Engine ID. Remove or comment out to disable search.
#gcs_engine_id = "011737558837375720776:fsdu1nryfng"
# Enable Algolia DocSearch
algolia_docsearch = false
# Enable Lunr.js offline search
offlineSearch = false
[params.pushAssets]
css = [
"callouts",
@ -136,6 +192,81 @@ githubbranch = "v1.15.11"
docsbranch = "release-1.15"
url = "https://v1-15.docs.kubernetes.io"
# User interface configuration
[params.ui]
# Enable to show the side bar menu in its compact state.
sidebar_menu_compact = false
# Set to true to disable breadcrumb navigation.
breadcrumb_disable = false
# Set to true to hide the sidebar search box (the top nav search box will still be displayed if search is enabled)
sidebar_search_disable = false
# Set to false if you don't want to display a logo (/assets/icons/logo.svg) in the top nav bar
navbar_logo = true
# Set to true to disable the About link in the site footer
footer_about_disable = false
# Adds a H2 section titled "Feedback" to the bottom of each doc. The responses are sent to Google Analytics as events.
# This feature depends on [services.googleAnalytics] and will be disabled if "services.googleAnalytics.id" is not set.
# If you want this feature, but occasionally need to remove the "Feedback" section from a single page,
# add "hide_feedback: true" to the page's front matter.
[params.ui.feedback]
enable = true
# The responses that the user sees after clicking "yes" (the page was helpful) or "no" (the page was not helpful).
yes = 'Glad to hear it! Please <a href="https://github.com/USERNAME/REPOSITORY/issues/new">tell us how we can improve</a>.'
no = 'Sorry to hear that. Please <a href="https://github.com/USERNAME/REPOSITORY/issues/new">tell us how we can improve</a>.'
[params.links]
# End user relevant links. These will show up on left side of footer and in the community page if you have one.
[[params.links.user]]
name = "User mailing list"
url = "https://discuss.kubernetes.io"
icon = "fa fa-envelope"
desc = "Discussion and help from your fellow users"
[[params.links.user]]
name = "Twitter"
url = "https://twitter.com/kubernetesio"
icon = "fab fa-twitter"
desc = "Follow us on Twitter to get the latest news!"
[[params.links.user]]
name = "Calendar"
url = "https://calendar.google.com/calendar/embed?src=nt2tcnbtbied3l6gi2h29slvc0%40group.calendar.google.com"
icon = "fas fa-calendar-alt"
desc = "Google Calendar for Kubernetes"
[[params.links.user]]
name = "Youtube"
url = "https://youtbue.com/kubernetescommunity"
icon = "fab fa-youtube"
desc = "Youtube community videos"
# Developer relevant links. These will show up on right side of footer and in the community page if you have one.
[[params.links.developer]]
name = "GitHub"
url = "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes"
icon = "fab fa-github"
desc = "Development takes place here!"
[[params.links.developer]]
name = "Slack"
url = "https://slack.k8s.io"
icon = "fab fa-slack"
desc = "Chat with other project developers"
[[params.links.developer]]
name = "Contribute"
url = "https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/guide"
icon = "fas fa-edit"
desc = "Contribute to the Kubernetes website"
[[params.links.developer]]
name = "Stack Overflow"
url = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/kubernetes"
icon = "fab fa-stack-overflow"
desc = "Practical questions and curated answers"
# Language definitions.
[languages]

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Im Abschnitt Konzepte erfahren Sie mehr über die Bestandteile des Kubernetes-Systems und die Abstraktionen, die Kubernetes zur Verwaltung Ihres Clusters zur Verfügung stellt. Sie erhalten zudem ein tieferes Verständnis der Funktionsweise von Kubernetes.
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## Überblick
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* [Anmerkungen](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations/)
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Wenn Sie eine Konzeptseite schreiben möchten, lesen Sie [Seitenvorlagen verwenden](/docs/home/contribute/page-templates/)
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Das Konzept des Cloud Controller Managers (CCM) (nicht zu verwechseln mit der Binärdatei) wurde ursprünglich entwickelt, um Cloud-spezifischen Anbieter Code und den Kubernetes Kern unabhängig voneinander entwickeln zu können. Der Cloud Controller Manager läuft zusammen mit anderen Master Komponenten wie dem Kubernetes Controller Manager, dem API-Server und dem Scheduler auf dem Host. Es kann auch als Kubernetes Addon gestartet werden, in diesem Fall läuft er auf Kubernetes.
Das Design des Cloud Controller Managers basiert auf einem Plugin Mechanismus, der es neuen Cloud Anbietern ermöglicht, sich mit Kubernetes einfach über Plugins zu integrieren. Es gibt Pläne für die Einbindung neuer Cloud Anbieter auf Kubernetes und für die Migration von Cloud Anbietern vom alten Modell auf das neue CCM-Modell.
@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ Die Architektur eines Kubernetes Clusters ohne den Cloud Controller Manager sieh
![Pre CCM Kube Arch](/images/docs/pre-ccm-arch.png)
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## Design
@ -235,4 +235,4 @@ Die folgenden Cloud Anbieter haben CCMs implementiert:
Eine vollständige Anleitung zur Konfiguration und zum Betrieb des CCM findest du [hier](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/running-cloud-controller/#cloud-controller-manager).
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Dieses Dokument katalogisiert die Kommunikationspfade zwischen dem Master (eigentlich dem Apiserver) und des Kubernetes-Clusters.
Die Absicht besteht darin, Benutzern die Möglichkeit zu geben, ihre Installation so anzupassen, dass die Netzwerkkonfiguration so abgesichert wird, dass der Cluster in einem nicht vertrauenswürdigen Netzwerk (oder mit vollständig öffentlichen IP-Adressen eines Cloud-Providers) ausgeführt werden kann.
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## Cluster zum Master
@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ Dieser Tunnel stellt sicher, dass der Datenverkehr nicht außerhalb des Netzwerk
SSH-Tunnel werden zur Zeit nicht unterstützt. Sie sollten also nicht verwendet werden, sei denn, man weiß, was man tut. Ein Ersatz für diesen Kommunikationskanal wird entwickelt.
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Ein Knoten (Node in Englisch) ist eine Arbeitsmaschine in Kubernetes, früher als `minion` bekannt. Ein Node
kann je nach Cluster eine VM oder eine physische Maschine sein. Jeder Node enthält
@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ und wird von den Master-Komponenten verwaltet.
Die Dienste auf einem Node umfassen die [Container Runtime](/docs/concepts/overview/components/#node-components), das Kubelet und den Kube-Proxy.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie im Abschnitt Kubernetes Node in der Architekturdesign-Dokumentation.
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## Node Status
@ -244,4 +244,4 @@ Wenn Sie Ressourcen explizit für Nicht-Pod-Prozesse reservieren möchten, folge
Node ist eine Top-Level-Ressource in der Kubernetes-REST-API. Weitere Details zum API-Objekt finden Sie unter:
[Node API object](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#node-v1-core).
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Add-Ons erweitern die Funktionalität von Kubernetes.
@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Diese Seite gibt eine Übersicht über einige verfügbare Add-Ons und verweist a
Die Add-Ons in den einzelnen Kategorien sind alphabetisch sortiert - Die Reihenfolge impliziert keine bevorzugung einzelner Projekte.
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## Networking und Network Policy
@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ Es gibt einige weitere Add-Ons die in dem abgekündigten [cluster/addons](https:
Add-Ons die ordentlich gewartet werden dürfen gerne hier aufgezählt werden. Wir freuen uns auf PRs!
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Controller Manager Metriken liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Leistung und den Zustand von den Controller Managern.
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## Was sind Controller Manager Metriken
Die Kennzahlen des Controller Managers liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Leistung und den Zustand des Controller Managers.
@ -38,4 +38,3 @@ Die Metriken werden im [Prometheus Format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrument
In einer Produktionsumgebung können Sie Prometheus oder einen anderen Metrik Scraper konfigurieren, um diese Metriken regelmäßig zu sammeln und in einer Art Zeitreihen Datenbank verfügbar zu machen.
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## Proxies
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Sie erstellen ihr Docker Image und laden es in eine Registry hoch, bevor es in einem Kubernetes Pod referenziert werden kann.
Die `image` Eigenschaft eines Containers unterstüzt die gleiche Syntax wie die des `docker` Kommandos, inklusive privater Registries und Tags.
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## Aktualisieren von Images
@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ Es gibt eine Anzahl an Lösungen um eigene Registries zu konfigurieren, hier sin
- Generieren die Registry - Zugriffsdaten für jeden Mandanten, abgelegt in einem Secret das in jedem Mandanten - Namespace vorhanden ist.
- Der Mandant fügt dieses Sercret zu den imagePullSecrets in jedem seiner Namespace hinzu.
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{{< note >}}
Stellen Sie auch sicher [einen Eintrag im Inhaltsverzeichnis](/docs/home/contribute/write-new-topic/#creating-an-entry-in-the-table-of-contents) für Ihr neues Dokument zu erstellen.
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Stellen Sie auch sicher [einen Eintrag im Inhaltsverzeichnis](/docs/home/contrib
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## Verstehen ...
@ -24,15 +24,16 @@ Kubernetes bietet ...
Benutzen Sie ...
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**[Optionaler Bereich]**
* Lernen Sie mehr über [ein neues Thema schreiben](/docs/home/contribute/write-new-topic/).
* Besuchen Sie [Seitenvorlagen verwenden - Konzeptvorlage](/docs/home/contribute/page-templates/#concept_template) wie Sie diese Vorlage verwenden.
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In diesem Dokument werden die verschiedenen binären Komponenten beschrieben, die zur Bereitstellung eines funktionsfähigen Kubernetes-Clusters erforderlich sind.
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## Master-Komponenten
Master-Komponenten stellen die Steuerungsebene des Clusters bereit. Master-Komponenten treffen globale Entscheidungen über den Cluster (z. B. Zeitplanung) und das Erkennen und Reagieren auf Clusterereignisse (Starten eines neuen Pods, wenn das `replicas`-Feld eines Replikationscontrollers nicht zufriedenstellend ist).
@ -107,6 +107,6 @@ Von Kubernetes gestartete Container schließen diesen DNS-Server automatisch in
Ein [Cluster-level logging](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) Mechanismus ist für das Speichern von Containerprotokollen in einem zentralen Protokollspeicher mit Such- / Browsing-Schnittstelle verantwortlich.
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Diese Seite ist eine Übersicht über Kubernetes.
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Kubernetes ist eine portable, erweiterbare Open-Source-Plattform zur Verwaltung von
containerisierten Arbeitslasten und Services, die sowohl die deklarative Konfiguration als auch die Automatisierung erleichtert.
@ -160,11 +160,12 @@ Der Name **Kubernetes** stammt aus dem Griechischen, bedeutet *Steuermann* oder
[cybernetic](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cybernetics). *K8s*
ist eine Abkürzung, die durch Ersetzen der 8 Buchstaben "ubernete" mit "8" abgeleitet wird.
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* [Bereit loszulegen](/docs/setup/)?
* Weitere Einzelheiten finden Sie in der [Kubernetes Dokumentation](/docs/home/).
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Wenn Sie an der Dokumentation oder der Website von Kubernetes mitwirken möchten, freuen wir uns über Ihre Hilfe!
Jeder kann seinen Beitrag leisten, unabhängig davon ob Sie neu im Projekt sind oder schon lange dabei sind, und ob Sie sich als
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Entwickler, Endbenutzer oder einfach jemanden, der es einfach nicht aushält, Ti
Weitere Möglichkeiten, sich in der Kubernetes-Community zu engagieren oder mehr über uns zu erfahren, finden Sie auf der [Kubernetes-Community-Seite](/community/).
Informationen zum Handbuch zur Dokumentation von Kubernetes finden Sie im [Gestaltungshandbuch](/docs/contribute/style/style-guide/).
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## Arten von Mitwirkenden
@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ Dies ist keine vollständige Liste von Möglichkeiten, wie Sie zur Kubernetes-Do
- Verbesserungsvorschläge für Dokumentprüfungen vorschlagen
- Vorschläge für Verbesserungen der Kubernetes-Website oder anderer Tools
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Diese Seite zeigt dir wie die Dokumentation für verschiedene Sprachen [lokalisiert](https://blog.mozilla.org/l10n/2011/12/14/i18n-vs-l10n-whats-the-diff/) wird.
