149 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
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---
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approvers:
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- caseydavenport
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- danwinship
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title: 声明网络策略
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content_template: templates/task
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---
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{{% capture overview %}}
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本文可以帮助您开始使用 Kubernetes 的 [NetworkPolicy API](/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) 声明网络策略去管理 Pod 之间的通信
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture prerequisites %}}
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您首先需要有一个支持网络策略的 Kubernetes 集群。已经有许多支持 NetworkPolicy 的网络提供商,包括:
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* [Calico](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/calico-network-policy/)
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* [Romana](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/romana-network-policy/)
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* [Weave 网络](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/weave-network-policy/)
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**注意**:以上列表是根据产品名称按字母顺序排序,而不是按推荐或偏好排序。下面示例对于使用了上面任何提供商的 Kubernetes 集群都是有效的
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{{% /capture %}}
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{{% capture steps %}}
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## 创建一个`nginx` deployment 并且通过服务将其暴露
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为了查看 Kubernetes 网络策略是怎样工作的,可以从创建一个`nginx` deployment 并且通过服务将其暴露开始
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```console
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$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=2
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deployment "nginx" created
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$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80
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service "nginx" exposed
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```
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在 default 命名空间下运行了两个 `nginx` pod,而且通过一个名字为 `nginx` 的服务进行了暴露
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```console
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$ kubectl get svc,pod
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NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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svc/kubernetes 10.100.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 46m
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svc/nginx 10.100.0.16 <none> 80/TCP 33s
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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po/nginx-701339712-e0qfq 1/1 Running 0 35s
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po/nginx-701339712-o00ef 1/1 Running 0 35s
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```
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## 测试服务能够被其它的 pod 访问
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您应该可以从其它的 pod 访问这个新的 `nginx` 服务。为了验证它,从 default 命名空间下的其它 pod 来访问该服务。请您确保在该命名空间下没有执行孤立动作。
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启动一个 busybox 容器,然后在容器中使用 `wget` 命令去访问 `nginx` 服务:
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```console
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$ kubectl run busybox --rm -ti --image=busybox /bin/sh
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Waiting for pod default/busybox-472357175-y0m47 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
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Hit enter for command prompt
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/ # wget --spider --timeout=1 nginx
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Connecting to nginx (10.100.0.16:80)
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/ #
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```
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## 限制访问 `nginx` 服务
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如果说您想限制 `nginx` 服务,只让那些拥有标签 `access: true` 的 pod 访问它,那么您可以创建一个只允许从那些 pod 连接的 `NetworkPolicy`:
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```yaml
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kind: NetworkPolicy
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apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
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metadata:
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name: access-nginx
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spec:
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podSelector:
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matchLabels:
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run: nginx
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ingress:
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- from:
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- podSelector:
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matchLabels:
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access: "true"
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```
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## 为服务指定策略
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使用 kubectl 工具根据上面的 nginx-policy.yaml 文件创建一个 NetworkPolicy:
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```console
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$ kubectl create -f nginx-policy.yaml
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networkpolicy "access-nginx" created
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```
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## 当访问标签没有定义时测试访问服务
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如果您尝试从没有设定正确标签的 pod 中去访问 `nginx` 服务,请求将会超时:
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```console
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$ kubectl run busybox --rm -ti --image=busybox /bin/sh
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Waiting for pod default/busybox-472357175-y0m47 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
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Hit enter for command prompt
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/ # wget --spider --timeout=1 nginx
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Connecting to nginx (10.100.0.16:80)
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wget: download timed out
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/ #
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```
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## 定义访问标签后再次测试
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创建一个拥有正确标签的 pod,您将看到请求是被允许的:
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```console
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$ kubectl run busybox --rm -ti --labels="access=true" --image=busybox /bin/sh
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Waiting for pod default/busybox-472357175-y0m47 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false
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Hit enter for command prompt
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/ # wget --spider --timeout=1 nginx
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Connecting to nginx (10.100.0.16:80)
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/ #
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```
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{{% /capture %}}
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