sync zh-trans /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs.md and /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset.md (#18864)
chentanjun
GitHub
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---
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title: CronJob
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content_template: templates/concept
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weight: 80
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---
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<!--
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---
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reviewers:
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- erictune
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- soltysh
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@ -7,9 +14,12 @@ title: CronJob
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content_template: templates/concept
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weight: 80
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---
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-->
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{{% capture overview %}}
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{{< feature-state for_k8s_version="v1.8" state="beta" >}}
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<!--
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A _Cron Job_ creates [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/) on a time-based schedule.
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@ -19,18 +29,30 @@ on a given schedule, written in [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) forma
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_Cron Job_ 创建基于时间调度的 [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/)。
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一个 CronJob 对象就像 _crontab_ (cron table) 文件中的一行。它用 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式进行编写，并周期性的在给定的调度时间执行 Job。
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一个 CronJob 对象就像 _crontab_ (cron table) 文件中的一行。它用 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式进行编写，并周期性地在给定的调度时间执行 Job。
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<!--
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All **CronJob** `schedule:` times are based on the timezone of the master where the job is initiated.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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<!--All **CronJob** `schedule:` times are denoted in UTC.-->
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所有 **CronJob** 的 `schedule:` 时间都是用 UTC 表示。
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所有 **CronJob** 的 `schedule:` 时间都是基于初始 Job 的主控节点的时区。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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When creating the manifest for a CronJob resource, make sure the name you provide
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is no longer than 52 characters. This is because the CronJob controller will automatically
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append 11 characters to the job name provided and there is a constraint that the
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maximum length of a Job name is no more than 63 characters.
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-->
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为 CronJob 资源创建清单时，请确保创建的名称不超过 52 个字符。这是因为 CronJob 控制器将自动在提供的作业名称后附加 11 个字符，并且存在一个限制，即作业名称的最大长度不能超过 63 个字符。
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<!--
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For instructions on creating and working with cron jobs, and for an example of a spec file for a cron job, see [Running automated tasks with cron jobs](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs).
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-->
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有关创建和使用 CronJob 的说明及规范文件的示例，请参见 [使用 CronJob 运行自动任务](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs)。
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有关创建和使用 CronJob 的说明及规范文件的示例，请参见[使用 CronJob 运行自动化任务](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs)。
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{{% /capture %}}
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@ -61,21 +83,20 @@ at least once.
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如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 设置为很大的数值或未设置（默认），并且 `concurrencyPolicy` 设置为 `Allow`，则作业将始终至少运行一次。
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<!--
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For every CronJob, the CronJob controller checks how many schedules it missed in the duration from its last scheduled time until now. If there are more than 100 missed schedules, then it does not start the job and logs the error
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For every CronJob, the CronJob {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} checks how many schedules it missed in the duration from its last scheduled time until now. If there are more than 100 missed schedules, then it does not start the job and logs the error
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-->
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对于每个 CronJob，CronJob 控制器检查从上一次调度的时间点到现在所错过了调度次数。如果错过的调度次数超过 100 次，那么它就不会启动这个任务，并记录这个错误:
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对于每个 CronJob，CronJob {{< glossary_tooltip term_text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}} 检查从上一次调度的时间点到现在所错过了调度次数。如果错过的调度次数超过 100 次，那么它就不会启动这个任务，并记录这个错误:
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````
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Cannot determine if job needs to be started. Too many missed start time (> 100). Set or decrease .spec.startingDeadlineSeconds or check clock skew.
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````
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<!--
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It is important to note that if the `startingDeadlineSeconds` field is set (not `nil`), the controller counts how many missed jobs occurred from the value of `startingDeadlineSeconds` until now rather than from the last scheduled time until now. For example, if `startingDeadlineSeconds` is `200`, the controller counts how many missed jobs occurred in the last 200 seconds.
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-->
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需要注意的是，如果设置 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段非空，则控制器会统计从 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 的值到现在而不是从上一个计划时间到现在错过了多少次 Job。例如，如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 是 `200`，则控制器会统计在过去 200 秒中错过了多少次 Job。
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需要注意的是，如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段非空，则控制器会统计从 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 设置的值到现在而不是从上一个计划时间到现在错过了多少次 Job。例如，如果 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 是 `200`，则控制器会统计在过去 200 秒中错过了多少次 Job。
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<!--
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A CronJob is counted as missed if it has failed to be created at its scheduled time. For example, If `concurrencyPolicy` is set to `Forbid` and a CronJob was attempted to be scheduled when there was a previous schedule still running, then it would count as missed.
