website/content/en/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet.md

---
title: kubectl Cheat Sheet
reviewers:
- bgrant0607
- erictune
- krousey
- clove
---

See also: [Kubectl Overview](/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/) and [JsonPath Guide](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath).

## Kubectl Autocomplete

```console
$ source <(kubectl completion bash) # setup autocomplete in bash, bash-completion package should be installed first.
$ source <(kubectl completion zsh)  # setup autocomplete in zsh
```

## Kubectl Context and Configuration

Set which Kubernetes cluster `kubectl` communicates with and modifies configuration
information. See [Authenticating Across Clusters with kubeconfig](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/) documentation for
detailed config file information.

```console
$ kubectl config view # Show Merged kubeconfig settings.

# use multiple kubeconfig files at the same time and view merged config
$ KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config:~/.kube/kubconfig2 kubectl config view

# Get the password for the e2e user
$ kubectl config view -o jsonpath='{.users[?(@.name == "e2e")].user.password}'

$ kubectl config current-context              # Display the current-context
$ kubectl config use-context my-cluster-name  # set the default context to my-cluster-name

# add a new cluster to your kubeconf that supports basic auth
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubeuser/foo.kubernetes.com --username=kubeuser --password=kubepassword

# set a context utilizing a specific username and namespace.
$ kubectl config set-context gce --user=cluster-admin --namespace=foo \
  && kubectl config use-context gce
```

## Creating Objects

Kubernetes manifests can be defined in json or yaml. The file extension `.yaml`,
`.yml`, and `.json` can be used.

```console
$ kubectl create -f ./my-manifest.yaml           # create resource(s)
$ kubectl create -f ./my1.yaml -f ./my2.yaml     # create from multiple files
$ kubectl create -f ./dir                        # create resource(s) in all manifest files in dir
$ kubectl create -f https://git.io/vPieo         # create resource(s) from url
$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx                # start a single instance of nginx
$ kubectl explain pods,svc                       # get the documentation for pod and svc manifests

# Create multiple YAML objects from stdin
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox-sleep
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox
    args:
    - sleep
    - "1000000"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox-sleep-less
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox
    args:
    - sleep
    - "1000"
EOF

# Create a secret with several keys
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  password: $(echo -n "s33msi4" | base64)
  username: $(echo -n "jane" | base64)
EOF

```

## Viewing, Finding Resources

```console
# Get commands with basic output
$ kubectl get services                          # List all services in the namespace
$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces             # List all pods in all namespaces
$ kubectl get pods -o wide                      # List all pods in the namespace, with more details
$ kubectl get deployment my-dep                 # List a particular deployment
$ kubectl get pods --include-uninitialized      # List all pods in the namespace, including uninitialized ones

# Describe commands with verbose output
$ kubectl describe nodes my-node
$ kubectl describe pods my-pod

$ kubectl get services --sort-by=.metadata.name # List Services Sorted by Name

# List pods Sorted by Restart Count
$ kubectl get pods --sort-by='.status.containerStatuses[0].restartCount'

# Get the version label of all pods with label app=cassandra
$ kubectl get pods --selector=app=cassandra rc -o \
  jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.labels.version}'

# Get all running pods in the namespace
$ kubectl get pods --field-selector=status.phase=Running

# Get ExternalIPs of all nodes
$ kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address}'

# List Names of Pods that belong to Particular RC
# "jq" command useful for transformations that are too complex for jsonpath, it can be found at https://stedolan.github.io/jq/
$ sel=${$(kubectl get rc my-rc --output=json | jq -j '.spec.selector | to_entries | .[] | "\(.key)=\(.value),"')%?}
$ echo $(kubectl get pods --selector=$sel --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})

# Check which nodes are ready
$ JSONPATH='{range .items[*]}{@.metadata.name}:{range @.status.conditions[*]}{@.type}={@.status};{end}{end}' \
 && kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath="$JSONPATH" | grep "Ready=True"

# List all Secrets currently in use by a pod
$ kubectl get pods -o json | jq '.items[].spec.containers[].env[]?.valueFrom.secretKeyRef.name' | grep -v null | sort | uniq

# List Events sorted by timestamp
$ kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp
```

## Updating Resources

```console
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 -f frontend-v2.json           # Rolling update pods of frontend-v1
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --image=image:v2  # Change the name of the resource and update the image
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend --image=image:v2                 # Update the pods image of frontend
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --rollback        # Abort existing rollout in progress
$ cat pod.json | kubectl replace -f -                              # Replace a pod based on the JSON passed into stdin

# Force replace, delete and then re-create the resource. Will cause a service outage.
$ kubectl replace --force -f ./pod.json

# Create a service for a replicated nginx, which serves on port 80 and connects to the containers on port 8000
$ kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000

# Update a single-container pod's image version (tag) to v4
$ kubectl get pod mypod -o yaml | sed 's/\(image: myimage\):.*$/\1:v4/' | kubectl replace -f -

$ kubectl label pods my-pod new-label=awesome                      # Add a Label
$ kubectl annotate pods my-pod icon-url=http://goo.gl/XXBTWq       # Add an annotation
$ kubectl autoscale deployment foo --min=2 --max=10                # Auto scale a deployment "foo"
```

## Patching Resources

```console
$ kubectl patch node k8s-node-1 -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}' # Partially update a node

# Update a container's image; spec.containers[*].name is required because it's a merge key
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod -p '{"spec":{"containers":[{"name":"kubernetes-serve-hostname","image":"new image"}]}}'

# Update a container's image using a json patch with positional arrays
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod --type='json' -p='[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/containers/0/image", "value":"new image"}]'

# Disable a deployment livenessProbe using a json patch with positional arrays
$ kubectl patch deployment valid-deployment  --type json   -p='[{"op": "remove", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/livenessProbe"}]'

# Add a new element to a positional array 
$ kubectl patch sa default --type='json' -p='[{"op": "add", "path": "/secrets/1", "value": {"name": "whatever" } }]'
```

## Editing Resources
The edit any API resource in an editor.

```console
$ kubectl edit svc/docker-registry                      # Edit the service named docker-registry
$ KUBE_EDITOR="nano" kubectl edit svc/docker-registry   # Use an alternative editor
```

## Scaling Resources

```console
$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 rs/foo                                 # Scale a replicaset named 'foo' to 3
$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 -f foo.yaml                            # Scale a resource specified in "foo.yaml" to 3
$ kubectl scale --current-replicas=2 --replicas=3 deployment/mysql  # If the deployment named mysql's current size is 2, scale mysql to 3
$ kubectl scale --replicas=5 rc/foo rc/bar rc/baz                   # Scale multiple replication controllers
```

## Deleting Resources

```console
$ kubectl delete -f ./pod.json                                              # Delete a pod using the type and name specified in pod.json
$ kubectl delete pod,service baz foo                                        # Delete pods and services with same names "baz" and "foo"
$ kubectl delete pods,services -l name=myLabel                              # Delete pods and services with label name=myLabel
$ kubectl delete pods,services -l name=myLabel --include-uninitialized      # Delete pods and services, including uninitialized ones, with label name=myLabel
$ kubectl -n my-ns delete po,svc --all                                      # Delete all pods and services, including uninitialized ones, in namespace my-ns,
```

## Interacting with running Pods

```console
$ kubectl logs my-pod                                 # dump pod logs (stdout)
$ kubectl logs my-pod -c my-container                 # dump pod container logs (stdout, multi-container case)
$ kubectl logs -f my-pod                              # stream pod logs (stdout)
$ kubectl logs -f my-pod -c my-container              # stream pod container logs (stdout, multi-container case)
$ kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox -- sh  # Run pod as interactive shell
$ kubectl attach my-pod -i                            # Attach to Running Container
$ kubectl port-forward my-pod 5000:6000               # Listen on port 5000 on the local machine and forward to port 6000 on my-pod
$ kubectl exec my-pod -- ls /                         # Run command in existing pod (1 container case)
$ kubectl exec my-pod -c my-container -- ls /         # Run command in existing pod (multi-container case)
$ kubectl top pod POD_NAME --containers               # Show metrics for a given pod and its containers
```

## Interacting with Nodes and Cluster

```console
$ kubectl cordon my-node                                                # Mark my-node as unschedulable
$ kubectl drain my-node                                                 # Drain my-node in preparation for maintenance
$ kubectl uncordon my-node                                              # Mark my-node as schedulable
$ kubectl top node my-node                                              # Show metrics for a given node
$ kubectl cluster-info                                                  # Display addresses of the master and services
$ kubectl cluster-info dump                                             # Dump current cluster state to stdout
$ kubectl cluster-info dump --output-directory=/path/to/cluster-state   # Dump current cluster state to /path/to/cluster-state

# If a taint with that key and effect already exists, its value is replaced as specified.
$ kubectl taint nodes foo dedicated=special-user:NoSchedule
```

### Resource types

List all supported resource types along with their shortnames, [API group](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/#api-groups), whether they are [namespaced](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces), and [Kind](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/kubernetes-objects):

```console
$ kubectl api-resources
```

Other operations for exploring API resources:

```console
$ kubectl api-resources --namespaced=true      # All namespaced resources
$ kubectl api-resources --namespaced=false     # All non-namespaced resources
$ kubectl api-resources -o name                # All resources with simple output (just the resource name)
$ kubectl api-resources -o wide                # All resources with expanded (aka "wide") output
$ kubectl api-resources --verbs=list,get       # All resources that support the "list" and "get" request verbs
$ kubectl api-resources --api-group=extensions # All resources in the "extensions" API group
```

### Formatting output

To output details to your terminal window in a specific format, you can add either the `-o` or `-output` flags to a supported `kubectl` command.

Output format | Description
--------------| -----------
`-o=custom-columns=<spec>` | Print a table using a comma separated list of custom columns
`-o=custom-columns-file=<filename>` | Print a table using the custom columns template in the `<filename>` file
`-o=json`     | Output a JSON formatted API object
`-o=jsonpath=<template>` | Print the fields defined in a [jsonpath](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath) expression
`-o=jsonpath-file=<filename>` | Print the fields defined by the [jsonpath](/docs/reference/kubectl/jsonpath) expression in the `<filename>` file
`-o=name`     | Print only the resource name and nothing else
`-o=wide`     | Output in the plain-text format with any additional information, and for pods, the node name is included
`-o=yaml`     | Output a YAML formatted API object

### Kubectl output verbosity and debugging

Kubectl verbosity is controlled with the `-v` or `--v` flags followed by an integer representing the log level. General Kubernetes logging conventions and the associated log levels are described [here](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/logging.md).

Verbosity | Description
--------------| -----------
`--v=0` | Generally useful for this to ALWAYS be visible to an operator.
`--v=1` | A reasonable default log level if you don't want verbosity.
`--v=2` | Useful steady state information about the service and important log messages that may correlate to significant changes in the system. This is the recommended default log level for most systems.
`--v=3` | Extended information about changes.
`--v=4` | Debug level verbosity.
`--v=6` | Display requested resources.
`--v=7` | Display HTTP request headers.
`--v=8` | Display HTTP request contents.
`--v=9` | Display HTTP request contents without truncation of contents.