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## Erste Schritte
@ -277,13 +277,14 @@ SIG Docs begrüßt Upstream Beiträge, also auf das englische Original, und Korr
Du kannst auch dazu beitragen, Inhalte zu einer bestehenden Lokalisierung hinzuzufügen oder zu verbessern. Trete dem [Slack-Kanal](https://kubernetes.slack.com/messages/C1J0BPD2M/) für die Lokalisierung bei und beginne mit der Eröffnung von PRs, um zu helfen. Bitte beschränke deine Pull-Anfragen auf eine einzige Lokalisierung, da Pull-Anfragen, die Inhalte in mehreren Lokalisierungen ändern, schwer zu überprüfen sein könnten.
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Sobald eine Lokalisierung die Anforderungen an den Arbeitsablauf und die Mindestausgabe erfüllt, wird SIG docs:
- Die Sprachauswahl auf der Website aktivieren
- Die Verfügbarkeit der Lokalisierung über die Kanäle der [Cloud Native Computing Foundation](https://www.cncf.io/about/) (CNCF), einschließlich des [Kubernetes Blogs](https://kubernetes.io/blog/) veröffentlichen.
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Diese Website enthält Dokumentation für die aktuelle Version von Kubernetes
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## Aktuelle Version
@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ Die aktuelle Version ist
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## API-Referenz
@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ Offiziell unterstützte Clientbibliotheken:
Ein Archiv der Designdokumente für Kubernetes-Funktionalität. Gute Ansatzpunkte sind [Kubernetes Architektur](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/architecture/architecture.md) und [Kubernetes Design Übersicht](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals).
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Siehe auch: [Kubectl Überblick](/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/) und [JsonPath Dokumentation](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath).
Diese Seite ist eine Übersicht über den Befehl `kubectl`.
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# kubectl - Spickzettel
@ -335,9 +335,10 @@ Ausführlichkeit | Beschreibung
`--v=8` | HTTP-Anforderungsinhalt anzeigen
`--v=9` | HTTP-Anforderungsinhalt anzeigen, ohne den Inhalt zu kürzen.
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* Lernen Sie mehr im [Überblick auf kubectl](/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/).
@ -347,4 +348,4 @@ Ausführlichkeit | Beschreibung
* Entdecken Sie mehr Community [kubectl Spickzettel](https://github.com/dennyzhang/cheatsheet-kubernetes-A4).
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## Kubectl
[`kubectl`](/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/) ist ein Kommandozeilenprogramm für Kubernetes. Es steuert den Kubernetes Clustermanager.
@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ Verwenden Sie Kompose um:
* Ein Docker Compose Datei in Kubernetes Objekte zu übersetzen
* Von Ihrer lokalen Docker Entwicklung auf eine Kubernetes verwaltete Entwicklung zu wechseln
* v1 oder v2 Docker Compose `yaml` Dateien oder [Distributed Application Bundles](https://docs.docker.com/compose/bundles/) zu konvertieren
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Diese Sektion umfasst verschiedene Optionen zum Einrichten und Betrieb von Kubernetes.
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Noch einfacher können Sie einen Kubernetes-Cluster in einer Lern- und Produktionsumgebung erstellen.
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## Lernumgebung
@ -99,4 +99,4 @@ Die folgende Tabelle für Produktionsumgebungs-Lösungen listet Anbieter und der
| [VMware](https://cloud.vmware.com/) | [VMware Cloud PKS](https://cloud.vmware.com/vmware-cloud-pks) |[VMware Enterprise PKS](https://cloud.vmware.com/vmware-enterprise-pks) | [VMware Enterprise PKS](https://cloud.vmware.com/vmware-enterprise-pks) | [VMware Essential PKS](https://cloud.vmware.com/vmware-essential-pks) | |[VMware Essential PKS](https://cloud.vmware.com/vmware-essential-pks)
| [Z.A.R.V.I.S.](https://zarvis.ai/) | &#x2714; | | | | | |
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Minikube ist ein Tool, mit dem Kubernetes lokal einfach ausgeführt werden kann. Minikube führt einen Kubernetes-Cluster mit einem einzigen Node in einer VM auf Ihrem Laptop aus, damit Anwender Kubernetes ausprobieren oder täglich damit entwickeln können.
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## Minikube-Funktionen
@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ Minikube unterstützt die folgenden Treiber:
* virtualbox
* vmwarefusion
* kvm2 ([Treiber installation](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/drivers.md#kvm2-driver))
* kvm ([Treiber installation](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/drivers.md#kvm-driver))
* hyperkit ([Treiber installation](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/drivers.md#hyperkit-driver))
* xhyve ([Treiber installation](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/drivers.md#xhyve-driver)) (deprecated)
* kvm2 ([Treiber installation](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/#kvm2-driver))
* kvm ([Treiber installation](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/#kvm-driver))
* hyperkit ([Treiber installation](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/#hyperkit-driver))
* xhyve ([Treiber installation](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/#xhyve-driver)) (deprecated)
* hyperv ([Treiber installation](https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/docs/drivers.md#hyperv-driver))
Beachten Sie, dass die unten angegebene IP-Adresse dynamisch ist und sich ändern kann. Sie kann mit `minikube ip` abgerufen werden.
* none (Führt die Kubernetes-Komponenten auf dem Host und nicht in einer VM aus. Die Verwendung dieses Treibers erfordert Docker ([Docker installieren](https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/)) und eine Linux-Umgebung)
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Hierbei wird ein alternatives Minikube-ISO-Image verwendet, das sowohl rkt als a
### Treiber Plugins
Weitere Informationen zu unterstützten Treibern und zur Installation von Plugins finden Sie bei Bedarf unter [TREIBER](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/drivers.md).
Weitere Informationen zu unterstützten Treibern und zur Installation von Plugins finden Sie bei Bedarf unter [TREIBER](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/).
### Lokale Images durch erneute Verwendung des Docker-Daemon ausführen
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Weitere Informationen zu Minikube finden Sie im [Vorschlag](https://git.k8s.io/c
* **Ziele und Nichtziele**: Die Ziele und Nichtziele des Minikube-Projekts finden Sie in unserer [Roadmap](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/contributors/roadmap.md).
* **Entwicklungshandbuch**: Lesen Sie [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/CONTRIBUTING.md) für einen Überblick über das Senden von Pull-Requests.
* **Minikube bauen**: Anweisungen zum Erstellen/Testen von Minikube aus dem Quellcode finden Sie im [build Handbuch](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/contributors/build_guide.md).
* **Neue Abhängigkeit hinzufügen**: Anweisungen zum Hinzufügen einer neuen Abhängigkeit zu Minikube finden Sie in der [Anleitung zum Hinzufügen von Abhängigkeiten](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/contributors/adding_a_dependency.md).
* **Neue Abhängigkeit hinzufügen**: Anweisungen zum Hinzufügen einer neuen Abhängigkeit zu Minikube finden Sie in der [Anleitung zum Hinzufügen von Abhängigkeiten](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/).
* **Neues Addon hinzufügen**: Anweisungen zum Hinzufügen eines neuen Addons für Minikube finden Sie im [Anleitung zum Hinzufügen eines Addons](https://git.k8s.io/minikube/docs/contributors/adding_an_addon.md).
* **MicroK8s**: Linux-Benutzer, die die Ausführung einer virtuellen Maschine vermeiden möchten, sollten [MicroK8s](https://microk8s.io/) als Alternative in Betracht ziehen.
@ -439,4 +439,4 @@ Weitere Informationen zu Minikube finden Sie im [Vorschlag](https://git.k8s.io/c
Beiträge, Fragen und Kommentare werden begrüßt und ermutigt! Minikube-Entwickler finden Sie in [Slack](https://kubernetes.slack.com) im #minikube Kanal (Erhalten Sie [hier](http://slack.kubernetes.io/) eine Einladung). Wir haben ausserdem die [kubernetes-dev Google Groups-Mailingliste](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/kubernetes-dev). Wenn Sie in der Liste posten, fügen Sie Ihrem Betreff bitte "minikube:" voran.
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Sie können entweder eine Version aus dem Quellcode erstellen oder eine bereits kompilierte Version herunterladen.
Wenn Sie nicht vorhaben, Kubernetes selbst zu entwickeln, empfehlen wir die Verwendung eines vorkompilierten Builds der aktuellen Version, die Sie in den [Versionshinweisen](/docs/setup/release/notes/) finden.
Der Kubernetes-Quellcode kann aus dem [kubernetes/kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) repo der heruntergeladen werden.
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## Aus dem Quellcode kompilieren
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Mehr Informationen zum Release-Prozess finden Sie im kubernetes/kubernetes [`build`](http://releases.k8s.io/{{< param "githubbranch" >}}/build/) Verzeichnis.
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Dieser Abschnitt der Kubernetes-Dokumentation enthält Seiten, die zeigen, wie man einzelne Aufgaben erledigt.
Eine Aufgabenseite zeigt, wie man eine einzelne Aufgabe ausführt, typischerweise durch eine kurze Abfolge von Schritten.
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## Webbenutzeroberfläche (Dashboard)
@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ Konfigurieren und planen Sie NVIDIA-GPUs für die Verwendung durch Nodes in eine
Konfigurieren und verwalten Sie `HugePages` als planbare Ressource in einem Cluster.
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Der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler skaliert automatisch die Anzahl der Pods eines Replication Controller, Deployment oder Replikat Set basierend auf der beobachteten CPU-Auslastung (oder, mit Unterstützung von [benutzerdefinierter Metriken](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/instrumentation/custom-metrics-api.md), von der Anwendung bereitgestellten Metriken). Beachte, dass die horizontale Pod Autoskalierung nicht für Objekte gilt, die nicht skaliert werden können, z. B. DaemonSets.
@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ Der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler ist als Kubernetes API-Ressource und einem Control
Die Ressource bestimmt das Verhalten des Controllers.
Der Controller passt die Anzahl der Replikate eines Replication Controller oder Deployments regelmäßig an, um die beobachtete durchschnittliche CPU-Auslastung an das vom Benutzer angegebene Ziel anzupassen.
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## Wie funktioniert der Horizontal Pod Autoscaler?
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* Das Flag `--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients` ist auf `true` oder ungesetzt. Wird dies auf `false` gesetzt wird die Heapster basierte Autoskalierung aktiviert, welche veraltet ist.
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* Design Dokument [Horizontal Pod Autoscaling](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/autoscaling/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md).
* kubectl autoscale Befehl: [kubectl autoscale](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#autoscale).
* Verwenden des [Horizontal Pod Autoscaler](/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough/).
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Verwenden Sie das Kubernetes Befehlszeilenprogramm, [kubectl](/docs/user-guide/kubectl/), um Anwendungen auf Kubernetes bereitzustellen und zu verwalten.
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Sie müssen eine kubectl-Version verwenden, die innerhalb eines geringfügigen Versionsunterschieds zur Version Ihres Clusters liegt. Ein v1.2-Client sollte beispielsweise mit einem v1.1, v1.2 und v1.3-Master arbeiten. Die Verwendung der neuesten Version von kubectl verhindert unvorhergesehene Probleme.
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Diese Seite zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie [Minikube](/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube) installieren, ein Programm, das einen Kubernetes-Cluster mit einem einzigen Node in einer virtuellen Maschine auf Ihrem Laptop ausführt.
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Die VT-x- oder AMD-v-Virtualisierung muss im BIOS Ihres Computers aktiviert sein. Um dies unter Linux zu überprüfen, führen Sie Folgendes aus und vergewissern Sie sich, dass die Ausgabe nicht leer ist:
```shell
egrep --color 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
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## Einen Hypervisor installieren
@ -106,13 +107,6 @@ Schließen Sie nach der Installation von Minikube die aktuelle CLI-Sitzung und s
So installieren Sie Minikube manuell unter Windows mit [Windows Installer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/msi/windows-installer-portal), laden Sie die Datei [`minikube-installer.exe`](https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/latest) und führen Sie den Installer aus.
