[zh-cn] sync blog 2025-05-28-gateway-api-v1.3
Eason1118
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@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
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---
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layout: blog
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title: "Gateway API v1.3.0：流量复制、CORS、Gateway 合并和重试预算的改进"
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date: 2025-06-02T09:00:00-08:00
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draft: false
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slug: gateway-api-v1-3
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author: >
|
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[Candace Holman](https://github.com/candita) (Red Hat)
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translator: >
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[Wenjun Lou](https://github.com/Eason1118)
|
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---
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<!--
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||||
layout: blog
|
||||
title: "Gateway API v1.3.0: Advancements in Request Mirroring, CORS, Gateway Merging, and Retry Budgets"
|
||||
date: 2025-06-02T09:00:00-08:00
|
||||
draft: false
|
||||
slug: gateway-api-v1-3
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author: >
|
||||
[Candace Holman](https://github.com/candita) (Red Hat)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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<!--
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||||
Join us in the Kubernetes SIG Network community in celebrating the general
|
||||
availability of [Gateway API](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/) v1.3.0! We are
|
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also pleased to announce that there are already a number of conformant
|
||||
implementations to try, made possible by postponing this blog
|
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announcement. Version 1.3.0 of the API was released about a month ago on
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||||
April 24, 2025.
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-->
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加入 Kubernetes SIG Network 社区，共同庆祝 [Gateway API](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/) v1.3.0 正式发布！
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我们很高兴地宣布，通过推迟这篇博客的发布，现在已经有了多个符合规范的实现可供试用。
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API 1.3.0 版本已于 2025 年 4 月 24 日发布。
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|
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<!--
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||||
Gateway API v1.3.0 brings a new feature to the _Standard_ channel
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(Gateway API's GA release channel): _percentage-based request mirroring_, and
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introduces three new experimental features: cross-origin resource sharing (CORS)
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filters, a standardized mechanism for listener and gateway merging, and retry
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budgets.
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-->
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Gateway API v1.3.0 为 **Standard** 渠道（Gateway API 的正式发布渠道）带来了一个新功能：**基于百分比的流量复制**，
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并引入了三个新的实验性功能：
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- 跨源资源共享（CORS）过滤器
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- Listener 和 Gateway 合并的标准化机制
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- 重试预算（Retry Budgets）
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<!--
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Also see the full
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[release notes](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/54df0a899c1c5c845dd3a80f05dcfdf65576f03c/CHANGELOG/1.3-CHANGELOG.md)
|
||||
and applaud the
|
||||
[v1.3.0 release team](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/54df0a899c1c5c845dd3a80f05dcfdf65576f03c/CHANGELOG/1.3-TEAM.md)
|
||||
next time you see them.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
另请查看完整的[发布说明](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/54df0a899c1c5c845dd3a80f05dcfdf65576f03c/CHANGELOG/1.3-CHANGELOG.md)，
|
||||
下次见到 [v1.3.0 发布团队](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/54df0a899c1c5c845dd3a80f05dcfdf65576f03c/CHANGELOG/1.3-TEAM.md) 时请为他们鼓掌。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Graduation to Standard channel
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 升级至 Standard 渠道 {#graduation-to-standard-channel}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Graduation to the Standard channel is a notable achievement for Gateway API
|
||||
features, as inclusion in the Standard release channel denotes a high level of
|
||||
confidence in the API surface and provides guarantees of backward compatibility.