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@ -84,163 +105,26 @@ A CronJob is counted as missed if it has failed to be created at its scheduled t
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如果未能在调度时间内创建 CronJob，则计为错过。例如，如果 `concurrencyPolicy` 被设置为 `Forbid`，并且当前有一个调度仍在运行的情况下，试图调度的 CronJob 将被计算为错过。
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<!--
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For example, suppose a cron job is set to start at exactly `08:30:00` and its
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`startingDeadlineSeconds` is set to 10, if the CronJob controller happens to
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be down from `08:29:00` to `08:42:00`, the job will not start.
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Set a longer `startingDeadlineSeconds` if starting later is better than not
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starting at all.
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For example, suppose a CronJob is set to schedule a new Job every one minute beginning at `08:30:00`, and its
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`startingDeadlineSeconds` field is not set. If the CronJob controller happens to
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be down from `08:29:00` to `10:21:00`, the job will not start as the number of missed jobs which missed their schedule is greater than 100.
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-->
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例如，假设一个 CronJob 被设置为`08:30:00` 准时开始，它的 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 属性被设置为10，如果在`08:29:00` 时将 CronJob 控制器的时间改为 `08:42:00`，Job 将不会启动。
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例如，假设一个 CronJob 被设置为 `08:30:00` 准时开始，它的 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段被设置为 10，如果在 `08:29:00` 时将 CronJob 控制器的时间改为 `08:42:00`，Job 将不会启动。
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如果觉得晚些开始比没有启动好，那请设置一个较长的 `startingDeadlineSeconds`。
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<!--
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The Cronjob is only responsible for creating Jobs that match its schedule, and
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To illustrate this concept further, suppose a CronJob is set to schedule a new Job every one minute beginning at `08:30:00`, and its
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`startingDeadlineSeconds` is set to 200 seconds. If the CronJob controller happens to
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be down for the same period as the previous example (`08:29:00` to `10:21:00`,) the Job will still start at 10:22:00. This happens as the controller now checks how many missed schedules happened in the last 200 seconds (ie, 3 missed schedules), rather than from the last scheduled time until now.
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-->
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为了进一步阐述这个概念，假设将 CronJob 设置为从 `08:30:00` 开始每隔一分钟创建一个新的 Job，并将其 `startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段设置为 200 秒。 如果 CronJob 控制器恰好在与上一个示例相同的时间段（`08:29:00` 到 `10:21:00`）停机，则 Job 仍将从 `10:22:00` 开始。造成这种情况的原因是控制器现在检查在最近 200 秒（即 3 个错过的调度）中发生了多少次错过的 Job 调度，而不是从现在为止的最后一个调度时间开始。
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<!--
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The CronJob is only responsible for creating Jobs that match its schedule, and
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the Job in turn is responsible for the management of the Pods it represents.
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-->
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CronJob 仅负责创建与其调度时间相匹配的 Job，而 Job 又负责管理其代表的 Pod。
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CronJob 只负责创建与其时间表相匹配的 Job，相应的 Job 又会负责管理它所代表的Pod。
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创建该 Cron Job 之后，通过如下命令获取它的状态信息：
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```shell
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$ kubectl get cronjob hello
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NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST-SCHEDULE
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hello */1 * * * * False 0 <none>
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```
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如上所示，既没有 active 的 Job，也没有被调度的 Job。
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等待并观察创建的 Job，大约一分钟时间：
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```shell
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$ kubectl get jobs --watch
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NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
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hello-4111706356 1 1 2s
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```
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现在能看到一个名称为 hello 的 Job 在运行。我们可以停止观察，并再次获取该 Job 的状态信息：
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```shell
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$ kubectl get cronjob hello
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NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST-SCHEDULE
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hello */1 * * * * False 0 Mon, 29 Aug 2016 14:34:00 -0700
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```
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应该能够看到名称为 “hello” 的 Job 在 `LAST-SCHEDULE` 指定的时间点被调度了。当前存在 0 个活跃（Active）的 Job，说明该 Job 已经被调度运行完成或失败。
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现在，找到最近一次被调度的 Job 创建的 Pod，能够看到其中一个 Pod 的标准输出。注意，Job 名称和 Pod 名称是不一样的。
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```shell
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# Replace "hello-4111706356" with the job name in your system
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$ pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=hello-4111706356 --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
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$ echo $pods
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hello-4111706356-o9qcm
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$ kubectl logs $pods
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Mon Aug 29 21:34:09 UTC 2016
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Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
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```
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## 删除 Cron Job
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一旦不再需要 Cron Job，简单地可以使用 `kubectl` 命令删除它：
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```shell
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$ kubectl delete cronjob hello
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cronjob "hello" deleted
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```
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这将会终止正在创建的 Job。然而，运行中的 Job 将不会被终止，不会删除 Job 或 它们的 Pod。为了清理那些 Job 和 Pod，需要列出该 Cron Job 创建的全部 Job，然后删除它们：
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```shell
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$ kubectl get jobs
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NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
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hello-1201907962 1 1 11m
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hello-1202039034 1 1 8m
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...