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## Eine bestehende Installation bereinigen
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Dieser Abschnitt der Kubernetes-Dokumentation enthält Tutorials.
Ein Tutorial zeigt, wie Sie ein Ziel erreichen, das größer ist als eine einzelne [Aufgabe](/docs/tasks/).
Ein Tutorial besteht normalerweise aus mehreren Abschnitten, die jeweils eine Abfolge von Schritten haben.
Bevor Sie die einzelnen Lernprogramme durchgehen, möchten Sie möglicherweise ein Lesezeichen zur Seite mit dem [Standardisierten Glossar](/docs/reference/glossary/) setzen um später Informationen nachzuschlagen.
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## Grundlagen
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* [Source IP verwenden](/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip/)
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Dieses Tutorial zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie eine einfache "Hallo Welt" Node.js-Anwendung auf Kubernetes mit [Minikube](/docs/getting-started-guides/minikube) und Katacoda ausführen.
Katacoda bietet eine kostenlose Kubernetes-Umgebung im Browser.
@ -22,17 +22,19 @@ Katacoda bietet eine kostenlose Kubernetes-Umgebung im Browser.
Sie können dieses Tutorial auch verwenden, wenn Sie [Minikube lokal](/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/) installiert haben.
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* Stellen Sie eine Hallo-Welt-Anwendung für Minikube bereit.
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Dieses Lernprogramm enthält ein aus den folgenden Dateien erstelltes Container-Image:
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Weitere Informationen zum `docker build` Befehl, lesen Sie die [Docker Dokumentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/).
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## Erstellen Sie einen Minikube-Cluster
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* Lernen Sie mehr über [Bereitstellungsobjekte](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
* Lernen Sie mehr über [Anwendungen bereitstellen](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications/).
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slug: running-mongodb-on-kubernetes-with-statefulsets
url: /blog/2017/01/Running-Mongodb-On-Kubernetes-With-Statefulsets
---
_Editor's note: Today’s post is by Sandeep Dinesh, Developer Advocate, Google Cloud Platform, showing how to run a database in a container._
_Editor's note: Today’s post is by Sandeep Dinesh, Developer Advocate, Google Cloud Platform, showing how to run a database in a container._
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Conventional wisdom says you can’t run a database in a container. “Containers are stateless!” they say, and “databases are pointless without state!”
Conventional wisdom says you can’t run a database in a container. “Containers are stateless!” they say, and “databases are pointless without state!”
Of course, this is not true at all. At Google, everything runs in a container, including databases. You just need the right tools. [Kubernetes 1.5](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/12/kubernetes-1-5-supporting-production-workloads/) includes the new [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/statefulsets/) API object (in previous versions, StatefulSet was known as PetSet). With StatefulSets, Kubernetes makes it much easier to run stateful workloads such as databases.
If you’ve followed my previous posts, you know how to create a [MEAN Stack app with Docker](http://blog.sandeepdinesh.com/2015/07/running-mean-web-application-in-docker.html), then [migrate it to Kubernetes](https://medium.com/google-cloud/running-a-mean-stack-on-google-cloud-platform-with-kubernetes-149ca81c2b5d) to provide easier management and reliability, and [create a MongoDB replica set](https://medium.com/google-cloud/mongodb-replica-sets-with-kubernetes-d96606bd9474) to provide redundancy and high availability.
If you’ve followed my previous posts, you know how to create a [MEAN Stack app with Docker](http://blog.sandeepdinesh.com/2015/07/running-mean-web-application-in-docker.html), then [migrate it to Kubernetes](https://medium.com/google-cloud/running-a-mean-stack-on-google-cloud-platform-with-kubernetes-149ca81c2b5d) to provide easier management and reliability, and [create a MongoDB replica set](https://medium.com/google-cloud/mongodb-replica-sets-with-kubernetes-d96606bd9474) to provide redundancy and high availability.
While the replica set in my previous blog post worked, there were some annoying steps that you needed to follow. You had to manually create a disk, a ReplicationController, and a service for each replica. Scaling the set up and down meant managing all of these resources manually, which is an opportunity for error, and would put your stateful application at risk In the previous example, we created a Makefile to ease the management of these resources, but it would have been great if Kubernetes could just take care of all of this for us.
With StatefulSets, these headaches finally go away. You can create and manage your MongoDB replica set natively in Kubernetes, without the need for scripts and Makefiles. Let’s take a look how.
_Note: StatefulSets are currently a beta resource. The [sidecar container](https://github.com/cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar) used for auto-configuration is also unsupported._
While the replica set in my previous blog post worked, there were some annoying steps that you needed to follow. You had to manually create a disk, a ReplicationController, and a service for each replica. Scaling the set up and down meant managing all of these resources manually, which is an opportunity for error, and would put your stateful application at risk In the previous example, we created a Makefile to ease the management of these resources, but it would have been great if Kubernetes could just take care of all of this for us.
With StatefulSets, these headaches finally go away. You can create and manage your MongoDB replica set natively in Kubernetes, without the need for scripts and Makefiles. Let’s take a look how.
_Note: StatefulSets are currently a beta resource. The [sidecar container](https://github.com/cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar) used for auto-configuration is also unsupported._
**Prerequisites and Setup**
Before we get started, you’ll need a Kubernetes 1.5+ and the [Kubernetes command line tool](/docs/user-guide/prereqs/). If you want to follow along with this tutorial and use Google Cloud Platform, you also need the [Google Cloud SDK](http://cloud.google.com/sdk).
Once you have a [Google Cloud project created](https://console.cloud.google.com/projectcreate) and have your Google Cloud SDK setup (hint: gcloud init), we can create our cluster.
To create a Kubernetes 1.5 cluster, run the following command:
To create a Kubernetes 1.5 cluster, run the following command:
```
gcloud container clusters create "test-cluster"
```
This will make a three node Kubernetes cluster. Feel free to [customize the command](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create) as you see fit.
This will make a three node Kubernetes cluster. Feel free to [customize the command](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create) as you see fit.
Then, authenticate into the cluster:
```
gcloud container clusters get-credentials test-cluster
```
**Setting up the MongoDB replica set**
To set up the MongoDB replica set, you need three things: A [StorageClass](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#storageclasses), a [Headless Service](/docs/user-guide/services/#headless-services), and a [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/statefulsets/).
I’ve created the configuration files for these already, and you can clone the example from GitHub:
I’ve created the configuration files for these already, and you can clone the example from GitHub:
```
git clone https://github.com/thesandlord/mongo-k8s-sidecar.git
@ -75,10 +54,7 @@ git clone https://github.com/thesandlord/mongo-k8s-sidecar.git
cd /mongo-k8s-sidecar/example/StatefulSet/
```
To create the MongoDB replica set, run these two commands:
To create the MongoDB replica set, run these two commands:
```
kubectl apply -f googlecloud\_ssd.yaml
@ -86,341 +62,202 @@ kubectl apply -f googlecloud\_ssd.yaml
kubectl apply -f mongo-statefulset.yaml
```
That's it! With these two commands, you have launched all the components required to run an highly available and redundant MongoDB replica set.
At an high level, it looks something like this:
![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ohALxLD4Ugj5FCwWqgqZ4xP9al4lTgrPDc9HsgPWYRZRz_buuYK6LKSC7A5n98DdOO-Po3Zq77Yt43-QhTWdIaXqltHI7PX0zMXAXbpiilYgdowGZapG0lJ9lgubwBj1CwNHHtXA)
Let’s examine each piece in more detail.
**StorageClass**
The storage class tells Kubernetes what kind of storage to use for the database nodes. You can set up many different types of StorageClasses in a ton of different environments. For example, if you run Kubernetes in your own datacenter, you can use [GlusterFS](https://www.gluster.org/). On GCP, your [storage choices](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/) are SSDs and hard disks. There are currently drivers for [AWS](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#aws), [Azure](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#azure-disk), [Google Cloud](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#gce), [GlusterFS](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#glusterfs), [OpenStack Cinder](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#openstack-cinder), [vSphere](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#vsphere), [Ceph RBD](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#ceph-rbd), and [Quobyte](/docs/user-guide/persistent-volumes/#quobyte).
The configuration for the StorageClass looks like this:
The configuration for the StorageClass looks like this:
```
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: fast
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
parameters:
```yaml
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: fast
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
parameters:
type: pd-ssd
```
This configuration creates a new StorageClass called “fast” that is backed by SSD volumes. The StatefulSet can now request a volume, and the StorageClass will automatically create it!
Deploy this StorageClass:
Deploy this StorageClass:
```
kubectl apply -f googlecloud\_ssd.yaml
```
**Headless Service**
Now you have created the Storage Class, you need to make a Headless Service. These are just like normal Kubernetes Services, except they don’t do any load balancing for you. When combined with StatefulSets, they can give you unique DNS addresses that let you directly access the pods! This is perfect for creating MongoDB replica sets, because our app needs to connect to all of the MongoDB nodes individually.
The configuration for the Headless Service looks like this:
The configuration for the Headless Service looks like this:
```
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
name: mongo
name: mongo
labels:
name: mongo
spec:
ports:
- port: 27017
targetPort: 27017
clusterIP: None
selector:
role: mongo
ports:
- port: 27017
targetPort: 27017
clusterIP: None
selector:
role: mongo
```
You can tell this is a Headless Service because the clusterIP is set to “None.” Other than that, it looks exactly the same as any normal Kubernetes Service.
**StatefulSet**
The pièce de résistance. The StatefulSet actually runs MongoDB and orchestrates everything together. StatefulSets differ from Kubernetes [ReplicaSets](/docs/user-guide/replicasets/) (not to be confused with MongoDB replica sets!) in certain ways that makes them more suited for stateful applications. Unlike Kubernetes ReplicaSets, pods created under a StatefulSet have a few unique attributes. The name of the pod is not random, instead each pod gets an ordinal name. Combined with the Headless Service, this allows pods to have stable identification. In addition, pods are created one at a time instead of all at once, which can help when bootstrapping a stateful system. You can read more about StatefulSets in the [documentation](/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/statefulsets/).
Just like before, [this “sidecar” container](https://github.com/cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar) will configure the MongoDB replica set automatically. A “sidecar” is a helper container which helps the main container do its work.
The configuration for the StatefulSet looks like this:
The configuration for the StatefulSet looks like this:
```
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: mongo
name: mongo
spec:
serviceName: "mongo"
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
role: mongo
environment: test
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: mongo
image: mongo
command:
- mongod
- "--replSet"
- rs0
- "--smallfiles"
- "--noprealloc"
ports:
- containerPort: 27017
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
mountPath: /data/db
- name: mongo-sidecar
image: cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar
env:
- name: MONGO\_SIDECAR\_POD\_LABELS
value: "role=mongo,environment=test"
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: mongo-persistent-storage
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "fast"
spec:
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources:
requests:
storage: 100Gi
selector:
matchLabels:
role: mongo
environment: test
serviceName: "mongo"
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
role: mongo
environment: test
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: mongo
image: mongo
command:
- mongod
- "--replSet"
- rs0
- "--smallfiles"
- "--noprealloc"
ports:
- containerPort: 27017
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
mountPath: /data/db
- name: mongo-sidecar
image: cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar
env:
- name: MONGO_SIDECAR_POD_LABELS
value: "role=mongo,environment=test"
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: mongo-persistent-storage
spec:
storageClassName: "fast"
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources:
requests:
storage: 100Gi
```
It’s a little long, but fairly straightforward.
The first second describes the StatefulSet object. Then, we move into the Metadata section, where you can specify labels and the number of replicas.
Next comes the pod spec. The terminationGracePeriodSeconds is used to gracefully shutdown the pod when you scale down the number of replicas, which is important for databases! Then the configurations for the two containers is shown. The first one runs MongoDB with command line flags that configure the replica set name. It also mounts the persistent storage volume to /data/db, the location where MongoDB saves its data. The second container runs the sidecar.
Next comes the pod spec. The terminationGracePeriodSeconds is used to gracefully shutdown the pod when you scale down the number of replicas, which is important for databases! Then the configurations for the two containers is shown. The first one runs MongoDB with command line flags that configure the replica set name. It also mounts the persistent storage volume to /data/db, the location where MongoDB saves its data. The second container runs the sidecar.