|
||||
Of course, as with any other Kubernetes API, Standard channel features can continue
|
||||
to evolve with backward-compatible additions over time, and we (SIG Network)
|
||||
certainly expect
|
||||
further refinements and improvements in the future. For more information on how
|
||||
all of this works, refer to the [Gateway API Versioning Policy](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/concepts/versioning/).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
对于 Gateway API 的功能来说，升级到 Standard 渠道是一个重要的里程碑。
|
||||
被纳入 Standard 发布渠道表明我们对该 API 接口的稳定性具有高度信心，并且承诺向后兼容。
|
||||
当然，与任何其他 Kubernetes API 一样， Standard 渠道中的功能仍可通过向后兼容的方式不断演进。
|
||||
我们（SIG Network）也确实预计未来会有进一步的优化和改进。
|
||||
有关这一切如何运作的更多信息，请参阅 [Gateway API 版本控制策略](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/concepts/versioning/)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Percentage-based request mirroring
|
||||
|
||||
Leads: [Lior Lieberman](https://github.com/LiorLieberman),[Jake Bennert](https://github.com/jakebennert)
|
||||
GEP-3171: [Percentage-Based Request Mirroring](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/geps/gep-3171/index.md)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 基于百分比的流量复制 {#percentage-based-request-mirroring}
|
||||
|
||||
负责人：[Lior Lieberman](https://github.com/LiorLieberman)、[Jake Bennert](https://github.com/jakebennert)
|
||||
GEP-3171：[基于百分比的流量复制](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/geps/gep-3171/index.md)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
_Percentage-based request mirroring_ is an enhancement to the
|
||||
existing support for [HTTP request mirroring](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/http-request-mirroring/), which allows HTTP requests to be duplicated to another backend using the
|
||||
RequestMirror filter type. Request mirroring is particularly useful in
|
||||
blue-green deployment. It can be used to assess the impact of request scaling on
|
||||
application performance without impacting responses to clients.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
**基于百分比的流量复制**是对现有 [HTTP 流量复制](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/http-request-mirroring/) 支持的增强，
|
||||
它允许使用 RequestMirror 过滤器类型将 HTTP 请求复制到另一个后端。流量复制在蓝绿部署中特别有用。
|
||||
它可用于评估流量波动对应用程序性能的影响，而不会影响对客户端的响应。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The previous mirroring capability worked on all the requests to a `backendRef`.
|
||||
Percentage-based request mirroring allows users to specify a subset of requests
|
||||
they want to be mirrored, either by percentage or fraction. This can be
|
||||
particularly useful when services are receiving a large volume of requests.
|
||||
Instead of mirroring all of those requests, this new feature can be used to
|
||||
mirror a smaller subset of them.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
之前的流量复制功能适用于对 `backendRef` 的所有请求。基于百分比的流量复制允许用户指定他们想要复制的请求子集，
|
||||
可以通过百分比或分数来指定。当服务接收大量请求时，这特别有用。这个新功能可以用来复制这些请求中的一小部分，
|
||||
而不是复制所有请求。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Here's an example with 42% of the requests to "foo-v1" being mirrored to "foo-v2":
|
||||
-->
|
||||
以下是一个示例，将发送到 "foo-v1" 的流量的 42% 复制到 "foo-v2"：
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: HTTPRoute
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: http-filter-mirror
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
gateway: mirror-gateway
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRefs:
|
||||
- name: mirror-gateway
|
||||
hostnames:
|
||||
- mirror.example
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
- backendRefs:
|
||||
- name: foo-v1
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
- type: RequestMirror
|
||||
requestMirror:
|
||||
backendRef:
|
||||
name: foo-v2
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
percent: 42 # This value must be an integer.
|
||||
```
|
||||
-->
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: HTTPRoute
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: http-filter-mirror
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
gateway: mirror-gateway
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRefs:
|
||||
- name: mirror-gateway
|
||||
hostnames:
|
||||
- mirror.example
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
- backendRefs:
|
||||
- name: foo-v1
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
- type: RequestMirror
|
||||
requestMirror:
|
||||
backendRef:
|
||||
name: foo-v2
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
percent: 42 # 此值必须为整数。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
You can also configure the partial mirroring using a fraction. Here is an example
|
||||
with 5 out of every 1000 requests to "foo-v1" being mirrored to "foo-v2".