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$ kubectl delete jobs hello-1201907962 hello-1202039034 ...
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job "hello-1201907962" deleted
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job "hello-1202039034" deleted
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...
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```
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一旦 Job 被删除，由 Job 创建的 Pod 也会被删除。注意，所有由名称为 “hello” 的 Cron Job 创建的 Job 会以前缀字符串 “hello-” 进行命名。如果想要删除当前 Namespace 中的所有 Job，可以通过命令 `kubectl delete jobs --all` 立刻删除它们。
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## Cron Job 限制
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Cron Job 在每次调度运行时间内 _大概_ 会创建一个 Job 对象。我们之所以说 _大概_ ，是因为在特定的环境下可能会创建两个 Job，或者一个 Job 都没创建。我们尝试少发生这种情况，但却不能完全避免。因此，创建 Job 操作应该是 _幂等的_。
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Job 根据它所创建的 Pod 的并行度，负责重试创建 Pod，并就决定这一组 Pod 的成功或失败。Cron Job 根本不会去检查 Pod。
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## 编写 Cron Job 规约
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和其它 Kubernetes 配置一样，Cron Job 需要 `apiVersion`、 `kind`、和 `metadata` 这三个字段。
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关于如何实现一个配置文件的更新信息，参考文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications)、
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[配置容器](/docs/user-guide/configuring-containers) 和
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[使用 kubectl 管理资源](/docs/user-guide/working-with-resources)。
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Cron Job 也需要 [`.spec` 段](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status)。
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**注意：** 对一个 Cron Job 的所有修改，尤其是对其 `.spec` 的修改，仅会在下一次运行的时候生效。
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### 调度
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`.spec.schedule` 是 `.spec` 中必需的字段，它的值是 [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) 格式字的符串，例如：`0 * * * *`，或者 `@hourly`，根据指定的调度时间 Job 会被创建和执行。
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### Job 模板
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`.spec.jobTemplate` 是另一个 `.spec` 中必需的字段。它是 Job 的模板。
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除了它可以是嵌套的，并且不具有 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段之外，它和 [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/) 一样具有完全相同的模式（schema）。
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参考 [编写 Job 规格](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/#writing-a-job-spec)。
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### 启动 Job 的期限（秒级别）
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`.spec.startingDeadlineSeconds` 字段是可选的。它表示启动 Job 的期限（秒级别），如果因为任何原因而错过了被调度的时间，那么错过执行时间的 Job 将被认为是失败的。如果没有指定，则没有期限。
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### 并发策略
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`.spec.concurrencyPolicy` 字段也是可选的。它指定了如何处理被 Cron Job 创建的 Job 的并发执行。只允许指定下面策略中的一种：
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* `Allow`（默认）：允许并发运行 Job
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* `Forbid`：禁止并发运行，如果前一个还没有完成，则直接跳过下一个
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* `Replace`：取消当前正在运行的 Job，用一个新的来替换
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注意，当前策略只能应用于同一个 Cron Job 创建的 Job。如果存在多个 Cron Job，它们创建的 Job 之间总是允许并发运行。
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### 挂起
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`.spec.suspend` 字段也是可选的。如果设置为 `true`，后续所有执行都将被挂起。它对已经开始执行的 Job 不起作用。默认值为 `false`。
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### Job 历史限制
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`.spec.successfulJobsHistoryLimit` 和 `.spec.failedJobsHistoryLimit` 这两个字段是可选的。它们指定了可以保留完成和失败 Job 数量的限制。
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默认没有限制，所有成功和失败的 Job 都会被保留。然而，当运行一个 Cron Job 时，很快就会堆积很多 Job，推荐设置这两个字段的值。设置限制值为 `0`，相关类型的 Job 完成后将不会被保留。
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{{% /capture %}}
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@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
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---
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reviewers:
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- enisoc
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- erictune
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- foxish
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- janetkuo
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- kow3ns
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title: DaemonSet
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content_template: templates/concept
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weight: 50
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@ -39,13 +33,13 @@ Some typical uses of a DaemonSet are:
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- running a cluster storage daemon, such as `glusterd`, `ceph`, on each node.
