Merge pull request #27567 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-task-install-kubectl-on-windows2
[zh] translate task/Install and Set Up kubectl on Windowspull/27585/head
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---
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title: 在 Windows 上安装 kubectl
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: Windows 安装 kubectl
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---
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<!--
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---
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reviewers:
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- mikedanese
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title: Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: Install kubectl on Windows
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---
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-->
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
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For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
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Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
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-->
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kubectl 版本和集群版本之间的差异必须在一个小版本号内。
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例如：v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
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用最新版的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on Windows
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-->
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## 在 Windows 上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-windows}
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<!--
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The following methods exist for installing kubectl on Windows:
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-->
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在 Windows 系统中安装 kubectl 有如下几种方法：
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- [用 curl 在 Windows 上安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-windows)
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- [用 PowerShell 从 PSGallery 安装](#install-with-powershell-from-psgallery)
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- [在 Windows 上用 Chocolatey 或 Scoop 安装](#install-on-windows-using-chocolatey-or-scoop)
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- [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Windows 上安装](#install-on-windows-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
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<!--
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on Windows
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-->
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### 用 curl 在 Windows 上安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-windows}
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<!--
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1. Download the [latest release {{< param "fullversion" >}}](https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe).
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Or if you have `curl` installed, use this command:
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-->
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1. 下载 [最新发行版 {{< param "fullversion" >}}](https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)。
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如果你已安装了 `curl`,也可以使用此命令：
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```powershell
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curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
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```
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<!--
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To find out the latest stable version (for example, for scripting), take a look at [https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt](https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt).
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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要想找到最新稳定的版本（例如：为了编写脚本），可以看看这里 [https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt](https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Validate the binary (optional)
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Download the kubectl checksum file:
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-->
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1. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）
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下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
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```powershell
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curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe.sha256
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```
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<!--
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Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
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-->
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基于校验和文件，验证 kubectl 的可执行文件：
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<!--
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- Using Command Prompt to manually compare `CertUtil`'s output to the checksum file downloaded:
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-->
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- 在命令行环境中，手工对比 `CertUtil` 命令的输出与校验和文件：
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```cmd
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CertUtil -hashfile kubectl.exe SHA256
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type kubectl.exe.sha256
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```
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<!--
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- Using PowerShell to automate the verification using the `-eq` operator to get a `True` or `False` result:
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-->
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- 用 PowerShell 自动验证，用运算符 `-eq` 来直接取得 `True` 或 `False` 的结果：
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```powershell
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$($(CertUtil -hashfile .\kubectl.exe SHA256)[1] -replace " ", "") -eq $(type .\kubectl.exe.sha256)
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```
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<!--
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1. Add the binary in to your `PATH`.
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1. Test to ensure the version of `kubectl` is the same as downloaded:
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-->
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1. 将可执行文件的路径添加到 `PATH`。
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1. 测试一下，确保此 `kubectl` 的版本和期望版本一致：
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```cmd
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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[Docker Desktop for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/#kubernetes) adds its own version of `kubectl` to `PATH`.
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If you have installed Docker Desktop before, you may need to place your `PATH` entry before the one added by the Docker Desktop installer or remove the Docker Desktop's `kubectl`.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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[Windows 版的 Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/#kubernetes)
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将其自带版本的 `kubectl` 添加到 `PATH`。
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如果你之前安装过 Docker Desktop，可能需要把此 `PATH` 条目置于 Docker Desktop 安装的条目之前，
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或者直接删掉 Docker Desktop 的 `kubectl`。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Install with PowerShell from PSGallery
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-->
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### 用 PowerShell 从 PSGallery 安装 {#install-with-powershell-from-psgallery}
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<!--
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If you are on Windows and using the [PowerShell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/) package manager, you can install and update kubectl with PowerShell.
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-->
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如果你工作在 Windows 平台上，且使用 [PowerShell Gallery](https://www.powershellgallery.com/) 包管理器，
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则可以用 PowerShell 安装、更新 kubectl。
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<!--
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1. Run the installation commands (making sure to specify a `DownloadLocation`):
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-->
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1. 运行安装命令（确保提供了参数 `DownloadLocation`）：
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```powershell
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Install-Script -Name 'install-kubectl' -Scope CurrentUser -Force
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install-kubectl.ps1 [-DownloadLocation <path>]
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```
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<!--
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If you do not specify a `DownloadLocation`, `kubectl` will be installed in the user's `temp` Directory.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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如果没有指定 `DownloadLocation`，`kubectl` 则会被安装到用户的 `temp` 目录下。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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The installer creates `$HOME/.kube` and instructs it to create a config file.
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-->
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安装程序创建 `$HOME/.kube`，并指示其创建配置文件。
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<!--
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1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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1. 测试一下，确保你安装的是最新版本：
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```powershell
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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Updating the installation is performed by rerunning the two commands listed in step 1.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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更新安装是通过重新运行步骤 1 中的两个命令而实现。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Install on Windows using Chocolatey or Scoop
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-->
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### 在 Windows 上用 Chocolatey 或 Scoop 安装 {#install-on-windows-using-chocolatey-or-scoop}
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<!--
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1. To install kubectl on Windows you can use either [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org) package manager or [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) command-line installer.
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-->
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1. 要在 Windows 上安装 kubectl，你可以使用包管理器 [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org)
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或是命令行安装器 [Scoop](https://scoop.sh)。
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_win_install" >}}
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{{% tab name="choco" %}}
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```powershell
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choco install kubernetes-cli
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="scoop" %}}
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```powershell
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scoop install kubectl
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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2. 测试一下，确保安装的是最新版本：
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```powershell
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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1. Navigate to your home directory:
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-->
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3. 导航到你的 home 目录：
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<!--
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# If you're using cmd.exe, run: cd %USERPROFILE%
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-->
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```powershell
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# 当你用 cmd.exe 时，则运行： cd %USERPROFILE%
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cd ~
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```
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<!--
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1. Create the `.kube` directory:
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-->
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4. 创建目录 `.kube`：
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```powershell
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mkdir .kube
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```
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<!--
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1. Change to the `.kube` directory you just created:
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-->
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5. 切换到新创建的目录 `.kube`
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```powershell
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cd .kube
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```
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<!--
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1. Configure kubectl to use a remote Kubernetes cluster:
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-->
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6. 配置 kubectl，以接入远程的 Kubernetes 集群：
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```powershell
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New-Item config -type file
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```
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<!--
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Edit the config file with a text editor of your choice, such as Notepad.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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编辑配置文件，你需要先选择一个文本编辑器，比如 Notepad。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Install on Windows as part of the Google Cloud SDK
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-->
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### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Windows 上安装 {#install-on-windows-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
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{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}
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<!--
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## Verify kubectl configuration
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-->
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## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configration}
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{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
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<!--
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## Optional kubectl configurations
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### Enable shell autocompletion
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-->
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## kubectl 可选配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
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### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
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<!--
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kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
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Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Zsh, if you are running that on Windows.
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-->
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kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能，可以减轻许多输入的负担。
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下面是设置 Zsh 自动补全功能的操作步骤，前提是你在 Windows 上面运行的是 Zsh。
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{{< include "included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" >}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}
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