|
||||
-->
|
||||
你也可以通过调整分数来实现部分流量复制。
|
||||
以下是一个示例，在发送到 "foo-v1" 的请求中，将每 1000 个中的 5 个复制到 "foo-v2"。
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
- backendRefs:
|
||||
- name: foo-v1
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
- type: RequestMirror
|
||||
requestMirror:
|
||||
backendRef:
|
||||
name: foo-v2
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
fraction:
|
||||
numerator: 5
|
||||
denominator: 1000
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Additions to Experimental channel
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 实验渠道的新特性 {#additions-to-Experimental-channel}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The Experimental channel is Gateway API's channel for experimenting with new
|
||||
features and gaining confidence with them before allowing them to graduate to
|
||||
standard. Please note: the experimental channel may include features that are
|
||||
changed or removed later.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
实验渠道（Experimental channel）是 Gateway API 用于试验新功能的渠道，以便在功能成熟之前积累足够信心，
|
||||
再将其升级为 Standard 渠道功能。
|
||||
请注意：实验渠道可能包含后续会被更改或移除的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Starting in release v1.3.0, in an effort to distinguish Experimental channel
|
||||
resources from Standard channel resources, any new experimental API kinds have the
|
||||
prefix "**X**". For the same reason, experimental resources are now added to the
|
||||
API group `gateway.networking.x-k8s.io` instead of `gateway.networking.k8s.io`.
|
||||
Bear in mind that using new experimental channel resources means they can coexist
|
||||
with standard channel resources, but migrating these resources to the standard
|
||||
channel will require recreating them with the standard channel names and API
|
||||
group (both of which lack the "x-k8s" designator or "X" prefix).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
从 v1.3.0 版本开始，为了区分实验渠道资源和 Standard 渠道资源，
|
||||
所有新的实验性 API 类型都带有 "**X**" 前缀。
|
||||
出于同样的原因，实验性资源现在被添加到 API 组 `gateway.networking.x-k8s.io`，
|
||||
而不是 `gateway.networking.k8s.io`。
|
||||
请注意，使用新的实验渠道资源意味着它们可以与 Standard 渠道资源共存，
|
||||
若要将这些资源迁移到 Standard 渠道，则需要使用 Standard 渠道的名称和 API 组
|
||||
（两者都不包含 "x-k8s" 标识或 "X" 前缀）来重新创建它们。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The v1.3 release introduces two new experimental API kinds: XBackendTrafficPolicy
|
||||
and XListenerSet. To be able to use experimental API kinds, you need to install
|
||||
the Experimental channel Gateway API YAMLs from the locations listed below.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
v1.3 版本引入了两个新的实验性 API 类型：XBackendTrafficPolicy 和 XListenerSet。
|
||||
要使用实验性 API 类型，你需要从下面列出的位置安装实验渠道 Gateway API YAML 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### CORS filtering
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### CORS 过滤 {#cors-filtering}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Leads: [Liang Li](https://github.com/liangli), [Eyal Pazz](https://github.com/EyalPazz), [Rob Scott](https://github.com/robscott)
|
||||
|
||||
GEP-1767: [CORS Filter](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/geps/gep-1767/index.md)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
负责人：[Liang Li](https://github.com/liangli)、[Eyal Pazz](https://github.com/EyalPazz)、[Rob Scott](https://github.com/robscott)
|
||||
|
||||
GEP-1767：[CORS 过滤器](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/geps/gep-1767/index.md)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) is an HTTP-header based mechanism that allows
|
||||
a web page to access restricted resources from a server on an origin (domain,
|
||||
scheme, or port) different from the domain that served the web page. This feature
|
||||
adds a new HTTPRoute `filter` type, called "CORS", to configure the handling of
|
||||
cross-origin requests before the response is sent back to the client.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
跨源资源共享（CORS）是一种基于 HTTP Header 的机制，
|
||||
允许网页从与提供网页的域不同的源（域名、协议或端口）访问受限资源。
|
||||
此功能添加了一个新的 HTTPRoute `filter` 类型，
|
||||
称为 "CORS"，用于在响应发送回客户端之前配置跨源请求的处理。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
To be able to use experimental CORS filtering, you need to install the
|
||||
[Experimental channel Gateway API HTTPRoute yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.k8s.io_httproutes.yaml).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
要使用实验性 CORS 过滤，你需要安装[实验渠道 Gateway API HTTPRoute yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.k8s.io_httproutes.yaml)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Here's an example of a simple cross-origin configuration:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
以下是一个简单的跨源配置示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: HTTPRoute
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: http-route-cors