Finally, there is the volumeClaimTemplates. This is what talks to the StorageClass we created before to provision the volume. It will provision a 100 GB disk for each MongoDB replica.
Finally, there is the volumeClaimTemplates. This is what talks to the StorageClass we created before to provision the volume. It will provision a 100 GB disk for each MongoDB replica.
**Using the MongoDB replica set**
At this point, you should have three pods created in your cluster. These correspond to the three nodes in your MongoDB replica set. You can see them with this command:
At this point, you should have three pods created in your cluster. These correspond to the three nodes in your MongoDB replica set. You can see them with this command:
```
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mongo-0 2/2 Running 0 3m
mongo-1 2/2 Running 0 3m
mongo-2 2/2 Running 0 3m
```
Each pod in a StatefulSet backed by a Headless Service will have a stable DNS name. The template follows this format: \<pod-name\>.\<service-name\>
Each pod in a StatefulSet backed by a Headless Service will have a stable DNS name. The template follows this format: \<pod-name\>.\<service-name\>
This means the DNS names for the MongoDB replica set are:
This means the DNS names for the MongoDB replica set are:
```
mongo-0.mongo
mongo-1.mongo
mongo-2.mongo
```
You can use these names directly in the [connection string URI](http://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string) of your app.
You can use these names directly in the [connection string URI](http://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string) of your app.
In this case, the connection string URI would be:
In this case, the connection string URI would be:
```
“mongodb://mongo-0.mongo,mongo-1.mongo,mongo-2.mongo:27017/dbname\_?”
mongodb://mongo-0.mongo,mongo-1.mongo,mongo-2.mongo:27017/dbname\_?
```
That’s it!
That’s it!
**Scaling the MongoDB replica set**
A huge advantage of StatefulSets is that you can scale them just like Kubernetes ReplicaSets. If you want 5 MongoDB Nodes instead of 3, just run the scale command:
**Scaling the MongoDB replica set**
A huge advantage of StatefulSets is that you can scale them just like Kubernetes ReplicaSets. If you want 5 MongoDB Nodes instead of 3, just run the scale command:
```
kubectl scale --replicas=5 statefulset mongo
```
The sidecar container will automatically configure the new MongoDB nodes to join the replica set.
The sidecar container will automatically configure the new MongoDB nodes to join the replica set.
Include the two new nodes (mongo-3.mongo & mongo-4.mongo) in your connection string URI and you are good to go. Too easy!
Include the two new nodes (mongo-3.mongo & mongo-4.mongo) in your connection string URI and you are good to go. Too easy!
**Cleaning Up**
**Cleaning Up**
To clean up the deployed resources, delete the StatefulSet, Headless Service, and the provisioned volumes.
Delete the StatefulSet:
To clean up the deployed resources, delete the StatefulSet, Headless Service, and the provisioned volumes.
Delete the StatefulSet:
```
kubectl delete statefulset mongo
```
Delete the Service:
Delete the Service:
```
kubectl delete svc mongo
```
Delete the Volumes:
Delete the Volumes:
```
kubectl delete pvc -l role=mongo
```
Finally, you can delete the test cluster:
Finally, you can delete the test cluster:
```
gcloud container clusters delete "test-cluster"
```
Happy Hacking!
For more cool Kubernetes and Container blog posts, follow me on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/sandeepdinesh) and [Medium](https://medium.com/@SandeepDinesh).
_--Sandeep Dinesh, Developer Advocate, Google Cloud Platform._

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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Each Special Interest Group (SIG) within the community continues to deliver
the most-requested enhancements, fixes, and functionality for their respective
specialty areas. For a complete list of inclusions by SIG, please visit the
[release
notes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.10.md#110-release-notes).
notes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.10.md#110-release-notes).
## Availability

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---
layout: blog
title: A Better Docs UX With Docsy
date: 2020-06-15
slug: better-docs-ux-with-docsy
url: /blog/2020/06/better-docs-ux-with-docsy
---
**Author:** Zach Corleissen, Cloud Native Computing Foundation
*Editor's note: Zach is one of the chairs for the Kubernetes documentation special interest group (SIG Docs).*
I'm pleased to announce that the [Kubernetes website](https://kubernetes.io) now features the [Docsy Hugo theme](https://docsy.dev).
The Docsy theme improves the site's organization and navigability, and opens a path to improved API references. After over 4 years with few meaningful UX improvements, Docsy implements some best practices for technical content. The theme makes the Kubernetes site easier to read and makes individual pages easier to navigate. It gives the site a much-needed facelift.
For example: adding a right-hand rail for navigating topics on the page. No more scrolling up to navigate!
The theme opens a path for future improvements to the website. The Docsy functionality I'm most excited about is the theme's [`swaggerui` shortcode](https://www.docsy.dev/docs/adding-content/shortcodes/#swaggerui), which provides native support for generating API references from an OpenAPI spec. The CNCF is partnering with [Google Season of Docs](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs) (GSoD) for staffing to make better API references a reality in Q4 this year. We're hopeful to be chosen, and we're looking forward to Google's list of announced projects on August 16th. Better API references have been a personal goal since I first started working with SIG Docs in 2017. It's exciting to see the goal within reach.
One of SIG Docs' tech leads, [Karen Bradshaw](https://github.com/kbhawkey) did a lot of heavy lifting to fix a wide range of site compatibility issues, including a fix to the last of our [legacy pieces](https://github.com/kubernetes/website/pull/21359) when we [migrated from Jekyll to Hugo](2018-05-05-hugo-migration/) in 2018. Our other tech leads, [Tim Bannister](https://github.com/sftim) and [Taylor Dolezal](https://github.com/onlydole) provided extensive reviews.
Thanks also to [Björn-Erik Pedersen](https://bep.is/), who provided invaluable advice about how to navigate a Hugo upgrade beyond [version 0.60.0](https://gohugo.io/news/0.60.0-relnotes/).
The CNCF contracted with [Gearbox](https://gearboxbuilt.com/) in Victoria, BC to apply the theme to the site. Thanks to Aidan, Troy, and the rest of the team for all their work!

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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ cid: community
<br class="mobile">
</div>
<div class="navbar">
<div class="community__navbar">
<a href="#conduct">Code of conduct </a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="#videos">Videos</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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The Concepts section helps you learn about the parts of the Kubernetes system and the abstractions Kubernetes uses to represent your {{< glossary_tooltip text="cluster" term_id="cluster" length="all" >}}, and helps you obtain a deeper understanding of how Kubernetes works.
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## Overview
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* [DaemonSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)
* [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/)
* [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
* [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/)
* [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/)
## Kubernetes Control Plane
@ -60,12 +60,13 @@ The Kubernetes master is responsible for maintaining the desired state for your
The nodes in a cluster are the machines (VMs, physical servers, etc) that run your applications and cloud workflows. The Kubernetes master controls each node; you'll rarely interact with nodes directly.
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If you would like to write a concept page, see
[Using Page Templates](/docs/home/contribute/page-templates/)
for information about the concept page type and the concept template.
[Page Content Types](/docs/home/contribute/style/page-content-types/#concept)
for information about the concept page types.
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{{< feature-state state="beta" for_k8s_version="v1.11" >}}
@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ components.
The cloud-controller-manager is structured using a plugin
mechanism that allows different cloud providers to integrate their platforms with Kubernetes.
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## Design
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- update
```
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[Cloud Controller Manager Administration](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/running-cloud-controller/#cloud-controller-manager)
has instructions on running and managing the cloud controller manager.
@ -212,4 +213,3 @@ The cloud controller manager uses Go interfaces to allow implementations from an
The implementation of the shared controllers highlighted in this document (Node, Route, and Service), and some scaffolding along with the shared cloudprovider interface, is part of the Kubernetes core. Implementations specific to cloud providers are outside the core of Kubernetes and implement the `CloudProvider` interface.
For more information about developing plugins, see [Developing Cloud Controller Manager](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/developing-cloud-controller-manager/).
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- dchen1107
- liggitt
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- master-node-communication
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This document catalogs the communication paths between the control plane (really the apiserver) and the Kubernetes cluster. The intent is to allow users to customize their installation to harden the network configuration such that the cluster can be run on an untrusted network (or on fully public IPs on a cloud provider).
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## Node to Control Plane
All communication paths from the nodes to the control plane terminate at the apiserver (none of the other master components are designed to expose remote services). In a typical deployment, the apiserver is configured to listen for remote connections on a secure HTTPS port (443) with one or more forms of client [authentication](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/) enabled.
Kubernetes has a "hub-and-spoke" API pattern. All API usage from nodes (or the pods they run) terminate at the apiserver (none of the other control plane components are designed to expose remote services). The apiserver is configured to listen for remote connections on a secure HTTPS port (typically 443) with one or more forms of client [authentication](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/) enabled.
One or more forms of [authorization](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/) should be enabled, especially if [anonymous requests](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#anonymous-requests) or [service account tokens](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#service-account-tokens) are allowed.
Nodes should be provisioned with the public root certificate for the cluster such that they can connect securely to the apiserver along with valid client credentials. For example, on a default GKE deployment, the client credentials provided to the kubelet are in the form of a client certificate. See [kubelet TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/) for automated provisioning of kubelet client certificates.
@ -31,9 +31,11 @@ The control plane components also communicate with the cluster apiserver over th
As a result, the default operating mode for connections from the nodes and pods running on the nodes to the control plane is secured by default and can run over untrusted and/or public networks.
## Control Plane to node
There are two primary communication paths from the control plane (apiserver) to the nodes. The first is from the apiserver to the kubelet process which runs on each node in the cluster. The second is from the apiserver to any node, pod, or service through the apiserver's proxy functionality.
### apiserver to kubelet
The connections from the apiserver to the kubelet are used for:
* Fetching logs for pods.
@ -61,9 +63,10 @@ This tunnel ensures that the traffic is not exposed outside of the network in wh
SSH tunnels are currently deprecated so you shouldn't opt to use them unless you know what you are doing. The Konnectivity service is a replacement for this communication channel.
### Konnectivity service
{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.18" state="beta" >}}
As a replacement to the SSH tunnels, the Konnectivity service provides TCP level proxy for the control plane to Cluster communication. The Konnectivity consists of two parts, the Konnectivity server and the Konnectivity agents, running in the control plane network and the nodes network respectively. The Konnectivity agents initiate connections to the Konnectivity server and maintain the connections.
All control plane to nodes traffic then goes through these connections.
As a replacement to the SSH tunnels, the Konnectivity service provides TCP level proxy for the control plane to cluster communication. The Konnectivity service consists of two parts: the Konnectivity server and the Konnectivity agents, running in the control plane network and the nodes network respectively. The Konnectivity agents initiate connections to the Konnectivity server and maintain the network connections.
After enabling the Konnectivity service, all control plane to nodes traffic goes through these connections.
See [Konnectivity Service Setup](/docs/tasks/setup-konnectivity/) on how to set it up in your cluster.
Follow the [Konnectivity service task](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/setup-konnectivity/) to set up the Konnectivity service in your cluster.

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## Controller pattern
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or externally to Kubernetes. What fits best will depend on what that particular
controller does.
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* Read about the [Kubernetes control plane](/docs/concepts/#kubernetes-control-plane)
* Discover some of the basic [Kubernetes objects](/docs/concepts/#kubernetes-objects)
* Learn more about the [Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/)
* If you want to write your own controller, see [Extension Patterns](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/extend-cluster/#extension-patterns) in Extending Kubernetes.
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Kubernetes runs your workload by placing containers into Pods to run on _Nodes_.
A node may be a virtual or physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each node
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="container runtime" term_id="container-runtime" >}}, and the
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## Management
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See [Control Topology Management Policies on a Node](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/topology-manager/)
for more information.
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* Learn about the [components](/docs/concepts/overview/components/#node-components) that make up a node.
* Read the [API definition for Node](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#node-v1-core).
* Read the [Node](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/architecture/architecture.md#the-kubernetes-node)
section of the architecture design document.
* Read about [taints and tolerations](/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration/).
* Read about [cluster autoscaling](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#cluster-autoscaling).
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## Networking and Network Policy
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x509 certificates to use for authentication as documented
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### kubeadm
[kubeadm](/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/) is a popular option for creating kubernetes clusters.
kubeadm has configuration options to specify configuration information for cloud providers. For example a typical
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The cluster administration overview is for anyone creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster.
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## Planning a cluster
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* [Logging and Monitoring Cluster Activity](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) explains how logging in Kubernetes works and how to implement it.
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## Enabling API Priority and Fairness
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For background information on design details for API priority and fairness, see
the [enhancement proposal](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-api-machinery/20190228-priority-and-fairness.md).
You can make suggestions and feature requests via [SIG API
Machinery](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/tree/master/sig-api-machinery).
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Garbage collection is a helpful function of kubelet that will clean up unused images and unused containers. Kubelet will perform garbage collection for containers every minute and garbage collection for images every five minutes.
External garbage collection tools are not recommended as these tools can potentially break the behavior of kubelet by removing containers expected to exist.
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## Image Collection
@ -77,10 +77,11 @@ Including:
| `--low-diskspace-threshold-mb` | `--eviction-hard` or `eviction-soft` | eviction generalizes disk thresholds to other resources |
| `--outofdisk-transition-frequency` | `--eviction-pressure-transition-period` | eviction generalizes disk pressure transition to other resources |
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Application and systems logs can help you understand what is happening inside your cluster. The logs are particularly useful for debugging problems and monitoring cluster activity. Most modern applications have some kind of logging mechanism; as such, most container engines are likewise designed to support some kind of logging. The easiest and most embraced logging method for containerized applications is to write to the standard output and standard error streams.
However, the native functionality provided by a container engine or runtime is usually not enough for a complete logging solution. For example, if a container crashes, a pod is evicted, or a node dies, you'll usually still want to access your application's logs. As such, logs should have a separate storage and lifecycle independent of nodes, pods, or containers. This concept is called _cluster-level-logging_. Cluster-level logging requires a separate backend to store, analyze, and query logs. Kubernetes provides no native storage solution for log data, but you can integrate many existing logging solutions into your Kubernetes cluster.
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Cluster-level logging architectures are described in assumption that
a logging backend is present inside or outside of your cluster. If you're
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every application; however, the implementation for such a logging mechanism
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You've deployed your application and exposed it via a service. Now what? Kubernetes provides a number of tools to help you manage your application deployment, including scaling and updating. Among the features that we will discuss in more depth are [configuration files](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/) and [labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/).
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## Organizing resource configurations
@ -449,11 +449,12 @@ kubectl edit deployment/my-nginx
That's it! The Deployment will declaratively update the deployed nginx application progressively behind the scene. It ensures that only a certain number of old replicas may be down while they are being updated, and only a certain number of new replicas may be created above the desired number of pods. To learn more details about it, visit [Deployment page](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
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- Learn about [how to use `kubectl` for application introspection and debugging](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application-introspection/).
- See [Configuration Best Practices and Tips](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/).
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System component metrics can give a better look into what is happening inside them. Metrics are particularly useful for building dashboards and alerts.
Metrics in Kubernetes control plane are emitted in [prometheus format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/) and are human readable.
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## Metrics in Kubernetes
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cloudprovider_gce_api_request_duration_seconds { request = "list_disk"}
```
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* Read about the [Prometheus text format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format) for metrics
* See the list of [stable Kubernetes metrics](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/test/instrumentation/testdata/stable-metrics-list.yaml)
* Read about the [Kubernetes deprecation policy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/#deprecating-a-feature-or-behavior )
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Networking is a central part of Kubernetes, but it can be challenging to
understand exactly how it is expected to work. There are 4 distinct networking
problems to address:
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3. Pod-to-Service communications: this is covered by [services](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
4. External-to-Service communications: this is covered by [services](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
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Kubernetes is all about sharing machines between applications. Typically,
sharing machines requires ensuring that two applications do not try to use the
@ -312,12 +312,13 @@ Weave Net runs as a [CNI plug-in](https://www.weave.works/docs/net/latest/cni-pl
or stand-alone. In either version, it doesn't require any configuration or extra code
to run, and in both cases, the network provides one IP address per pod - as is standard for Kubernetes.
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The early design of the networking model and its rationale, and some future
plans are described in more detail in the [networking design
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## Proxies
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Proxies have replaced redirect capabilities. Redirects have been deprecated.
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{{< caution >}}
ConfigMap does not provide secrecy or encryption.
ConfigMap does not provide secrecy or encryption.
If the data you want to store are confidential, use a
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Secret" term_id="secret" >}} rather than a ConfigMap,
or use additional (third party) tools to keep your data private.
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## Motivation
Use a ConfigMap for setting configuration data separately from application code.
@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ These different methods lend themselves to different ways of modeling
the data being consumed.
For the first three methods, the
{{< glossary_tooltip text="kubelet" term_id="kubelet" >}} uses the data from
the Secret when it launches container(s) for a Pod.
the ConfigMap when it launches container(s) for a Pod.
The fourth method means you have to write code to read the Secret and its data.
The fourth method means you have to write code to read the ConfigMap and its data.
However, because you're using the Kubernetes API directly, your application can
subscribe to get updates whenever the ConfigMap changes, and react
when that happens. By accessing the Kubernetes API directly, this
@ -243,12 +243,13 @@ Existing Pods maintain a mount point to the deleted ConfigMap - it is recommende
these pods.
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* Read about [Secrets](/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/).
* Read [Configure a Pod to Use a ConfigMap](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/).
* Read [The Twelve-Factor App](https://12factor.net/) to understand the motivation for
separating code from configuration.
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title: Managing Resources for Containers
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Automatically places containers based on their resource requirements and other constraints, while not sacrificing availability. Mix critical and best-effort workloads in order to drive up utilization and save even more resources.
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When you specify a {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="pod" >}}, you can optionally specify how
much of each resource a {{< glossary_tooltip text="Container" term_id="container" >}} needs.
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at least the _request_ amount of that system resource specifically for that container
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## Requests and limits
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* Get hands-on experience [assigning Memory resources to Containers and Pods](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-memory-resource/).
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* Read about [project quotas](http://xfs.org/docs/xfsdocs-xml-dev/XFS_User_Guide/tmp/en-US/html/xfs-quotas.html) in XFS
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Use kubeconfig files to organize information about clusters, users, namespaces, and
authentication mechanisms. The `kubectl` command-line tool uses kubeconfig files to
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For step-by-step instructions on creating and specifying kubeconfig files, see
[Configure Access to Multiple Clusters](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters).
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## Supporting multiple clusters, users, and authentication mechanisms
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In `$HOME/.kube/config`, relative paths are stored relatively, and absolute paths
are stored absolutely.
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* [Configure Access to Multiple Clusters](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/)
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This document highlights and consolidates configuration best practices that are introduced throughout the user guide, Getting Started documentation, and examples.
This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list but might be useful to others, please don't hesitate to file an issue or submit a PR.
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## General Configuration Tips
- When defining configurations, specify the latest stable API version.
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list bu
- Don't use naked Pods (that is, Pods not bound to a [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/) or [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)) if you can avoid it. Naked Pods will not be rescheduled in the event of a node failure.
A Deployment, which both creates a ReplicaSet to ensure that the desired number of Pods is always available, and specifies a strategy to replace Pods (such as [RollingUpdate](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#rolling-update-deployment)), is almost always preferable to creating Pods directly, except for some explicit [`restartPolicy: Never`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) scenarios. A [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) may also be appropriate.
A Deployment, which both creates a ReplicaSet to ensure that the desired number of Pods is always available, and specifies a strategy to replace Pods (such as [RollingUpdate](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/#rolling-update-deployment)), is almost always preferable to creating Pods directly, except for some explicit [`restartPolicy: Never`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy) scenarios. A [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) may also be appropriate.
## Services
@ -105,5 +105,5 @@ The caching semantics of the underlying image provider make even `imagePullPolic
- Use `kubectl run` and `kubectl expose` to quickly create single-container Deployments and Services. See [Use a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/) for an example.
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In Kubernetes, the Pod's overhead is set at
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kube-state-metrics, but is expected in a following release. Users will need to build kube-state-metrics
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* [RuntimeClass](/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class/)
* [PodOverhead Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/20190226-pod-overhead.md)
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scheduler tries to preempt (evict) lower priority Pods to make scheduling of the
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exceeding its requests, it won't be evicted. Another Pod with higher priority
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* Read about using ResourceQuotas in connection with PriorityClasses: [limit Priority Class consumption by default](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/#limit-priority-class-consumption-by-default)
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## Enabling Bin Packing using RequestedToCapacityRatioResourceAllocation
@ -132,23 +132,23 @@ CPU: 1
Node Score:
intel.com/foo = resourceScoringFunction((2+1),4)
= (100 - ((4-3)*100/4)
= (100 - 25)
= 75
= rawScoringFunction(75)
= 7
= (100 - ((4-3)*100/4)
= (100 - 25)
= 75 # requested + used = 75% * available
= rawScoringFunction(75)
= 7 # floor(75/10)
Memory = resourceScoringFunction((256+256),1024)
= (100 -((1024-512)*100/1024))
= 50
= 50 # requested + used = 50% * available
= rawScoringFunction(50)
= 5
= 5 # floor(50/10)
CPU = resourceScoringFunction((2+1),8)
= (100 -((8-3)*100/8))
= 37.5
= 37.5 # requested + used = 37.5% * available
= rawScoringFunction(37.5)
= 3
= 3 # floor(37.5/10)
NodeScore = (7 * 5) + (5 * 1) + (3 * 3) / (5 + 1 + 3)
= 5
@ -194,4 +194,4 @@ NodeScore = (5 * 5) + (7 * 1) + (10 * 3) / (5 + 1 + 3)
```
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Kubernetes Secrets let you store and manage sensitive information, such
as passwords, OAuth tokens, and ssh keys. Storing confidential information in a Secret
is safer and more flexible than putting it verbatim in a
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="pod" >}} definition or in a {{< glossary_tooltip text="container image" term_id="image" >}}. See [Secrets design document](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/auth/secrets.md) for more information.
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## Overview of Secrets
@ -29,12 +29,13 @@ Pod specification or in an image. Users can create secrets and the system
also creates some secrets.
To use a secret, a Pod needs to reference the secret.
A secret can be used with a Pod in two ways:
A secret can be used with a Pod in three ways:
- As files in a
- As [files](#using-secrets-as-files-from-a-pod) in a
{{< glossary_tooltip text="volume" term_id="volume" >}} mounted on one or more of
its containers.
- By the kubelet when pulling images for the Pod.
- As [container environment variable](#using-secrets-as-environment-variables).
- By the [kubelet when pulling images](#using-imagepullsecrets) for the Pod.
### Built-in Secrets

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## Container environment
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Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS,
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* Learn more about [Container lifecycle hooks](/docs/concepts/containers/container-lifecycle-hooks/).
* Get hands-on experience
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## Overview
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1m 22s 2 {kubelet gke-test-cluster-default-pool-a07e5d30-siqd} spec.containers{main} Warning FailedPostStartHook
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* Learn more about the [Container environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/).
* Get hands-on experience
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You create your Docker image and push it to a registry before referring to it in a Kubernetes pod.
A container image represents binary data that encapsulates an application and all its
software depencies. Container images are executable software bundles that can run
standalone and that make very well defined assumptions about their runtime environment.
The `image` property of a container supports the same syntax as the `docker` command does, including private registries and tags.
You typically create a container image of your application and push it to a registry
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## Image names
Container images are usually given a name such as `pause`, `example/mycontainer`, or `kube-apiserver`.
Images can also include a registry hostname; for example: `fictional.registry.example/imagename`,
and possible a port number as well; for example: `fictional.registry.example:10443/imagename`.
If you don't specify a registry hostname, Kubernetes assumes that you mean the Docker public registry.
After the image name part you can add a _tag_ (as also using with commands such
as `docker` and `podman`).
Tags let you identify different versions of the same series of images.
Image tags consist of lowercase and uppercase letters, digits, underscores (`_`),
periods (`.`), and dashes (`-`).
There are additional rules about where you can place the separator
characters (`_`, `-`, and `.`) inside an image tag.
If you don't specify a tag, Kubernetes assumes you mean the tag `latest`.
{{< caution >}}
You should avoid using the `latest` tag when deploying containers in production,
as it is harder to track which version of the image is running and more difficult
to roll back to a working version.
Instead, specify a meaningful tag such as `v1.42.0`.
{{< /caution >}}
## Updating Images
The default pull policy is `IfNotPresent` which causes the Kubelet to skip
The default pull policy is `IfNotPresent` which causes the
{{< glossary_tooltip text="kubelet" term_id="kubelet" >}} to skip
pulling an image if it already exists. If you would like to always force a pull,
you can do one of the following:
@ -29,45 +61,16 @@ you can do one of the following:
- omit the `imagePullPolicy` and the tag for the image to use.
- enable the [AlwaysPullImages](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#alwayspullimages) admission controller.
Note that you should avoid using `:latest` tag, see [Best Practices for Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/#container-images) for more information.
## Multi-architecture Images with Manifests
## Building Multi-architecture Images with Manifests
As well as providing binary images, a container registry can also server a [container image manifest](https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md). A manifest can reference image manifests for architecture-specific versions of an container. The idea is that you can have a name for an image (for example: `pause`, `example/mycontainer`, `kube-apiserver`) and allow different systems to fetch the right binary image for the machine architecture they are using.
Docker CLI now supports the following command `docker manifest` with sub commands like `create`, `annotate` and `push`. These commands can be used to build and push the manifests. You can use `docker manifest inspect` to view the manifest.
Please see docker documentation here:
https://docs.docker.com/edge/engine/reference/commandline/manifest/
See examples on how we use this in our build harness:
https://cs.k8s.io/?q=docker%20manifest%20(create%7Cpush%7Cannotate)&i=nope&files=&repos=
These commands rely on and are implemented purely on the Docker CLI. You will need to either edit the `$HOME/.docker/config.json` and set `experimental` key to `enabled` or you can just set `DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL` environment variable to `enabled` when you call the CLI commands.
{{< note >}}
Please use Docker *18.06 or above*, versions below that either have bugs or do not support the experimental command line option. Example https://github.com/docker/cli/issues/1135 causes problems under containerd.
{{< /note >}}
If you run into trouble with uploading stale manifests, just clean up the older manifests in `$HOME/.docker/manifests` to start fresh.
For Kubernetes, we have typically used images with suffix `-$(ARCH)`. For backward compatibility, please generate the older images with suffixes. The idea is to generate say `pause` image which has the manifest for all the arch(es) and say `pause-amd64` which is backwards compatible for older configurations or YAML files which may have hard coded the images with suffixes.
Kubernetes itself typically names container images with a suffix `-$(ARCH)`. For backward compatibility, please generate the older images with suffixes. The idea is to generate say `pause` image which has the manifest for all the arch(es) and say `pause-amd64` which is backwards compatible for older configurations or YAML files which may have hard coded the images with suffixes.
## Using a Private Registry
Private registries may require keys to read images from them.
Private registries may require keys to read images from them.
Credentials can be provided in several ways:
- Using Google Container Registry
- Per-cluster
- automatically configured on Google Compute Engine or Google Kubernetes Engine
- all pods can read the project's private registry
- Using Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)
- use IAM roles and policies to control access to ECR repositories
- automatically refreshes ECR login credentials
- Using Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry (OCIR)
- use IAM roles and policies to control access to OCIR repositories
- Using Azure Container Registry (ACR)
- Using IBM Cloud Container Registry
- use IAM roles and policies to grant access to IBM Cloud Container Registry
- Configuring Nodes to Authenticate to a Private Registry
- all pods can read any configured private registries
- requires node configuration by cluster administrator
@ -76,135 +79,59 @@ Credentials can be provided in several ways:
- requires root access to all nodes to setup
- Specifying ImagePullSecrets on a Pod
- only pods which provide own keys can access the private registry
- Vendor-specific or local extensions
- if you're using a custom node configuration, you (or your cloud
provider) can implement your mechanism for authenticating the node
to the container registry.
Each option is described in more detail below.
These options are explaind in more detail below.
### Configuring Nodes to authenticate to a Private Registry
### Using Google Container Registry
If you run Docker on your nodes, you can configure the Docker container
runtuime to authenticate to a private container registry.
Kubernetes has native support for the [Google Container
Registry (GCR)](https://cloud.google.com/tools/container-registry/), when running on Google Compute
Engine (GCE). If you are running your cluster on GCE or Google Kubernetes Engine, simply
use the full image name (e.g. gcr.io/my_project/image:tag).
All pods in a cluster will have read access to images in this registry.
The kubelet will authenticate to GCR using the instance's
Google service account. The service account on the instance
will have a `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only`,
so it can pull from the project's GCR, but not push.
### Using Amazon Elastic Container Registry
Kubernetes has native support for the [Amazon Elastic Container Registry](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/), when nodes are AWS EC2 instances.
Simply use the full image name (e.g. `ACCOUNT.dkr.ecr.REGION.amazonaws.com/imagename:tag`)
in the Pod definition.
All users of the cluster who can create pods will be able to run pods that use any of the
images in the ECR registry.
The kubelet will fetch and periodically refresh ECR credentials. It needs the following permissions to do this:
- `ecr:GetAuthorizationToken`
- `ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability`
- `ecr:GetDownloadUrlForLayer`
- `ecr:GetRepositoryPolicy`
- `ecr:DescribeRepositories`
- `ecr:ListImages`
- `ecr:BatchGetImage`
Requirements:
- You must be using kubelet version `v1.2.0` or newer. (e.g. run `/usr/bin/kubelet --version=true`).
- If your nodes are in region A and your registry is in a different region B, you need version `v1.3.0` or newer.
- ECR must be offered in your region
Troubleshooting:
- Verify all requirements above.
- Get $REGION (e.g. `us-west-2`) credentials on your workstation. SSH into the host and run Docker manually with those creds. Does it work?
- Verify kubelet is running with `--cloud-provider=aws`.
- Increase kubelet log level verbosity to at least 3 and check kubelet logs (e.g. `journalctl -u kubelet`) for log lines like:
- `aws_credentials.go:109] unable to get ECR credentials from cache, checking ECR API`
- `aws_credentials.go:116] Got ECR credentials from ECR API for <AWS account ID for ECR>.dkr.ecr.<AWS region>.amazonaws.com`
### Using Azure Container Registry (ACR)
When using [Azure Container Registry](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-registry/)
you can authenticate using either an admin user or a service principal.
In either case, authentication is done via standard Docker authentication. These instructions assume the
[azure-cli](https://github.com/azure/azure-cli) command line tool.
You first need to create a registry and generate credentials, complete documentation for this can be found in
the [Azure container registry documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-registry/container-registry-get-started-azure-cli).
Once you have created your container registry, you will use the following credentials to login:
* `DOCKER_USER` : service principal, or admin username
* `DOCKER_PASSWORD`: service principal password, or admin user password
* `DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER`: `${some-registry-name}.azurecr.io`
* `DOCKER_EMAIL`: `${some-email-address}`
Once you have those variables filled in you can
[configure a Kubernetes Secret and use it to deploy a Pod](/docs/concepts/containers/images/#specifying-imagepullsecrets-on-a-pod).
### Using IBM Cloud Container Registry
IBM Cloud Container Registry provides a multi-tenant private image registry that you can use to safely store and share your images. By default, images in your private registry are scanned by the integrated Vulnerability Advisor to detect security issues and potential vulnerabilities. Users in your IBM Cloud account can access your images, or you can use IAM roles and policies to grant access to IBM Cloud Container Registry namespaces.
To install the IBM Cloud Container Registry CLI plug-in and create a namespace for your images, see [Getting started with IBM Cloud Container Registry](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/Registry?topic=Registry-getting-started).
If you are using the same account and region, you can deploy images that are stored in IBM Cloud Container Registry into the default namespace of your IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service cluster without any additional configuration, see [Building containers from images](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-images). For other configuration options, see [Understanding how to authorize your cluster to pull images from a registry](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-registry#cluster_registry_auth).
### Configuring Nodes to Authenticate to a Private Registry
This approach is suitable if you can control node configuration.
{{< note >}}
If you are running on Google Kubernetes Engine, there will already be a `.dockercfg` on each node with credentials for Google Container Registry. You cannot use this approach.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
If you are running on AWS EC2 and are using the EC2 Container Registry (ECR), the kubelet on each node will
manage and update the ECR login credentials. You cannot use this approach.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
This approach is suitable if you can control node configuration. It
will not work reliably on GCE, and any other cloud provider that does automatic
node replacement.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
Kubernetes as of now only supports the `auths` and `HttpHeaders` section of docker config. This means credential helpers (`credHelpers` or `credsStore`) are not supported.
Kubernetes as only supports the `auths` and `HttpHeaders` section in Docker configuration.
Docker credential helpers (`credHelpers` or `credsStore`) are not supported.
{{< /note >}}
Docker stores keys for private registries in the `$HOME/.dockercfg` or `$HOME/.docker/config.json` file. If you put the same file
in the search paths list below, kubelet uses it as the credential provider when pulling images.
* `{--root-dir:-/var/lib/kubelet}/config.json`
* `{cwd of kubelet}/config.json`
* `${HOME}/.docker/config.json`
* `/.docker/config.json`
* `{--root-dir:-/var/lib/kubelet}/.dockercfg`
* `{cwd of kubelet}/.dockercfg`
* `${HOME}/.dockercfg`
* `/.dockercfg`
* `{--root-dir:-/var/lib/kubelet}/config.json`
* `{cwd of kubelet}/config.json`
* `${HOME}/.docker/config.json`
* `/.docker/config.json`
* `{--root-dir:-/var/lib/kubelet}/.dockercfg`
* `{cwd of kubelet}/.dockercfg`
* `${HOME}/.dockercfg`
* `/.dockercfg`
{{< note >}}
You may have to set `HOME=/root` explicitly in your environment file for kubelet.
You may have to set `HOME=/root` explicitly in the environment of the kubelet process.
{{< /note >}}
Here are the recommended steps to configuring your nodes to use a private registry. In this
example, run these on your desktop/laptop:
1. Run `docker login [server]` for each set of credentials you want to use. This updates `$HOME/.docker/config.json`.
1. Run `docker login [server]` for each set of credentials you want to use. This updates `$HOME/.docker/config.json` on your PC.
1. View `$HOME/.docker/config.json` in an editor to ensure it contains just the credentials you want to use.
1. Get a list of your nodes, for example:
- if you want the names: `nodes=$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range.items[*].metadata}{.name} {end}')`
- if you want to get the IPs: `nodes=$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")]}{.address} {end}')`
1. Get a list of your nodes; for example:
- if you want the names: `nodes=$( kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range.items[*].metadata}{.name} {end}' )`
- if you want to get the IP addresses: `nodes=$( kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")]}{.address} {end}' )`
1. Copy your local `.docker/config.json` to one of the search paths list above.
- for example: `for n in $nodes; do scp ~/.docker/config.json root@$n:/var/lib/kubelet/config.json; done`
- for example, to test this out: `for n in $nodes; do scp ~/.docker/config.json root@"$n":/var/lib/kubelet/config.json; done`
Verify by creating a pod that uses a private image, e.g.:
{{< note >}}
For production clusers, use a configuration management tool so that you can apply this
setting to all the nodes where you need it.
{{< /note >}}
Verify by creating a Pod that uses a private image; for example:
```shell
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
@ -253,17 +180,13 @@ registry keys are added to the `.docker/config.json`.
### Pre-pulled Images
{{< note >}}
If you are running on Google Kubernetes Engine, there will already be a `.dockercfg` on each node with credentials for Google Container Registry. You cannot use this approach.
{{< /note >}}
{{< note >}}
This approach is suitable if you can control node configuration. It
will not work reliably on GCE, and any other cloud provider that does automatic
node replacement.
will not work reliably if your cloud provider manages nodes and replaces
them automatically.
{{< /note >}}
By default, the kubelet will try to pull each image from the specified registry.
By default, the kubelet tries to pull each image from the specified registry.
However, if the `imagePullPolicy` property of the container is set to `IfNotPresent` or `Never`,
then a local image is used (preferentially or exclusively, respectively).
@ -277,11 +200,11 @@ All pods will have read access to any pre-pulled images.
### Specifying ImagePullSecrets on a Pod
{{< note >}}
This approach is currently the recommended approach for Google Kubernetes Engine, GCE, and any cloud-providers
where node creation is automated.
This is the recommended approach to run containers based on images
in private registries.
{{< /note >}}
Kubernetes supports specifying registry keys on a pod.
Kubernetes supports specifying container image registry keys on a Pod.
#### Creating a Secret with a Docker Config
@ -292,11 +215,13 @@ kubectl create secret docker-registry <name> --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SER
```
If you already have a Docker credentials file then, rather than using the above
command, you can import the credentials file as a Kubernetes secret.
command, you can import the credentials file as a Kubernetes
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Secrets" term_id="secret" >}}.
[Create a Secret based on existing Docker credentials](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/pull-image-private-registry/#registry-secret-existing-credentials) explains how to set this up.
This is particularly useful if you are using multiple private container
registries, as `kubectl create secret docker-registry` creates a Secret that will
only work with a single private registry.
registries, as `kubectl create secret docker-registry` creates a Secret that
only works with a single private registry.
{{< note >}}
Pods can only reference image pull secrets in their own namespace,
@ -306,7 +231,9 @@ so this process needs to be done one time per namespace.
#### Referring to an imagePullSecrets on a Pod
Now, you can create pods which reference that secret by adding an `imagePullSecrets`
section to a pod definition.
section to a Pod definition.
For example:
```shell
cat <<EOF > pod.yaml
@ -332,13 +259,14 @@ EOF
This needs to be done for each pod that is using a private registry.
However, setting of this field can be automated by setting the imagePullSecrets
in a [serviceAccount](/docs/user-guide/service-accounts) resource.
in a [ServiceAccount](/docs/user-guide/service-accounts) resource.
Check [Add ImagePullSecrets to a Service Account](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/#add-imagepullsecrets-to-a-service-account) for detailed instructions.
You can use this in conjunction with a per-node `.docker/config.json`. The credentials
will be merged. This approach will work on Google Kubernetes Engine.
will be merged.
### Use Cases
## Use Cases
There are a number of solutions for configuring private registries. Here are some
common use cases and suggested solutions.
@ -346,7 +274,7 @@ common use cases and suggested solutions.
1. Cluster running only non-proprietary (e.g. open-source) images. No need to hide images.
- Use public images on the Docker hub.
- No configuration required.
- On GCE/Google Kubernetes Engine, a local mirror is automatically used for improved speed and availability.
- Some cloud providers automatically cache or mirror public images, which improves availability and reduces the time to pull images.
1. Cluster running some proprietary images which should be hidden to those outside the company, but
visible to all cluster users.
- Use a hosted private [Docker registry](https://docs.docker.com/registry/).
@ -354,7 +282,7 @@ common use cases and suggested solutions.
- Manually configure .docker/config.json on each node as described above.
- Or, run an internal private registry behind your firewall with open read access.
- No Kubernetes configuration is required.
- Or, when on GCE/Google Kubernetes Engine, use the project's Google Container Registry.
- Use a hosted container image registry service that controls image access
- It will work better with cluster autoscaling than manual node configuration.
- Or, on a cluster where changing the node configuration is inconvenient, use `imagePullSecrets`.
1. Cluster with proprietary images, a few of which require stricter access control.
@ -370,4 +298,6 @@ common use cases and suggested solutions.
If you need access to multiple registries, you can create one secret for each registry.
Kubelet will merge any `imagePullSecrets` into a single virtual `.docker/config.json`
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## Motivation
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- [RuntimeClass Scheduling Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/runtime-class-scheduling.md)
- Read about the [Pod Overhead](/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-overhead/) concept
- [PodOverhead Feature Design](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/20190226-pod-overhead.md)
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Be sure to also [create an entry in the table of contents](/docs/home/contribute/write-new-topic/#creating-an-entry-in-the-table-of-contents) for your new document.
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The aggregation layer allows Kubernetes to be extended with additional APIs, beyond what is offered by the core Kubernetes APIs.
The additional APIs can either be ready-made solutions such as [service-catalog](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/service-catalog/), or APIs that you develop yourself.
The aggregation layer is different from [Custom Resources](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/), which are a way to make the {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="kube-apiserver" text="kube-apiserver" >}} recognise new kinds of object.
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@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ If your extension API server cannot achieve that latency requirement, consider m
`EnableAggregatedDiscoveryTimeout=false` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) on the kube-apiserver
to disable the timeout restriction. This deprecated feature gate will be removed in a future release.
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* To get the aggregator working in your environment, [configure the aggregation layer](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer/).
* Then, [setup an extension api-server](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/) to work with the aggregation layer.
* Also, learn how to [extend the Kubernetes API using Custom Resource Definitions](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/).
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
* To get the aggregator working in your environment, [configure the aggregation layer](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/configure-aggregation-layer/).
* Then, [setup an extension api-server](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/setup-extension-api-server/) to work with the aggregation layer.
* Also, learn how to [extend the Kubernetes API using Custom Resource Definitions](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/).
* Read the specification for [APIService](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#apiservice-v1-apiregistration-k8s-io)
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## CustomResourceDefinitions
The [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/)
The [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/)
API resource allows you to define custom resources.
Defining a CRD object creates a new custom resource with a name and schema that you specify.
The Kubernetes API serves and handles the storage of your custom resource.
@ -178,17 +178,17 @@ Aggregated APIs offer more advanced API features and customization of other feat
| Feature | Description | CRDs | Aggregated API |
| ------- | ----------- | ---- | -------------- |
| Validation | Help users prevent errors and allow you to evolve your API independently of your clients. These features are most useful when there are many clients who can't all update at the same time. | Yes. Most validation can be specified in the CRD using [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#validation). Any other validations supported by addition of a [Validating Webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#validatingadmissionwebhook-alpha-in-1-8-beta-in-1-9). | Yes, arbitrary validation checks |
| Defaulting | See above | Yes, either via [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#defaulting) `default` keyword (GA in 1.17), or via a [Mutating Webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#mutatingadmissionwebhook) (though this will not be run when reading from etcd for old objects). | Yes |
| Multi-versioning | Allows serving the same object through two API versions. Can help ease API changes like renaming fields. Less important if you control your client versions. | [Yes](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definition-versioning) | Yes |
| Validation | Help users prevent errors and allow you to evolve your API independently of your clients. These features are most useful when there are many clients who can't all update at the same time. | Yes. Most validation can be specified in the CRD using [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#validation). Any other validations supported by addition of a [Validating Webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#validatingadmissionwebhook-alpha-in-1-8-beta-in-1-9). | Yes, arbitrary validation checks |
| Defaulting | See above | Yes, either via [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#defaulting) `default` keyword (GA in 1.17), or via a [Mutating Webhook](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#mutatingadmissionwebhook) (though this will not be run when reading from etcd for old objects). | Yes |
| Multi-versioning | Allows serving the same object through two API versions. Can help ease API changes like renaming fields. Less important if you control your client versions. | [Yes](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definition-versioning) | Yes |
| Custom Storage | If you need storage with a different performance mode (for example, a time-series database instead of key-value store) or isolation for security (for example, encryption of sensitive information, etc.) | No | Yes |
| Custom Business Logic | Perform arbitrary checks or actions when creating, reading, updating or deleting an object | Yes, using [Webhooks](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#admission-webhooks). | Yes |
| Scale Subresource | Allows systems like HorizontalPodAutoscaler and PodDisruptionBudget interact with your new resource | [Yes](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#scale-subresource) | Yes |
| Status Subresource | Allows fine-grained access control where user writes the spec section and the controller writes the status section. Allows incrementing object Generation on custom resource data mutation (requires separate spec and status sections in the resource) | [Yes](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#status-subresource) | Yes |
| Scale Subresource | Allows systems like HorizontalPodAutoscaler and PodDisruptionBudget interact with your new resource | [Yes](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#scale-subresource) | Yes |
| Status Subresource | Allows fine-grained access control where user writes the spec section and the controller writes the status section. Allows incrementing object Generation on custom resource data mutation (requires separate spec and status sections in the resource) | [Yes](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#status-subresource) | Yes |
| Other Subresources | Add operations other than CRUD, such as "logs" or "exec". | No | Yes |
| strategic-merge-patch | The new endpoints support PATCH with `Content-Type: application/strategic-merge-patch+json`. Useful for updating objects that may be modified both locally, and by the server. For more information, see ["Update API Objects in Place Using kubectl patch"](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/update-api-object-kubectl-patch/) | No | Yes |
| Protocol Buffers | The new resource supports clients that want to use Protocol Buffers | No | Yes |
| OpenAPI Schema | Is there an OpenAPI (swagger) schema for the types that can be dynamically fetched from the server? Is the user protected from misspelling field names by ensuring only allowed fields are set? Are types enforced (in other words, don't put an `int` in a `string` field?) | Yes, based on the [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/#validation) schema (GA in 1.16). | Yes |
| OpenAPI Schema | Is there an OpenAPI (swagger) schema for the types that can be dynamically fetched from the server? Is the user protected from misspelling field names by ensuring only allowed fields are set? Are types enforced (in other words, don't put an `int` in a `string` field?) | Yes, based on the [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#validation) schema (GA in 1.16). | Yes |
### Common Features
@ -246,12 +246,13 @@ When you add a custom resource, you can access it using:
- A REST client that you write.
- A client generated using [Kubernetes client generation tools](https://github.com/kubernetes/code-generator) (generating one is an advanced undertaking, but some projects may provide a client along with the CRD or AA).
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* Learn how to [Extend the Kubernetes API with the aggregation layer](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation/).
* Learn how to [Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/).
* Learn how to [Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/).
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title: Device Plugins
description: Use the Kubernetes device plugin framework to implement plugins for GPUs, NICs, FPGAs, InfiniBand, and similar resources that require vendor-specific setup.
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## Device plugin registration
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* The [SR-IOV Network device plugin](https://github.com/intel/sriov-network-device-plugin)
* The [Xilinx FPGA device plugins](https://github.com/Xilinx/FPGA_as_a_Service/tree/master/k8s-fpga-device-plugin/trunk) for Xilinx FPGA devices
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* Learn about [scheduling GPU resources](/docs/tasks/manage-gpus/scheduling-gpus/) using device plugins
* Learn about [advertising extended resources](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/extended-resource-node/) on a node
* Read about using [hardware acceleration for TLS ingress](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2019/04/24/hardware-accelerated-ssl/tls-termination-in-ingress-controllers-using-kubernetes-device-plugins-and-runtimeclass/) with Kubernetes
* Learn about the [Topology Manager] (/docs/tasks/adminster-cluster/topology-manager/)
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* Kubenet plugin: implements basic `cbr0` using the `bridge` and `host-local` CNI plugins
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## Installation
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* `--network-plugin=kubenet` specifies that we use the `kubenet` network plugin with CNI `bridge` and `host-local` plugins placed in `/opt/cni/bin` or `cni-bin-dir`.
* `--network-plugin-mtu=9001` specifies the MTU to use, currently only used by the `kubenet` network plugin.
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## Overview
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* Learn more about [Custom Resources](/docs/concepts/api-extension/custom-resources/)
* Learn about [Dynamic admission control](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/)
@ -207,4 +208,4 @@ the nodes chosen for a pod.
* Learn about [kubectl plugins](/docs/tasks/extend-kubectl/kubectl-plugins/)
* Learn about the [Operator pattern](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/)
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Operators are software extensions to Kubernetes that make use of [custom
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to manage applications and their components. Operators follow
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## Motivation
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You also implement an Operator (that is, a Controller) using any language / runtime
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* Learn more about [Custom Resources](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)
* Find ready-made operators on [OperatorHub.io](https://operatorhub.io/) to suit your use case
@ -129,4 +130,3 @@ that can act as a [client for the Kubernetes API](/docs/reference/using-api/clie
* Read [CoreOS' original article](https://coreos.com/blog/introducing-operators.html) that introduced the Operator pattern
* Read an [article](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/best-practices-for-building-kubernetes-operators-and-stateful-apps) from Google Cloud about best practices for building Operators
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## Introduction
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These downsides of pod-by-pod schedulers are addressed by batching or bulk scheduling in Poseidon-Firmament scheduler. Processing several pods in a batch allows the scheduler to jointly consider their placement, and thus to find the best trade-off for the whole batch instead of one pod. At the same time it amortizes work across pods resulting in much higher throughput.
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* See [Poseidon-Firmament](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/poseidon#readme) on GitHub for more information.
* See the [design document](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/poseidon/blob/master/docs/design/README.md) for Poseidon.
* Read [Firmament: Fast, Centralized Cluster Scheduling at Scale](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi16/osdi16-gog.pdf), the academic paper on the Firmament scheduling design.
* If you'd like to contribute to Poseidon-Firmament, refer to the [developer setup instructions](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/poseidon/blob/master/docs/devel/README.md).
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A service broker, as defined by the [Open service broker API spec](https://github.com/openservicebrokerapi/servicebroker/blob/v2.13/spec.md), is an endpoint for a set of managed services offered and maintained by a third-party, which could be a cloud provider such as AWS, GCP, or Azure.
@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ Some examples of managed services are Microsoft Azure Cloud Queue, Amazon Simple
Using Service Catalog, a {{< glossary_tooltip text="cluster operator" term_id="cluster-operator" >}} can browse the list of managed services offered by a service broker, provision an instance of a managed service, and bind with it to make it available to an application in the Kubernetes cluster.
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## Example use case
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key: topic
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* View [sample service brokers](https://github.com/openservicebrokerapi/servicebroker/blob/master/gettingStarted.md#sample-service-brokers).
* Explore the [kubernetes-incubator/service-catalog](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/service-catalog) project.
* View [svc-cat.io](https://svc-cat.io/docs/).
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## Control Plane Components
The control plane's components make global decisions about the cluster (for example, scheduling), as well as detecting and responding to cluster events (for example, starting up a new {{< glossary_tooltip text="pod" term_id="pod">}} when a deployment's `replicas` field is unsatisfied).
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* Learn about [Nodes](/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/)
* Learn about [Controllers](/docs/concepts/architecture/controller/)
* Learn about [kube-scheduler](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/kube-scheduler/)
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## API changes
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There are two paths to extending the API with [custom resources](/docs/concepts/api-extension/custom-resources/):
1. [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/extend-api-custom-resource-definitions/)
1. [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/)
lets you declaratively define how the API server should provide your chosen resource API.
1. You can also [implement your own extension API server](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/setup-extension-api-server/)
and use the [aggregator](/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/configure-aggregation-layer/)
1. You can also [implement your own extension API server](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/setup-extension-api-server/)
and use the [aggregator](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/configure-aggregation-layer/)
to make it seamless for clients.
## Enabling or disabling API groups
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[Controlling API Access](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/controlling-access/) describes
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Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.
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Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.
The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines [over 15 years of Google's experience](/blog/2015/04/borg-predecessor-to-kubernetes/) running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community.
@ -86,9 +86,10 @@ Kubernetes:
* Does not provide nor adopt any comprehensive machine configuration, maintenance, management, or self-healing systems.
* Additionally, Kubernetes is not a mere orchestration system. In fact, it eliminates the need for orchestration. The technical definition of orchestration is execution of a defined workflow: first do A, then B, then C. In contrast, Kubernetes comprises a set of independent, composable control processes that continuously drive the current state towards the provided desired state. It shouldn’t matter how you get from A to C. Centralized control is also not required. This results in a system that is easier to use and more powerful, robust, resilient, and extensible.
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* Take a look at the [Kubernetes Components](/docs/concepts/overview/components/)
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The metadata is organized around the concept of an _application_. Kubernetes is not
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With the MySQL `StatefulSet` and `Service` you'll notice information about both MySQL and Wordpress, the broader application, are included.
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## Understanding Kubernetes objects {#kubernetes-objects}
*Kubernetes objects* are persistent entities in the Kubernetes system. Kubernetes uses these entities to represent the state of your cluster. Specifically, they can describe:
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## Motivation
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One use case for selecting over labels is to constrain the set of nodes onto which a pod can schedule.
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## Names
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kube-system Active 1d
```
Kubernetes starts with three initial namespaces:
Kubernetes starts with four initial namespaces:
* `default` The default namespace for objects with no other namespace
* `kube-system` The namespace for objects created by the Kubernetes system
* `kube-public` This namespace is created automatically and is readable by all users (including those not authenticated). This namespace is mostly reserved for cluster usage, in case that some resources should be visible and readable publicly throughout the whole cluster. The public aspect of this namespace is only a convention, not a requirement.
* `kube-node-lease` This namespace for the lease objects associated with each node which improves the performance of the node heartbeats as the cluster scales.
### Setting the namespace for a request
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- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
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- [Kubectl Book](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io)
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Within a namespace, a Pod or Container can consume as much CPU and memory as defined by the namespace's resource quota. There is a concern that one Pod or Container could monopolize all available resources. A LimitRange is a policy to constrain resource allocations (to Pods or Containers) in a namespace.
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@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ A _LimitRange_ provides constraints that can:
## Enabling LimitRange
LimitRange support is enabled by default for many Kubernetes distributions. It is
enabled when the apiserver `--enable-admission-plugins=` flag has `LimitRanger` admission controller as
one of its arguments.
LimitRange support has been enabled by default since Kubernetes 1.10.
A LimitRange is enforced in a particular namespace when there is a
LimitRange object in that namespace.
@ -56,9 +54,10 @@ there may be contention for resources. In this case, the Containers or Pods will
Neither contention nor changes to a LimitRange will affect already created resources.
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Refer to the [LimitRanger design document](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/resource-management/admission_control_limit_range.md) for more information.
@ -72,4 +71,4 @@ For examples on using limits, see:
- a [detailed example on configuring quota per namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/quota-memory-cpu-namespace/).
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content/en/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy.md
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@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ reviewers:
- pweil-
- tallclair
title: Pod Security Policies
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{{< feature-state state="beta" >}}
Pod Security Policies enable fine-grained authorization of pod creation and
updates.
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## What is a Pod Security Policy?
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ administrator to control the following:
| Usage of host networking and ports | [`hostNetwork`, `hostPorts`](#host-namespaces) |
| Usage of volume types | [`volumes`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
| Usage of the host filesystem | [`allowedHostPaths`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
| White list of FlexVolume drivers | [`allowedFlexVolumes`](#flexvolume-drivers) |
| Allow specific FlexVolume drivers | [`allowedFlexVolumes`](#flexvolume-drivers) |
| Allocating an FSGroup that owns the pod's volumes | [`fsGroup`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
| Requiring the use of a read only root file system | [`readOnlyRootFilesystem`](#volumes-and-file-systems) |
| The user and group IDs of the container | [`runAsUser`, `runAsGroup`, `supplementalGroups`](#users-and-groups) |
@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ namespace. Doing so gives the pod access to the loopback device, services
listening on localhost, and could be used to snoop on network activity of other
pods on the same node.
**HostPorts** - Provides a whitelist of ranges of allowable ports in the host
**HostPorts** - Provides a list of ranges of allowable ports in the host
network namespace. Defined as a list of `HostPortRange`, with `min`(inclusive)
and `max`(inclusive). Defaults to no allowed host ports.
### Volumes and file systems
**Volumes** - Provides a whitelist of allowed volume types. The allowable values
**Volumes** - Provides a list of allowed volume types. The allowable values
correspond to the volume sources that are defined when creating a volume. For
the complete list of volume types, see [Types of
Volumes](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#types-of-volumes). Additionally, `*`
@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ minimum value of the first range as the default. Validates against all ranges.
all ranges if `FSGroups` is set.
- *RunAsAny* - No default provided. Allows any `fsGroup` ID to be specified.
**AllowedHostPaths** - This specifies a whitelist of host paths that are allowed
**AllowedHostPaths** - This specifies a list of host paths that are allowed
to be used by hostPath volumes. An empty list means there is no restriction on
host paths used. This is defined as a list of objects with a single `pathPrefix`
field, which allows hostPath volumes to mount a path that begins with an
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ root filesystem (i.e. no writable layer).
### FlexVolume drivers
This specifies a whitelist of FlexVolume drivers that are allowed to be used
This specifies a list of FlexVolume drivers that are allowed to be used
by flexvolume. An empty list or nil means there is no restriction on the drivers.
Please make sure [`volumes`](#volumes-and-file-systems) field contains the
`flexVolume` volume type; no FlexVolume driver is allowed otherwise.
@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ the PodSecurityPolicy. For more details on Linux capabilities, see
The following fields take a list of capabilities, specified as the capability
name in ALL_CAPS without the `CAP_` prefix.
**AllowedCapabilities** - Provides a whitelist of capabilities that may be added
**AllowedCapabilities** - Provides a list of capabilities that are allowed to be added
to a container. The default set of capabilities are implicitly allowed. The
empty set means that no additional capabilities may be added beyond the default
set. `*` can be used to allow all capabilities.
@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ specified.
### AllowedProcMountTypes
`allowedProcMountTypes` is a whitelist of allowed ProcMountTypes.
`allowedProcMountTypes` is a list of allowed ProcMountTypes.
Empty or nil indicates that only the `DefaultProcMountType` may be used.
`DefaultProcMount` uses the container runtime defaults for readonly and masked
@ -631,12 +631,13 @@ By default, all safe sysctls are allowed.
Refer to the [Sysctl documentation](
/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/sysctl-cluster/#podsecuritypolicy).
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See [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/) for policy recommendations.
Refer to [Pod Security Policy Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/#podsecuritypolicy-v1beta1-policy) for the api details.
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content/en/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas.md
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reviewers:
- derekwaynecarr
title: Resource Quotas
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When several users or teams share a cluster with a fixed number of nodes,
there is a concern that one team could use more than its fair share of resources.
Resource quotas are a tool for administrators to address this concern.
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A resource quota, defined by a `ResourceQuota` object, provides constraints that limit
aggregate resource consumption per namespace. It can limit the quantity of objects that can
@ -595,10 +595,11 @@ See [LimitedResources](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/36765) and
See a [detailed example for how to use resource quota](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/quota-api-object/).
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
See [ResourceQuota design doc](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/resource-management/admission_control_resource_quota.md) for more information.
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content/en/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node.md
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@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ reviewers:
- kevin-wangzefeng
- bsalamat
title: Assigning Pods to Nodes
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You can constrain a {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pod" term_id="pod" >}} to only be able to run on particular
{{< glossary_tooltip text="Node(s)" term_id="node" >}}, or to prefer to run on particular nodes.
@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ but there are some circumstances where you may want more control on a node where
that a pod ends up on a machine with an SSD attached to it, or to co-locate pods from two different
services that communicate a lot into the same availability zone.
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## nodeSelector
@ -213,10 +213,8 @@ as at least one already-running pod that has a label with key "security" and val
on node N if node N has a label with key `failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone` and some value V
such that there is at least one node in the cluster with key `failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone` and
value V that is running a pod that has a label with key "security" and value "S1".) The pod anti-affinity
rule says that the pod prefers not to be scheduled onto a node if that node is already running a pod with label
having key "security" and value "S2". (If the `topologyKey` were `failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone` then
it would mean that the pod cannot be scheduled onto a node if that node is in the same zone as a pod with
label having key "security" and value "S2".) See the
rule says that the pod cannot be scheduled onto a node if that node is in the same zone as a pod with
label having key "security" and value "S2". See the
[design doc](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/scheduling/podaffinity.md)
for many more examples of pod affinity and anti-affinity, both the `requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution`
flavor and the `preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` flavor.
@ -388,9 +386,10 @@ spec:
The above pod will run on the node kube-01.
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
[Taints](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/taint-and-toleration/) allow a Node to *repel* a set of Pods.
@ -402,4 +401,4 @@ Once a Pod is assigned to a Node, the kubelet runs the Pod and allocates node-lo
The [topology manager](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/topology-manager/) can take part in node-level
resource allocation decisions.
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