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- running a logs collection daemon on every node, such as `fluentd` or `logstash`.
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- running a node monitoring daemon on every node, such as [Prometheus Node Exporter](
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https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter), `collectd`, [Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/), [AppDynamics Agent](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes), [Datadog agent](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/), [New Relic agent](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration), Ganglia `gmond` or Instana agent.
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- running a node monitoring daemon on every node, such as [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter), [Flowmill](https://github.com/Flowmill/flowmill-k8s/), [Sysdig Agent](https://docs.sysdig.com), `collectd`, [Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/), [AppDynamics Agent](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes), [Datadog agent](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/), [New Relic agent](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration), Ganglia `gmond` or [Instana Agent](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/).
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-->
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DaemonSet 的一些典型用法：
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- 运行集群存储 daemon，例如在每个节点上运行 `glusterd`、`ceph`。
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- 在每个节点上运行日志收集 daemon，例如`fluentd`、`logstash`。
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- 在每个节点上运行监控 daemon，例如 [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter)、[Sysdig 代理](https://sysdigdocs.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Platform)、`collectd`、[Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/)、[AppDynamics 代理](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes)、[Datadog 代理](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/)、[New Relic 代理](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration)，Ganglia `gmond` 或 [Instana 代理](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/)。
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- 在每个节点上运行集群存储 DaemonSet，例如 `glusterd`、`ceph`。
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- 在每个节点上运行日志收集 DaemonSet，例如 `fluentd`、`logstash`。
|
||||
- 在每个节点上运行监控 DaemonSet，例如 [Prometheus Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter)、[Flowmill](https://github.com/Flowmill/flowmill-k8s/)、[Sysdig 代理](https://docs.sysdig.com)、`collectd`、[Dynatrace OneAgent](https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/kubernetes-monitoring/)、[AppDynamics 代理](https://docs.appdynamics.com/display/CLOUD/Container+Visibility+with+Kubernetes)、[Datadog 代理](https://docs.datadoghq.com/agent/kubernetes/daemonset_setup/)、[New Relic 代理](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/integrations/kubernetes-integration/installation/kubernetes-installation-configuration)、Ganglia `gmond` 或者 [Instana 代理](https://www.instana.com/supported-integrations/kubernetes-monitoring/)。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
In a simple case, one DaemonSet, covering all nodes, would be used for each type of daemon.
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,7 +49,7 @@ different flags and/or different memory and cpu requests for different hardware
|
|||
一个简单的用法是在所有的节点上都启动一个 DaemonSet，将被作为每种类型的 daemon 使用。
|
||||
|
||||
一个稍微复杂的用法是单独对每种 daemon 类型使用多个 DaemonSet，但具有不同的标志，
|
||||
和/或对不同硬件类型具有不同的内存、CPU要求。
|
||||
并且对不同硬件类型具有不同的内存、CPU 要求。
|
||||
|
||||
{{% /capture %}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -73,18 +67,14 @@ different flags and/or different memory and cpu requests for different hardware
|
|||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
You can describe a DaemonSet in a YAML file. For example, the `daemonset.yaml` file below describes a DaemonSet that runs the fluentd-elasticsearch Docker image:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< codenew file="controllers/daemonset.yaml" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
* Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/daemonset.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
-->
|
||||
您可以在 YAML 文件中描述 DaemonSet。例如，下面的 daemonset.yaml 文件描述了一个运行 fluentd-elasticsearch Docker 镜像的 DaemonSet：
|
||||
|
||||
{{< codenew file="controllers/daemonset.yaml" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* 基于 YAML 文件创建 DaemonSet:
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/daemonset.yaml
|
||||
|
|
@ -100,13 +90,16 @@ general information about working with config files, see [deploying applications
|
|||
A DaemonSet also needs a [`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status) section.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 必需字段
|
||||
和其它所有 Kubernetes 配置一样，DaemonSet 需要 `apiVersion`、`kind` 和 `metadata` 字段。有关配置文件的基本信息，详见文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications/)、[配置容器](/docs/tasks/) 和 [使用kubectl进行对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)。
|
||||
和其它所有 Kubernetes 配置一样，DaemonSet 需要 `apiVersion`、`kind` 和 `metadata` 字段。有关配置文件的基本信息，详见文档 [部署应用](/docs/user-guide/deploying-applications/)、[配置容器](/docs/tasks/) 和 [使用 kubectl 进行对象管理](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)。
|
||||
|
||||
DaemonSet 也需要一个 [`.spec`](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status) 配置段。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Pod Template
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### Pod 模板
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The `.spec.template` is one of the required fields in `.spec`.
|
||||
|
||||
The `.spec.template` is a [pod template](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates). It has exactly the same schema as a [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/), except it is nested and does not have an `apiVersion` or `kind`.
|
||||
|
|
@ -114,14 +107,12 @@ The `.spec.template` is a [pod template](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overv
|
|||
In addition to required fields for a Pod, a Pod template in a DaemonSet has to specify appropriate
|
||||
labels (see [pod selector](#pod-selector)).
|
||||
|
||||
A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/user-guide/pod-states)
|
||||
A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy)
|
||||
equal to `Always`, or be unspecified, which defaults to `Always`.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### Pod 模板
|
||||
`.spec` 中唯一必需的字段是 `.spec.template`。
|
||||
|
||||
`.spec` 唯一必需的字段是 `.spec.template`。
|
||||
|
||||
`.spec.template` 是一个 [Pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。它与 [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 具有相同的 schema，除了它是嵌套的，而且不具有 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段。
|
||||
`.spec.template` 是一个 [Pod 模板](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/#pod-templates)。除了它是嵌套的，而且不具有 `apiVersion` 或 `kind` 字段，它与 [Pod](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/) 具有相同的 schema。
|
||||
|
||||
除了 Pod 必需字段外，在 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 模板必须指定合理的标签（查看 [Pod Selector](#pod-selector)）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -129,7 +120,10 @@ A Pod Template in a DaemonSet must have a [`RestartPolicy`](/docs/user-guide/pod
|
|||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Pod Selector
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### Pod Selector {#pod-selector}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The `.spec.selector` field is a pod selector. It works the same as the `.spec.selector` of
|
||||
a [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -139,53 +133,56 @@ defaulting was not compatible with `kubectl apply`. Also, once a DaemonSet is cr
|
|||
its `.spec.selector` can not be mutated. Mutating the pod selector can lead to the
|
||||
unintentional orphaning of Pods, and it was found to be confusing to users.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### Pod Selector {#pod-selector}
|
||||
|
||||
`.spec.selector` 字段表示 Pod Selector，它与 [Job](/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/) 的 `.spec.selector` 的作用是相同的。
|
||||
|
||||
从 Kubernetes 1.8开始，您必须指定与 `.spec.template` 的标签匹配的 pod selector。当不配置时，pod selector 将不再有默认值。selector 默认与 `kubectl apply` 不兼容。 此外，一旦创建了 DaemonSet，它的 `.spec.selector` 就不能修改。修改 pod selector 可能导致成为 孤儿Pod，并且这对用户来说是困惑的。
|
||||
从 Kubernetes 1.8 开始，您必须指定与 `.spec.template` 的标签匹配的 pod selector。当不配置时，pod selector 将不再有默认值。selector 默认与 `kubectl apply` 不兼容。 此外，一旦创建了 DaemonSet，它的 `.spec.selector` 就不能修改。修改 pod selector 可能导致 Pod 意外悬浮，并且这对用户来说是困惑的。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
The `.spec.selector` is an object consisting of two fields:
|
||||
|
||||
* `matchLabels` - works the same as the `.spec.selector` of a [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
|
||||
* `matchExpressions` - allows to build more sophisticated selectors by specifying key,
|
||||
list of values and an operator that relates the key and values.
|
||||
|
||||
When the two are specified the result is ANDed.
|
||||
|
||||
If the `.spec.selector` is specified, it must match the `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Config with these not matching will be rejected by the API.
|
||||
|
||||
Also you should not normally create any Pods whose labels match this selector, either directly, via
|
||||
another DaemonSet, or via other controller such as ReplicaSet. Otherwise, the DaemonSet
|
||||
controller will think that those Pods were created by it. Kubernetes will not stop you from doing
|
||||
this. One case where you might want to do this is manually create a Pod with a different value on
|
||||
a node for testing.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
`spec.selector` 表示一个对象，它由如下两个字段组成：
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
* `matchLabels` - works the same as the `.spec.selector` of a [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/).