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRefs:
|
||||
- name: http-gateway
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
- matches:
|
||||
- path:
|
||||
type: PathPrefix
|
||||
value: /resource/foo
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
- cors:
|
||||
- type: CORS
|
||||
allowOrigins:
|
||||
- *
|
||||
allowMethods:
|
||||
- GET
|
||||
- HEAD
|
||||
- POST
|
||||
allowHeaders:
|
||||
- Accept
|
||||
- Accept-Language
|
||||
- Content-Language
|
||||
- Content-Type
|
||||
- Range
|
||||
backendRefs:
|
||||
- kind: Service
|
||||
name: http-route-cors
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
In this case, the Gateway returns an _origin header_ of "*", which means that the
|
||||
requested resource can be referenced from any origin, a _methods header_
|
||||
(`Access-Control-Allow-Methods`) that permits the `GET`, `HEAD`, and `POST`
|
||||
verbs, and a _headers header_ allowing `Accept`, `Accept-Language`,
|
||||
`Content-Language`, `Content-Type`, and `Range`.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
在这种情况下，Gateway 返回一个 **origin header** 为 "*"，这意味着请求的资源可以从任何源引用；
|
||||
一个 **methods header** （`Access-Control-Allow-Methods`）允许 `GET`、`HEAD` 和 `POST` 方法；
|
||||
此外，还会返回一个 **headers header** ，允许的字段包括 `Accept`、`Accept-Language`、
|
||||
`Content-Language`、`Content-Type` 和 `Range`。
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
|
||||
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, HEAD, POST
|
||||
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Accept,Accept-Language,Content-Language,Content-Type,Range
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The complete list of fields in the new CORS filter:
|
||||
* `allowOrigins`
|
||||
* `allowMethods`
|
||||
* `allowHeaders`
|
||||
* `allowCredentials`
|
||||
* `exposeHeaders`
|
||||
* `maxAge`
|
||||
|
||||
See [CORS protocol](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-cors-protocol) for details.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
新的 CORS 过滤器中的完整字段列表如下：
|
||||
* `allowOrigins`：允许的请求来源列表。
|
||||
* `allowMethods`：允许的 HTTP 方法（如 `GET`、`POST` 等）。
|
||||
* `allowHeaders`：允许携带的请求头字段。
|
||||
* `allowCredentials`：是否允许携带凭据（如 Cookie、Authorization 头等）。
|
||||
* `exposeHeaders`：允许客户端访问的响应头字段。
|
||||
* `maxAge`：预检请求的缓存持续时间（单位：秒）。
|
||||
|
||||
有关详细信息，请参阅 [CORS 协议](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-cors-protocol)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### XListenerSets (standardized mechanism for Listener and Gateway merging){#XListenerSet}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### XListenerSets（Listener 和 Gateway 合并的标准化机制）{#XListenerSet}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Lead: [Dave Protasowski](https://github.com/dprotaso)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
负责人：[Dave Protasowski](https://github.com/dprotaso)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
GEP-1713: [ListenerSets - Standard Mechanism to Merge Multiple Gateways](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/pull/3213)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
GEP-1713：[ListenerSets - 合并多个 Gateway 的标准机制](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/pull/3213)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
This release adds a new experimental API kind, XListenerSet, that allows a
|
||||
shared list of _listeners_ to be attached to one or more parent Gateway(s). In
|
||||
addition, it expands upon the existing suggestion that Gateway API implementations
|
||||
may merge configuration from multiple Gateway objects. It also:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
此版本添加了一个新的实验性 API 类型 XListenerSet，它允许将 **listeners** 的共享列表附加到一个或多个父 Gateway。
|
||||
此外，它还扩展了现有的建议，即 Gateway API 实现可以合并来自多个 Gateway 对象的配置。它还包括：
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- adds a new field `allowedListeners` to the `.spec` of a Gateway. The
|
||||
`allowedListeners` field defines from which Namespaces to select XListenerSets
|
||||
that are allowed to attach to that Gateway: Same, All, None, or Selector based.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- 向 Gateway 的 `.spec` 添加了一个新字段 `allowedListeners`。
|
||||
`allowedListeners` 字段定义了从哪些命名空间选择允许附加到该 Gateway 的 XListenerSets：
|
||||
Same（同一命名空间）、All（所有命名空间）、None（不允许）、或基于选择器（Selector）的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- increases the previous maximum number (64) of listeners with the addition of
|
||||
XListenerSets.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- 通过添加 XListenerSets 增加了之前的监听器最大数量（64）。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- allows the delegation of listener configuration, such as TLS, to applications in
|
||||
other namespaces.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- 允许将监听器配置（如 TLS）委托给其他命名空间中的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
To be able to use experimental XListenerSet, you need to install the
|
||||
[Experimental channel Gateway API XListenerSet yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.x-k8s.io_xlistenersets.yaml).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
要使用实验性 XListenerSet，你需要安装[实验渠道 Gateway API XListenerSet yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.x-k8s.io_xlistenersets.yaml)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The following example shows a Gateway with an HTTP listener and two child HTTPS
|
||||
XListenerSets with unique hostnames and certificates. The combined set of listeners
|
||||
attached to the Gateway includes the two additional HTTPS listeners in the
|
||||
XListenerSets that attach to the Gateway. This example illustrates the
|
||||
delegation of listener TLS config to application owners in different namespaces
|
||||
("store" and "app"). The HTTPRoute has both the Gateway listener named "foo" and
|
||||
one XListenerSet listener named "second" as `parentRefs`.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
以下示例展示了一个带有 HTTP 监听器和两个子 HTTPS XListenerSets 的 Gateway，
|
||||
每个 XListenerSet 都有唯一的主机名和证书。
|
||||
最终附加到该 Gateway 的监听器集合包含这两个附加的 HTTPS `XListenerSet` 监听器。
|
||||
此示例说明了将监听器 TLS 配置委托给不同命名空间（"store" 和 "app"）中的应用程序所有者。
|
||||
HTTPRoute 同时将名为 `"foo"` 的 Gateway 监听器和一个名为 `"second"` 的 `XListenerSet`
|
||||
监听器设置为其 `parentRefs`。
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: Gateway
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: prod-external
|
||||
namespace: infra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
gatewayClassName: example
|
||||
allowedListeners:
|
||||
- from: All
|
||||
listeners:
|
||||
- name: foo
|
||||
hostname: foo.com
|
||||
protocol: HTTP
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
|
||||
kind: XListenerSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: store
|
||||
namespace: store
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRef:
|
||||
name: prod-external
|
||||
listeners:
|
||||
- name: first
|
||||
hostname: first.foo.com
|
||||
protocol: HTTPS
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
tls:
|
||||
mode: Terminate
|
||||
certificateRefs:
|
||||
- kind: Secret
|
||||
group: ""
|
||||
name: first-workload-cert
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
|
||||
kind: XListenerSet
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: app
|
||||
namespace: app
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRef:
|
||||
name: prod-external
|
||||
listeners:
|
||||
- name: second
|
||||
hostname: second.foo.com
|
||||
protocol: HTTPS
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
tls:
|
||||
mode: Terminate
|
||||
certificateRefs:
|
||||
- kind: Secret
|
||||
group: ""
|
||||
name: second-workload-cert
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: HTTPRoute
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: httproute-example
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
parentRefs:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
kind: XListenerSet
|
||||
sectionName: second
|
||||
- name: parent-gateway
|
||||
kind: Gateway
|
||||
sectionName: foo
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Each listener in a Gateway must have a unique combination of `port`, `protocol`,
|
||||
(and `hostname` if supported by the protocol) in order for all listeners to be
|
||||
**compatible** and not conflicted over which traffic they should receive.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
Gateway 中的每个监听器必须具有唯一的 `port`、`protocol` 组合
|
||||
（如果协议支持，还包括 `hostname`），
|
||||
以便所有监听器都**兼容**，并且不会在它们应该接收的流量上发生冲突。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Furthermore, implementations can _merge_ separate Gateways into a single set of
|
||||
listener addresses if all listeners across those Gateways are compatible. The
|
||||
management of merged listeners was under-specified in releases prior to v1.3.0.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
此外，如果这些 Gateway 上的所有监听器都兼容，实现可以将单独的 Gateway **合并**为单个监听器地址集。
|
||||
在 v1.3.0 之前的版本中，合并监听器的管理规范不足。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
With the new feature, the specification on merging is expanded. Implementations
|
||||
must treat the parent Gateways as having the merged list of all listeners from
|
||||
itself and from attached XListenerSets, and validation of this list of listeners
|
||||
must behave the same as if the list were part of a single Gateway. Within a single
|
||||
Gateway, listeners are ordered using the following precedence:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
通过新功能，合并规范得到了扩展。实现必须将父 Gateway 视为具有来自自身和附加的 XListenerSets
|
||||
的所有监听器的合并列表，
|
||||
并且对该监听器列表的验证行为应与其作为单个 Gateway 的一部分。
|
||||
在单个 Gateway 内，监听器使用以下优先级排序：
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
1. Single Listeners (not a part of an XListenerSet) first,
|
||||
-->
|
||||
1. 首先是单个监听器（而不是 XListenerSet 的一部分），
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
2. Remaining listeners ordered by:
|
||||
- object creation time (oldest first), and if two listeners are defined in
|
||||
objects that have the same timestamp, then
|
||||
- alphabetically based on "{namespace}/{name of listener}"
|
||||
-->
|
||||
2. 其余监听器按以下顺序排序：
|
||||
- 按对象创建时间排序（最早创建的优先）；如果两个监听器所在的对象具有相同的时间戳，
|
||||
则按照 `{namespace}/{监听器名称}` 的字母顺序排序
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Retry budgets (XBackendTrafficPolicy) {#XBackendTrafficPolicy}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 重试预算（Retry budgets）（XBackendTrafficPolicy）{#XBackendTrafficPolicy}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Leads: [Eric Bishop](https://github.com/ericdbishop), [Mike Morris](https://github.com/mikemorris)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
负责人：[Eric Bishop](https://github.com/ericdbishop)、[Mike Morris](https://github.com/mikemorris)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
GEP-3388: [Retry Budgets](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/geps/gep-3388)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
GEP-3388：[重试预算（Retry budgets）](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/geps/gep-3388)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
This feature allows you to configure a _retry budget_ across all endpoints
|
||||
of a destination Service. This is used to limit additional client-side retries
|
||||
after reaching a configured threshold. When configuring the budget, the maximum
|
||||
percentage of active requests that may consist of retries may be specified, as well as
|
||||
the interval over which requests will be considered when calculating the threshold
|
||||
for retries. The development of this specification changed the existing
|
||||
experimental API kind BackendLBPolicy into a new experimental API kind,
|
||||
XBackendTrafficPolicy, in the interest of reducing the proliferation of policy
|
||||
resources that had commonalities.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
此功能允许你为目标服务的所有端点配置**重试预算（Retry budgets）**。
|
||||
用于在达到配置的阈值后限制额外的客户端重试。
|
||||
配置预算时，可以指定可能包含重试在内的活动请求的最大百分比，
|
||||
以及在计算重试阈值时考虑请求的时间间隔。
|
||||
此规范的开发将现有的实验性 API 类型 BackendLBPolicy 更改为新的实验性 API 类型 XBackendTrafficPolicy，
|
||||
以减少具有共同点的策略资源的扩散。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
To be able to use experimental retry budgets, you need to install the
|
||||
[Experimental channel Gateway API XBackendTrafficPolicy yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.x-k8s.io_xbackendtrafficpolicies.yaml).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
要使用实验性重试预算（Retry budgets），你需要安装[实验渠道 Gateway API XBackendTrafficPolicy yaml](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/blob/main/config/crd/experimental/gateway.networking.x-k8s.io_xbackendtrafficpolicies.yaml)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The following example shows an XBackendTrafficPolicy that applies a
|
||||
`retryConstraint` that represents a budget that limits the retries to a maximum
|
||||
of 20% of requests, over a duration of 10 seconds, and to a minimum of 3 retries
|
||||
over 1 second.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
以下示例显示了一个 XBackendTrafficPolicy，它应用了一个 `retryConstraint` （重试约束），
|
||||
表示一个 重试预算（Retry budgets） ，将重试限制为最多 20% 的请求，持续时间为 10 秒，
|
||||
并且在 1 秒内最少重试 3 次。
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: gateway.networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
|
||||
kind: XBackendTrafficPolicy
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: traffic-policy-example
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
retryConstraint:
|
||||
budget:
|
||||
percent: 20
|
||||
interval: 10s
|
||||
minRetryRate:
|
||||
count: 3
|
||||
interval: 1s
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Try it out
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 试用
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Unlike other Kubernetes APIs, you don't need to upgrade to the latest version of
|
||||
Kubernetes to get the latest version of Gateway API. As long as you're running
|
||||
Kubernetes 1.26 or later, you'll be able to get up and running with this version
|
||||
of Gateway API.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
与其他 Kubernetes API 不同，你不需要升级到最新版本的 Kubernetes 来获取最新版本的 Gateway API。
|
||||
只要你运行的是 Kubernetes 1.26 或更高版本，你就可以使用此版本的 Gateway API 启动和运行。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
To try out the API, follow the [Getting Started Guide](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/).
|
||||
As of this writing, four implementations are already conformant with Gateway API
|
||||
v1.3 experimental channel features. In alphabetical order:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
要试用 API，请按照[入门指南](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides/)操作。
|
||||
截至本文撰写时，已有四个实现符合 Gateway API v1.3 实验渠道功能。按字母顺序排列：
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- [Airlock Microgateway 4.6](https://github.com/airlock/microgateway/releases/tag/4.6.0)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- [Airlock Microgateway 4.6](https://github.com/airlock/microgateway/releases/tag/4.6.0)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- [Cilium main](https://github.com/cilium/cilium)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- [Cilium main](https://github.com/cilium/cilium)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- [Envoy Gateway v1.4.0](https://github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/releases/tag/v1.4.0)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- [Envoy Gateway v1.4.0](https://github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/releases/tag/v1.4.0)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
- [Istio 1.27-dev](https://istio.io)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
- [Istio 1.27-dev](https://istio.io)
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Get involved
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 参与其中
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Wondering when a feature will be added? There are lots of opportunities to get
|
||||
involved and help define the future of Kubernetes routing APIs for both ingress
|
||||
and service mesh.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
想知道何时会添加功能？有很多机会参与并帮助定义 Kubernetes API 路由的未来，包括 Ingress 和服务网格。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* Check out the [user guides](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides) to see what use-cases can be addressed.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* 查看[用户指南](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/guides)了解可以解决哪些用例。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* Try out one of the [existing Gateway controllers](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* 试用[现有的 Gateway 控制器](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/implementations/)之一。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* Or [join us in the community](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/)
|
||||
and help us build the future of Gateway API together!
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* 或者[加入我们的社区](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/contributing/)，
|
||||
帮助我们共同构建 Gateway API 的未来！
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The maintainers would like to thank _everyone_ who's contributed to Gateway
|
||||
API, whether in the form of commits to the repo, discussion, ideas, or general
|
||||
support. We could never have made this kind of progress without the support of
|
||||
this dedicated and active community.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
维护者衷心感谢**所有**为 Gateway API 做出贡献的人，无论是通过提交代码、讨论、想法还是提供其他支持。
|
||||
没有这个充满热情和活力的社区，我们永远无法取得如此进展。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Related Kubernetes blog articles
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 相关 Kubernetes 博客文章
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.2: WebSockets, Timeouts, Retries, and More](/blog/2024/11/21/gateway-api-v1-2/)
|
||||
(November 2024)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.2：WebSockets、超时、重试等](/blog/2024/11/21/gateway-api-v1-2/)
|
||||
（2024 年 11 月）
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.1: Service mesh, GRPCRoute, and a whole lot more](/blog/2024/05/09/gateway-api-v1-1/)
|
||||
(May 2024)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.1：服务网格、GRPCRoute 和更多变化](/zh-cn/blog/2024/05/09/gateway-api-v1-1/)
|
||||
（2024 年 5 月）
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* [New Experimental Features in Gateway API v1.0](/blog/2023/11/28/gateway-api-ga/)
|
||||
(November 2023)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.0 中的新实验功能](/blog/2023/11/28/gateway-api-ga/)
|
||||
（2023 年 11 月）
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.0: GA Release](/blog/2023/10/31/gateway-api-ga/)
|
||||
(October 2023)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* [Gateway API v1.0：正式发布（GA）](/zh-cn/blog/2023/10/31/gateway-api-ga/)
|
||||
（2023 年 10 月）
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue