move obj mgmt files to tasks (#14374)

* move obj mgmt files to tasks

* add redirects for moved files
pull/14413/head
Karen Bradshaw 2019-05-20 08:15:14 -04:00 committed by Kubernetes Prow Robot
parent 2029b9b9d5
commit 110f5e1d5f
9 changed files with 179 additions and 74 deletions

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title: "Overview"
weight: 20
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---
title: "Object Management Using kubectl"
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---
title: Kubernetes Object Management
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@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ Disadvantages compared to imperative object configuration:
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- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Kustomize (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/)
- [Kubectl Book](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io)
- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
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---
title: "Manage Kubernetes Objects"
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title: Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files
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@ -13,7 +13,15 @@ back into the object configuration files. `kubectl diff` also gives you a
preview of what changes `apply` will make.
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## Trade-offs
@ -26,14 +34,14 @@ The `kubectl` tool supports three kinds of object management:
See [Kubernetes Object Management](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/overview/)
for a discussion of the advantages and disadvantage of each kind of object management.
## Before you begin
## Overview
Declarative object configuration requires a firm understanding of
the Kubernetes object definitions and configuration. Read and complete
the following documents if you have not already:
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
- [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
* [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
Following are definitions for terms used in this document:
@ -69,9 +77,11 @@ Here's an example of an object configuration file:
{{< codenew file="application/simple_deployment.yaml" >}}
Run `kubectl diff` to print the object that will be created:
```shell
kubectl diff -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml
```
{{< note >}}
`diff` uses [server-side dry-run](/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts/#dry-run), which needs to be enabled on `kube-apiserver`.
{{< /note >}}
@ -278,18 +288,18 @@ kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/update_deployment.yaml
Print the live configuration using `kubectl get`:
```
```shell
kubectl get -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml -o yaml
```
The output shows the following changes to the live configuration:
- The `replicas` field retains the value of 2 set by `kubectl scale`.
* The `replicas` field retains the value of 2 set by `kubectl scale`.
This is possible because it is omitted from the configuration file.
- The `image` field has been updated to `nginx:1.11.9` from `nginx:1.7.9`.
- The `last-applied-configuration` annotation has been updated with the new image.
- The `minReadySeconds` field has been cleared.
- The `last-applied-configuration` annotation no longer contains the `minReadySeconds` field.
* The `image` field has been updated to `nginx:1.11.9` from `nginx:1.7.9`.
* The `last-applied-configuration` annotation has been updated with the new image.
* The `minReadySeconds` field has been cleared.
* The `last-applied-configuration` annotation no longer contains the `minReadySeconds` field.
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
@ -983,8 +993,10 @@ template:
```
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- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
- [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
* [Imperative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
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title: Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands
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@ -10,7 +10,14 @@ imperative commands built into the `kubectl` command-line tool. This document
explains how those commands are organized and how to use them to manage live objects.
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## Trade-offs
@ -155,8 +162,10 @@ kubectl create --edit -f /tmp/srv.yaml
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- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Imperative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
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This document explains how to define and manage objects using configuration files.
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## Trade-offs
@ -29,7 +37,7 @@ You can use `kubectl create -f` to create an object from a configuration file.
Refer to the [kubernetes API reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
for details.
- `kubectl create -f <filename|url>`
* `kubectl create -f <filename|url>`
## How to update objects
@ -46,21 +54,21 @@ file to prevent `replace` from dropping them.
You can use `kubectl replace -f` to update a live object according to a
configuration file.
- `kubectl replace -f <filename|url>`
* `kubectl replace -f <filename|url>`
## How to delete objects
You can use `kubectl delete -f` to delete an object that is described in a
configuration file.
- `kubectl delete -f <filename|url>`
* `kubectl delete -f <filename|url>`
## How to view an object
You can use `kubectl get -f` to view information about an object that is
described in a configuration file.
- `kubectl get -f <filename|url> -o yaml`
* `kubectl get -f <filename|url> -o yaml`
The `-o yaml` flag specifies that the full object configuration is printed.
Use `kubectl get -h` to see a list of options.
@ -90,7 +98,7 @@ Suppose you have the URL of an object configuration file. You can use
object is created. This is particularly useful for tutorials and tasks
that point to a configuration file that could be modified by the reader.
```sh
```shell
kubectl create -f <url> --edit
```
@ -100,18 +108,19 @@ Migrating from imperative commands to imperative object configuration involves
several manual steps.
1. Export the live object to a local object configuration file:
```sh
```shell
kubectl get <kind>/<name> -o yaml --export > <kind>_<name>.yaml
```
1. Manually remove the status field from the object configuration file.
1. For subsequent object management, use `replace` exclusively.
```sh
```shell
kubectl replace -f <kind>_<name>.yaml
```
## Defining controller selectors and PodTemplate labels
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- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/)
- [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
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* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/)
* [Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Object Configuration (Declarative)](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
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title: Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Kustomize
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[Kustomize](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize) is a standalone tool
to customize Kubernetes objects
through a [kustomization file](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/blob/master/docs/kustomization.yaml).
through a [kustomization file](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/blob/master/docs/kustomization.yaml).
Since 1.14, Kubectl also
supports the management of Kubernetes objects using a kustomization file.
To view Resources found in a directory containing a kustomization file, run the following command:
```shell
kubectl kustomize <kustomization_directory>
```
```
To apply those Resources, run `kubectl apply` with `--kustomize` or `-k` flag:
```shell
kubectl apply -k <kustomization_directory>
```
```
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## Overview of Kustomize
Kustomize is a tool for customizing Kubernetes configurations. It has the following features to manage application configuration files:
* generating resources from other sources
@ -30,13 +45,15 @@ Kustomize is a tool for customizing Kubernetes configurations. It has the follow
* composing and customizing collections of resources
### Generating Resources
ConfigMap and Secret hold config or sensitive data that are used by other Kubernetes objects, such as Pods. The source
of truth of ConfigMap or Secret are usually from somewhere else, such as a `.properties` file or a ssh key file.
Kustomize has `secretGenerator` and `configMapGenerator`, which generate Secret and ConfigMap from files or literals.
#### configMapGenerator
To generate a ConfigMap from a file, add an entry to `files` list in `configMapGenerator`. Here is an example of generating a ConfigMap with a data item from a file content.
```shell
# Create a application.properties file
cat <<EOF >application.properties
@ -50,11 +67,15 @@ configMapGenerator:
- application.properties
EOF
```
The generated ConfigMap can be checked by the following command:
```shell
kubectl kustomize ./
```
The generated ConfigMap is
The generated ConfigMap is:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
@ -66,6 +87,7 @@ metadata:
```
ConfigMap can also be generated from literal key-value pairs. To generate a ConfigMap from a literal key-value pair, add an entry to `literals` list in configMapGenerator. Here is an example of generating a ConfigMap with a data item from a key-value pair.
```shell
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
configMapGenerator:
@ -74,11 +96,15 @@ configMapGenerator:
- FOO=Bar
EOF
```
The generated ConfigMap can be checked by the following command:
```shell
kubectl kustomize ./
```
The generated ConfigMap is
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
@ -89,7 +115,9 @@ metadata:
```
#### secretGenerator
Secret can also be generated from files or literal key-value pairs. To generate a Secret from a file, add an entry to `files` list in `secretGenerator`. Here is an example of generating a Secret with a data item from a file.
You can generate Secrets from files or literal key-value pairs. To generate a Secret from a file, add an entry to `files` list in `secretGenerator`. Here is an example of generating a Secret with a data item from a file.
```shell
# Create a password.txt file
cat <<EOF >./password.txt
@ -104,7 +132,9 @@ secretGenerator:
- password.txt
EOF
```
The generated Secret is as follows:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
@ -114,7 +144,9 @@ metadata:
name: example-secret-1-t2kt65hgtb
type: Opaque
```
To generate a Secret from a literal key-value pair, add an entry to `literals` list in `secretGenerator`. Here is an example of generating a Secret with a data item from a key-value pair.
```shell
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
secretGenerator:
@ -124,7 +156,9 @@ secretGenerator:
- password=secert
EOF
```
The generated Secret is as follows:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
@ -137,7 +171,9 @@ type: Opaque
```
#### generatorOptions
The generated ConfigMaps and Secrets have a suffix appended by hashing the contents. This ensures that a new ConfigMap or Secret is generated when the content is changed. To disable the behavior of appending a suffix, one can use `generatorOptions`. Besides that, it is also possible to specify cross-cutting options for generated ConfigMaps and Secrets.
```shell
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
configMapGenerator:
@ -152,7 +188,9 @@ generatorOptions:
note: generated
EOF
```
Run`kubectl kustomize ./` to view the generated ConfigMap:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
@ -167,6 +205,7 @@ metadata:
```
### Setting cross-cutting fields
It is quite common to set cross-cutting fields for all Kubernetes resources in a project.
Some use cases for setting cross-cutting fields:
@ -176,6 +215,7 @@ Some use cases for setting cross-cutting fields:
* adding the same set of annotations
Here is an example:
```shell
# Create a deployment.yaml
cat <<EOF >./deployment.yaml
@ -211,7 +251,9 @@ resources:
- deployment.yaml
EOF
```
Run `kubectl kustomize ./` to view those fields are all set in the Deployment Resource:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
@ -239,13 +281,16 @@ spec:
```
### Composing and Customizing Resources
It is common to compose a set of Resources in a project and manage them inside
the same file or directory.
Kustomize offers composing Resources from different files and applying patches or other customization to them.
#### Composing
Kustomize supports composition of different resources. The `resources` field, in the `kustomization.yaml` file, defines the list of resources to include in a configuration. Set the path to a resource's configuration file in the `resources` list.
Here is an example for an nginx application with a Deployment and a Service.
```shell
# Create a deployment.yaml file
cat <<EOF > deployment.yaml
@ -293,11 +338,14 @@ resources:
- service.yaml
EOF
```
The Resources from `kubectl kustomize ./` contains both the Deployment and the Service objects.
#### Customizing
On top of Resources, one can apply different customizations by applying patches. Kustomize supports different patching
mechanisms through `patchesStrategicMerge` and `patchesJson6902`. `patchesStrategicMerge` is a list of file paths. Each file should be resolved to a [strategic merge patch](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-api-machinery/strategic-merge-patch.md). The names inside the patches must match Resource names that are already loaded. Small patches that do one thing are recommended. For example, create one patch for increasing the deployment replica number and another patch for setting the memory limit.
```shell
# Create a deployment.yaml file
cat <<EOF > deployment.yaml
@ -356,7 +404,9 @@ patchesStrategicMerge:
- set_memory.yaml
EOF
```
Run `kubectl kustomize ./` to view the Deployment:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
@ -380,11 +430,13 @@ spec:
ports:
- containerPort: 80
```
Not all Resources or fields support strategic merge patches. To support modifying arbitrary fields in arbitrary Resources,
Kustomize offers applying [JSON patch](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902) through `patchesJson6902`.
To find the correct Resource for a Json patch, the group, version, kind and name of that Resource need to be
specified in `kustomization.yaml`. For example, increasing the replica number of a Deployment object can also be done
through `patchesJson6902`.
```shell
# Create a deployment.yaml file
cat <<EOF > deployment.yaml
@ -430,7 +482,9 @@ patchesJson6902:
path: patch.yaml
EOF
```
Run `kubectl kustomize ./` to see the `replicas` field is updated:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
@ -452,8 +506,10 @@ spec:
ports:
- containerPort: 80
```
In addition to patches, Kustomize also offers customizing container images or injecting field values from other objects into containers
without creating patches. For example, you can change the image used inside containers by specifying the new image in `images` field in `kustomization.yaml`.
```shell
cat <<EOF > deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
@ -508,6 +564,7 @@ spec:
ports:
- containerPort: 80
```
Sometimes, the application running in a Pod may need to use configuration values from other objects. For example,
a Pod from a Deployment object need to read the corresponding Service name from Env or as a command argument.
Since the Service name may change as `namePrefix` or `nameSuffix` is added in the `kustomization.yaml` file. It is
@ -568,7 +625,9 @@ vars:
apiVersion: v1
EOF
```
Run `kubectl kustomize ./` to see that the Service name injected into containers is `dev-my-nginx-001`:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
@ -594,6 +653,7 @@ spec:
```
## Bases and Overlays
Kustomize has the concepts of **bases** and **overlays**. A **base** is a directory with a `kustomization.yaml`, which contains a
set of resources and associated customization. A base could be either a local directory or a directory from a remote repo,
as long as a `kustomization.yaml` is present inside. An **overlay** is a directory with a `kustomization.yaml` that refers to other
@ -601,7 +661,8 @@ kustomization directories as its `bases`. A **base** has no knowledge of an over
An overlay may have multiple bases and it composes all resources
from bases and may also have customization on top of them.
Here is an example of a base.
Here is an example of a base:
```shell
# Create a directory to hold the base
mkdir base
@ -647,8 +708,10 @@ resources:
- deployment.yaml
- service.yaml
```
This base can be used in multiple overlays. You can add different `namePrefix` or other cross-cutting fields
in different overlays. Here are two overlays using the same base.
```shell
mkdir dev
cat <<EOF > dev/kustomization.yaml
@ -666,13 +729,16 @@ EOF
```
## How to apply/view/delete objects using Kustomize
Use `--kustomize` or `-k` in `kubectl` commands to recognize Resources managed by `kustomization.yaml`.
Note that `-k` should point to a kustomization directory, such as
```shell
kubectl apply -k <kustomization directory>/
```
Given the following `kustomization.yaml`,
```shell
# Create a deployment.yaml file
cat <<EOF > deployment.yaml
@ -706,28 +772,32 @@ resources:
- deployment.yaml
EOF
```
Running the following command will apply the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
Run the following command to apply the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
```shell
> kubectl apply -k ./
deployment.apps/dev-my-nginx created
```
Running the following command will get he Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
Run one of the following commands to view the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
```shell
kubectl get -k ./
```
or
```shell
kubectl describe -k ./
```
Running the following command will delete the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
Run the following command to delete the Deployment object `dev-my-nginx`:
```shell
> kubectl delete -k ./
deployment.apps "dev-my-nginx" deleted
```
## Kustomize Feature List
Here is a list of all the features in Kustomize.
| Field | Type | Explanation |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
@ -748,11 +818,13 @@ Here is a list of all the features in Kustomize.
| configurations | []string | Each entry in this list should resolve to a file containing [Kustomize transformer configurations](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/tree/master/examples/transformerconfigs) |
| crds | []string | Each entry in this list should resolve to an OpenAPI definition file for Kubernetes types |
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- [Kustomize](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize)
- [Kubectl Book](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io)
- [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
- [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
{{% /capture %}}
* [Kustomize](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize)
* [Kubectl Book](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io)
* [Kubectl Command Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl/)
* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/{{< param "version" >}}/)
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/docs/concepts/tools/kubectl/object-management-using-declarative-config/ /docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/ 301
/docs/concepts/tools/kubectl/object-management-using-imperative-commands/ /docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/ 301
/docs/concepts/tools/kubectl/object-management-using-imperative-config/ /docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/ 301
/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubetcl/overview/ /docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/object-management/ 301
/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/declarative-config/ /docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/declarative-config/ 301
/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-command/ /docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-command/ 301
/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/imperative-config/ /docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/imperative-config/ 301
/docs/concepts/overview/object-management-kubectl/kustomization/ /docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/ 301
/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/deployment/ /docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/ 301
/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/ /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/ 301
/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/ /docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/ 301