|
||||
* `matchExpressions` - allows to build more sophisticated selectors by specifying key,
|
||||
list of values and an operator that relates the key and values.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
* `matchLabels` - 与 [ReplicationController](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/) 的 `.spec.selector` 的作用相同。
|
||||
* `matchExpressions` - 允许构建更加复杂的 Selector，可以通过指定 key、value 列表
|
||||
，以及与 key 和 value 列表相关的操作符。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
When the two are specified the result is ANDed.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
当上述两个字段都指定时，结果表示的是 AND 关系。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If the `.spec.selector` is specified, it must match the `.spec.template.metadata.labels`. Config with these not matching will be rejected by the API.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果指定了 `.spec.selector`，必须与 `.spec.template.metadata.labels` 相匹配。如果与它们配置的不匹配，则会被 API 拒绝。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，您通常不应该创建任何 pods，它们的 label 与 selector 匹配，或者直接创建，或者通过另一个 DaemonSet、或者其他控制器，比如 ReplicaSet。否则，DaemonSet 控制器会认为这些 Pod 是由它创建的。Kubernetes 不会阻止你这样做。 您可能希望这样做的一种情况是在节点上手动创建具有不同值的 Pod 以进行测试。
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Also you should not normally create any Pods whose labels match this selector, either directly, via
|
||||
another DaemonSet, or via another workload resource such as ReplicaSet. Otherwise, the DaemonSet
|
||||
{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" >}} will think that those Pods were created by it.
|
||||
Kubernetes will not stop you from doing this. One case where you might want to do this is manually
|
||||
create a Pod with a different value on a node for testing.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
另外，通常不应直接通过另一个 DaemonSet 或另一个工作负载资源（例如 ReplicaSet）来创建其标签与该选择器匹配的任何 Pod。否则，DaemonSet {{< glossary_tooltip term_text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}}会认为这些 Pod 是由它创建的。Kubernetes 不会阻止你这样做。您可能要执行此操作的一种情况是，手动在节点上创建具有不同值的 Pod 进行测试。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Running Pods on Only Some Nodes
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 仅在某些节点上运行 Pod
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If you specify a `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`, then the DaemonSet controller will
|
||||
create Pods on nodes which match that [node
|
||||
selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/). Likewise if you specify a `.spec.template.spec.affinity`,
|
||||
then DaemonSet controller will create Pods on nodes which match that [node affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/).
|
||||
If you do not specify either, then the DaemonSet controller will create Pods on all nodes.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### 仅在某些节点上运行 Pod
|
||||
|
||||
如果指定了 `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`，DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [Node Selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。类似这种情况，可以指定 `.spec.template.spec.affinity`，然后 DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [node Affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配>的节点上创建 Pod。
|
||||
如果指定了 `.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector`，DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [Node Selector](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。类似这种情况，可以指定 `.spec.template.spec.affinity`，然后 DaemonSet Controller 将在能够与 [node Affinity](/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/) 匹配的节点上创建 Pod。
|
||||
如果根本就没有指定，则 DaemonSet Controller 将在所有节点上创建 Pod。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,10 +194,9 @@ If you do not specify either, then the DaemonSet controller will create Pods on
|
|||
|
||||
### 通过默认 scheduler 调度
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
{{< feature-state state="stable" for-kubernetes-version="1.17" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
A DaemonSet ensures that all eligible nodes run a copy of a Pod. Normally, the
|
||||
node that a Pod runs on is selected by the Kubernetes scheduler. However,
|
||||
DaemonSet pods are created and scheduled by the DaemonSet controller instead.
|
||||
|
|
@ -213,10 +209,7 @@ That introduces the following issues:
|
|||
is handled by default scheduler. When preemption is enabled, the DaemonSet controller
|
||||
will make scheduling decisions without considering pod priority and preemption.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
{{< feature-state state="stable" for-kubernetes-version="1.17" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
DaemonSet 确保所有符合条件的节点都运行一个 Pod 的副本。通常，运行 Pod 的节点由 Kubernetes scheduler 选择。然而，DaemonSet pods 由 DaemonSet controller 创建和调度。这将引入以下问题：
|
||||
DaemonSet 确保所有符合条件的节点都运行该 Pod 的一个副本。通常，运行 Pod 的节点由 Kubernetes 调度器抉择。不过，DaemonSet pods 由 DaemonSet 控制器创建和调度。这将引入以下问题：
|
||||
|
||||
* Pod 行为的不一致性：等待调度的正常 Pod 已被创建并处于 `Pending` 状态，但 DaemonSet pods 未在 `Pending` 状态下创建。 这使用户感到困惑。
|
||||
* [Pod preemption](/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption/)由默认 scheduler 处理。 启用抢占后，DaemonSet 控制器将在不考虑 pod 优先级和抢占的情况下制定调度决策。
|
||||
|
|
@ -230,7 +223,7 @@ the DaemonSet pod already exists, it is replaced. The DaemonSet controller only
|
|||
performs these operations when creating or modifying DaemonSet pods, and no
|
||||
changes are made to the `spec.template` of the DaemonSet.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
`ScheduleDaemonSetPods` 允许您使用默认 scheduler 而不是 DaemonSet 控制器来调度 DaemonSets，方法是将 `NodeAffinity` 添加到 DaemonSet pods，而不是 `.spec.nodeName`。 然后使用默认 scheduler 将 pod 绑定到目标主机。 如果 DaemonSet pod的亲和节点已存在，则替换它。 DaemonSet 控制器仅在创建或修改 DaemonSet pods 时执行这些操作，并且不对 DaemonSet的 `spec.template` 进行任何更改。
|
||||
`ScheduleDaemonSetPods` 允许您使用默认调度器而不是 DaemonSet 控制器来调度 DaemonSets，方法是将 `NodeAffinity` 添加到 DaemonSet pods，而不是 `.spec.nodeName`。 然后使用默认调度器将 pod 绑定到目标主机。 如果 DaemonSet pod 的亲和节点已存在，则替换它。 DaemonSet 控制器仅在创建或修改 DaemonSet pods 时执行这些操作，并且不对 DaemonSet 的 `spec.template` 进行任何更改。
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
nodeAffinity:
|
||||
|
|
@ -248,7 +241,7 @@ In addition, `node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable:NoSchedule` toleration is added
|
|||
automatically to DaemonSet Pods. The default scheduler ignores
|
||||
`unschedulable` Nodes when scheduling DaemonSet Pods.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
此外，`node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable：NoSchedule` toleration 会自动添加到 DaemonSet Pods。 在调度DaemonSet Pod 时，默认调度器会忽略 `unschedulable`节点。
|
||||
此外，系统会自动添加 `node.kubernetes.io/unschedulable：NoSchedule` 容忍度到 DaemonSet Pods。 在调度 DaemonSet Pod 时，默认调度器会忽略 `unschedulable` 节点。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
### Taints and Tolerations
|
||||
|
|
@ -258,11 +251,11 @@ Although Daemon Pods respect
|
|||
the following tolerations are added to DaemonSet Pods automatically according to
|
||||
the related features.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
### Taints and Tolerations
|
||||
### 污点和容忍度
|
||||
|
||||
尽管 Daemon Pods 尊重[taints and tolerations](/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration)，根据相关特性，会自动将以下 tolerations 添加到 DaemonSet Pods 中。
|
||||
尽管 Daemon Pods 遵循[污点和容忍度](/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration) 规则，根据相关特性，会自动将以下容忍度添加到 DaemonSet Pods 中。
|
||||
|
||||
| Toleration Key | Effect | Version | Description |
|
||||
| 容忍度关键词 | 影响 | 版本 | 描述 |
|
||||
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
||||
| `node.kubernetes.io/not-ready` | NoExecute | 1.13+ | DaemonSet pods will not be evicted when there are node problems such as a network partition. |
|
||||
| `node.kubernetes.io/unreachable` | NoExecute | 1.13+ | DaemonSet pods will not be evicted when there are node problems such as a network partition. |
|
||||
|
|
@ -275,7 +268,10 @@ the related features.
|
|||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Communicating with Daemon Pods
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 与 Daemon Pods 通信
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Some possible patterns for communicating with Pods in a DaemonSet are:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Push**: Pods in the DaemonSet are configured to send updates to another service, such
|
||||
|
|
@ -287,26 +283,32 @@ Some possible patterns for communicating with Pods in a DaemonSet are:
|
|||
- **Service**: Create a service with the same Pod selector, and use the service to reach a
|
||||
daemon on a random node. (No way to reach specific node.)
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 与 Daemon Pods 通信
|
||||
与 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 进行通信的几种可能模式如下：
|
||||
|
||||
与 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 进行通信，几种可能的模式如下：
|
||||
|
||||
- **Push**：配置 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 向其它 Service 发送更新，例如统计数据库。它们没有客户端。
|
||||
- **NodeIP 和已知端口**：DaemonSet 中的 Pod 可以使用 `hostPort`，从而可以通过节点 IP 访问到 Pod。客户端能通过某种方法知道节点 IP 列表，并且基于此也可以知道端口
|
||||
。
|
||||
- **DNS**：创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services)，然后通过使用 `endpoints` 资源或从 DNS 检索到多个 A 记录来发现 DaemonSet。
|
||||
- **Push**：将 DaemonSet 中的 Pod 配置为将更新发送到另一个 Service，例如统计数据库。
|
||||
- **NodeIP 和已知端口**：DaemonSet 中的 Pod 可以使用 `hostPort`，从而可以通过节点 IP 访问到 Pod。客户端能通过某种方法获取节点 IP 列表，并且基于此也可以获取到相应的端口。
|
||||
- **DNS**：创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 [Headless Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services)，然后通过使用 `endpoints` 资源或从 DNS 中检索到多个 A 记录来发现 DaemonSet。
|
||||
- **Service**：创建具有相同 Pod Selector 的 Service，并使用该 Service 随机访问到某个节点上的 daemon（没有办法访问到特定节点）。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
## Updating a DaemonSet
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## 更新 DaemonSet
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
If node labels are changed, the DaemonSet will promptly add Pods to newly matching nodes and delete
|
||||
Pods from newly not-matching nodes.
|
||||
|
||||
You can modify the Pods that a DaemonSet creates. However, Pods do not allow all
|
||||
fields to be updated. Also, the DaemonSet controller will use the original template the next
|
||||
time a node (even with the same name) is created.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
如果修改了节点标签，DaemonSet 将立刻向新匹配上的节点添加 Pod，同时删除不能够匹配的节点上的 Pod。
|
||||
|
||||
您可以修改 DaemonSet 创建的 Pod。然而，不允许对 Pod 的所有字段进行更新。当下次
|
||||
节点（即使具有相同的名称）被创建时，DaemonSet Controller 还会使用最初的模板。
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
You can delete a DaemonSet. If you specify `--cascade=false` with `kubectl`, then the Pods
|
||||
will be left on the nodes. If you subsequently create a new DaemonSet with the same selector,
|
||||
the new DaemonSet adopts the existing Pods. If any Pods need replacing the DaemonSet replaces
|
||||
|
|
@ -314,14 +316,6 @@ them according to its `updateStrategy`.
|
|||
|
||||
You can [perform a rolling update](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/) on a DaemonSet.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
## 更新 DaemonSet
|
||||
|
||||
如果修改了节点标签（Label），DaemonSet 将立刻向新匹配上的节点添加 Pod，同时删除不能够匹配的节点上的 Pod。
|
||||
|
||||
您可以修改 DaemonSet 创建的 Pod。然而，不允许对 Pod 的所有字段进行更新。当下次
|
||||
节点（即使具有相同的名称）被创建时，DaemonSet Controller 还会使用最初的模板。
|
||||
|
||||
您可以删除一个 DaemonSet。如果使用 `kubectl` 并指定 `--cascade=false` 选项，则 Pod 将被保留在节点上。然后可以创建具有不同模板的新 DaemonSet。具有不同模板的新 DaemonSet 将能够通过标签匹配并识别所有已经存在的 Pod。
|
||||
如果有任何 Pod 需要替换，则 DaemonSet 根据它的 `updateStrategy` 来替换。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -329,7 +323,12 @@ You can [perform a rolling update](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/)
|
|||
## Alternatives to DaemonSet
|
||||
|
||||
### Init Scripts
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## DaemonSet 的可替代选择
|
||||
|
||||
### init 脚本
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
It is certainly possible to run daemon processes by directly starting them on a node (e.g. using
|
||||
`init`, `upstartd`, or `systemd`). This is perfectly fine. However, there are several advantages to
|
||||
running such processes via a DaemonSet:
|
||||
|
|
@ -340,10 +339,6 @@ running such processes via a DaemonSet:
|
|||
containers. However, this can also be accomplished by running the daemons in a container but not in a Pod
|
||||
(e.g. start directly via Docker).
|
||||
-->
|
||||
## DaemonSet 的可替代选择
|
||||
|
||||
### init 脚本
|
||||
|
||||
我们很可能希望直接在一个节点上启动 daemon 进程（例如，使用 `init`、`upstartd`、或 `systemd`）。这非常好，但基于 DaemonSet 来运行这些进程有如下一些好处：
|
||||
|
||||
- 像对待应用程序一样，具备为 daemon 提供监控和管理日志的能力。
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue