diff --git a/content/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates.md b/content/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates.md
index 234d97fc0a9..9193f4b07f8 100644
--- a/content/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates.md
+++ b/content/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates.md
@@ -32,24 +32,15 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
 
 <!--
 1.  Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3.
--->
-
-1.  下载、解压并初始化 easyrsa3 的补丁版本。
 
         curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz
         tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz
         cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
         ./easyrsa init-pki
-
-<!--
-1.  Generate a CA. (`--batch` set automatic mode. `--req-cn` default CN to use.)
--->
-
-1.  生成 CA（通过 `--batch` 参数设置自动模式。 通过 `--req-cn` 设置默认使用的 CN）
+1.  Generate a new certificate authority (CA). `--batch` sets automatic mode;
+    `--req-cn` specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate.
 
         ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass
-
-<!--
 1.  Generate server certificate and key.
     The argument `--subject-alt-name` sets the possible IPs and DNS names the API server will
     be accessed with. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is usually the first IP from the service CIDR
@@ -58,8 +49,33 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
     after which the certificate expires.
     The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
     DNS domain name.
+
+        ./easyrsa --subject-alt-name="IP:${MASTER_IP},"\
+        "IP:${MASTER_CLUSTER_IP},"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
+        --days=10000 \
+        build-server-full server nopass
+1.  Copy `pki/ca.crt`, `pki/issued/server.crt`, and `pki/private/server.key` to your directory.
+1.  Fill in and add the following parameters into the API server start parameters:
+
+        --client-ca-file=/yourdirectory/ca.crt
+        --tls-cert-file=/yourdirectory/server.crt
+        --tls-private-key-file=/yourdirectory/server.key
 -->
 
+1.  下载、解压并初始化 easyrsa3 的补丁版本。
+
+        curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz
+        tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz
+        cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
+        ./easyrsa init-pki
+1.  生成 CA（通过 `--batch` 参数设置自动模式。 通过 `--req-cn` 设置默认使用的 CN）
+
+        ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass
 1.  生成服务器证书和密钥。
     参数 `--subject-alt-name` 设置了访问 API 服务器时可能使用的 IP 和 DNS 名称。 `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP`
     通常为 `--service-cluster-ip-range` 参数中指定的服务 CIDR 的 首个 IP 地址，`--service-cluster-ip-range` 同时用于
@@ -75,12 +91,6 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
         "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
         --days=10000 \
         build-server-full server nopass
-
-<!--
-1.  Copy `pki/ca.crt`, `pki/issued/server.crt`, and `pki/private/server.key` to your directory.
-1.  Fill in and add the following parameters into the API server start parameters:
--->
-
 1.  拷贝 `pki/ca.crt`、 `pki/issued/server.crt` 和 `pki/private/server.key` 至您的目录。
 1.  填充并在 API 服务器的启动参数中添加以下参数：
 
@@ -94,31 +104,14 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
 **openssl** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
 
 1.  Generate a ca.key with 2048bit:
--->
-
-使用 **openssl** 能够手动地为集群生成证书。
-
-1.  生成密钥位数为 2048 的 ca.key：
 
         openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
-
-<!--
 1.  According to the ca.key generate a ca.crt (use -days to set the certificate effective time):
--->
-
-1.  依据 ca.key 生成 ca.crt （使用 -days 参数来设置证书有效时间）：
 
         openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=${MASTER_IP}" -days 10000 -out ca.crt
-
-<!--
 1.  Generate a server.key with 2048bit:
--->
-
-1.  生成密钥位数为 2048 的 server.key：
 
         openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
-
-<!--
 1.  Create a config file for generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
     Be sure to substitute the values marked with angle brackets (e.g. `<MASTER_IP>`)
     with real values before saving this to a file (e.g. `csr.conf`).
@@ -126,8 +119,64 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
     API server as described in previous subsection.
     The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
     DNS domain name.
+
+        [ req ]
+        default_bits = 2048
+        prompt = no
+        default_md = sha256
+        req_extensions = req_ext
+        distinguished_name = dn
+
+        [ dn ]
+        C = <country>
+        ST = <state>
+        L = <city>
+        O = <organization>
+        OU = <organization unit>
+        CN = <MASTER_IP>
+
+        [ req_ext ]
+        subjectAltName = @alt_names
+
+        [ alt_names ]
+        DNS.1 = kubernetes
+        DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
+        DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
+        DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster
+        DNS.5 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
+        IP.1 = <MASTER_IP>
+        IP.2 = <MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>
+
+        [ v3_ext ]
+        authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always
+        basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
+        keyUsage=keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
+        extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
+        subjectAltName=@alt_names
+1.  Generate the certificate signing request based on the config file:
+
+        openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config csr.conf
+1.  Generate the server certificate using the ca.key, ca.crt and server.csr:
+
+        openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key \
+        -CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 10000 \
+        -extensions v3_ext -extfile csr.conf
+1.  View the certificate:
+
+        openssl x509  -noout -text -in ./server.crt
 -->
 
+使用 **openssl** 能够手动地为集群生成证书。
+
+1.  生成密钥位数为 2048 的 ca.key：
+
+        openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
+1.  依据 ca.key 生成 ca.crt （使用 -days 参数来设置证书有效时间）：
+
+        openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=${MASTER_IP}" -days 10000 -out ca.crt
+1.  生成密钥位数为 2048 的 server.key：
+
+        openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
 1.  创建用于生成证书签名请求（CSR）的配置文件。
     确保在将其保存至文件（如 `csr.conf`）之前将尖括号标记的值（如 `<MASTER_IP>`）
     替换为你想使用的真实值。 注意：`MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` 是前面小节中描述的 API 服务器的服务集群 IP
@@ -166,29 +215,14 @@ manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
         keyUsage=keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
         extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
         subjectAltName=@alt_names
-
-<!--
-1.  Generate the certificate signing request based on the config file:
--->
-
 1.  基于配置文件生成证书签名请求：
 
         openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config csr.conf
-
-<!--
-1.  Generate the server certificate using the ca.key, ca.crt and server.csr:
--->
-
 1.  使用 ca.key、ca.crt 和 server.csr 生成服务器证书：
 
         openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key \
         -CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 10000 \
         -extensions v3_ext -extfile csr.conf
-
-<!--
-1.  View the certificate:
--->
-
 1.  查看证书：
 
         openssl x509  -noout -text -in ./server.crt
@@ -211,6 +245,97 @@ Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
 1.  Download, unpack and prepare the command line tools as shown below.
     Note that you may need to adapt the sample commands based on the hardware
     architecture and cfssl version you are using.
+
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.4.1/cfssl_1.4.1_linux_amd64 -o cfssl
+        chmod +x cfssl
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.4.1/cfssljson_1.4.1_linux_amd64 -o cfssljson
+        chmod +x cfssljson
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.4.1/cfssl-certinfo_1.4.1_linux_amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
+        chmod +x cfssl-certinfo
+1.  Create a directory to hold the artifacts and initialize cfssl:
+
+        mkdir cert
+        cd cert
+        ../cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
+        ../cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
+1.  Create a JSON config file for generating the CA file, for example, `ca-config.json`:
+
+        {
+          "signing": {
+            "default": {
+              "expiry": "8760h"
+            },
+            "profiles": {
+              "kubernetes": {
+                "usages": [
+                  "signing",
+                  "key encipherment",
+                  "server auth",
+                  "client auth"
+                ],
+                "expiry": "8760h"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+1.  Create a JSON config file for CA certificate signing request (CSR), for example,
+    `ca-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values marked with angle brackets with
+    real values you want to use.
+
+        {
+          "CN": "kubernetes",
+          "key": {
+            "algo": "rsa",
+            "size": 2048
+          },
+          "names":[{
+            "C": "<country>",
+            "ST": "<state>",
+            "L": "<city>",
+            "O": "<organization>",
+            "OU": "<organization unit>"
+          }]
+        }
+1.  Generate CA key (`ca-key.pem`) and certificate (`ca.pem`):
+
+        ../cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare ca
+1.  Create a JSON config file for generating keys and certificates for the API
+    server, for example, `server-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values in angle brackets with
+    real values you want to use. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster
+    IP for the API server as described in previous subsection.
+    The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
+    DNS domain name.
+
+        {
+          "CN": "kubernetes",
+          "hosts": [
+            "127.0.0.1",
+            "<MASTER_IP>",
+            "<MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>",
+            "kubernetes",
+            "kubernetes.default",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
+          ],
+          "key": {
+            "algo": "rsa",
+            "size": 2048
+          },
+          "names": [{
+            "C": "<country>",
+            "ST": "<state>",
+            "L": "<city>",
+            "O": "<organization>",
+            "OU": "<organization unit>"
+          }]
+        }
+1.  Generate the key and certificate for the API server, which are by default
+    saved into file `server-key.pem` and `server.pem` respectively:
+
+        ../cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
+        --config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes \
+        server-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare server
 -->
 
 1.  按如下所示的方式下载、解压并准备命令行工具。
@@ -222,22 +347,12 @@ Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
         chmod +x cfssljson
         curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
         chmod +x cfssl-certinfo
-
-<!--
-1.  Create a directory to hold the artifacts and initialize cfssl:
--->
-
 1.  创建目录来存放物料，并初始化 cfssl：
 
         mkdir cert
         cd cert
         ../cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
         ../cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
-
-<!--
-1.  Create a JSON config file for generating the CA file, for example, `ca-config.json`:
--->
-
 1.  创建用来生成 CA 文件的 JSON 配置文件，例如 `ca-config.json`：
 
         {
@@ -258,13 +373,6 @@ Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
             }
           }
         }
-
-<!--
-1.  Create a JSON config file for CA certificate signing request (CSR), for example,
-    `ca-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values marked with angle brackets with
-    real values you want to use.
--->
-
 1.  创建用来生成 CA 证书签名请求（CSR）的 JSON 配置文件，例如 `ca-csr.json`。
     确保将尖括号标记的值替换为你想使用的真实值。
 
@@ -282,24 +390,9 @@ Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
             "OU": "<organization unit>"
           }]
         }
-
-<!--
-1.  Generate CA key (`ca-key.pem`) and certificate (`ca.pem`):
--->
-
 1.  生成 CA 密钥（`ca-key.pem`）和证书（`ca.pem`）：
 
         ../cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare ca
-
-<!--
-1.  Create a JSON config file for generating keys and certificates for the API
-    server, for example, `server-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values in angle brackets with
-    real values you want to use. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster
-    IP for the API server as described in previous subsection.
-    The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
-    DNS domain name.
--->
-
 1.  按如下所示的方式创建用来为 API 服务器生成密钥和证书的 JSON 配置文件。
     确保将尖括号标记的值替换为你想使用的真实值。 `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` 是前面小节中描述的
     API 服务器的服务集群 IP。 下面的示例也假设用户使用 `cluster.local` 作为默认的 DNS 域名。
@@ -328,12 +421,6 @@ Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
             "OU": "<organization unit>"
           }]
         }
-
-<!--
-1.  Generate the key and certificate for the API server, which are by default
-    saved into file `server-key.pem` and `server.pem` respectively:
--->
-
 1.  为 API 服务器生成密钥和证书，生成的秘钥和证书分别默认保存在文件 `server-key.pem`
     和 `server.pem` 中：