influxdb/v1/tsdb/index/inmem/inmem.go

/*
Package inmem implements a shared, in-memory index for each database.

The in-memory index is the original index implementation and provides fast
access to index data. However, it also forces high memory usage for large
datasets and can cause OOM errors.

Index is the shared index structure that provides most of the functionality.
However, ShardIndex is a light per-shard wrapper that adapts this original
shared index format to the new per-shard format.
*/
package inmem

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"sync"
	"unsafe"

	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/influxql/query"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/models"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/pkg/bytesutil"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/pkg/escape"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/pkg/estimator"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/pkg/estimator/hll"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb/v2/v1/tsdb"
	"github.com/influxdata/influxql"
	"go.uber.org/zap"
)

// IndexName is the name of this index.
const IndexName = tsdb.InmemIndexName

func init() {
	tsdb.NewInmemIndex = func(name string, sfile *tsdb.SeriesFile) (interface{}, error) { return NewIndex(name, sfile), nil }

	tsdb.RegisterIndex(IndexName, func(id uint64, database, path string, seriesIDSet *tsdb.SeriesIDSet, sfile *tsdb.SeriesFile, opt tsdb.EngineOptions) tsdb.Index {
		return NewShardIndex(id, seriesIDSet, opt)
	})
}

// Index is the in memory index of a collection of measurements, time
// series, and their tags. Exported functions are goroutine safe while
// un-exported functions assume the caller will use the appropriate locks.
type Index struct {
	mu sync.RWMutex

	database string
	sfile    *tsdb.SeriesFile
	fieldset *tsdb.MeasurementFieldSet

	// In-memory metadata index, built on load and updated when new series come in
	measurements map[string]*measurement // measurement name to object and index
	series       map[string]*series      // map series key to the Series object

	seriesSketch, seriesTSSketch             estimator.Sketch
	measurementsSketch, measurementsTSSketch estimator.Sketch

	// Mutex to control rebuilds of the index
	rebuildQueue sync.Mutex
}

// NewIndex returns a new initialized Index.
func NewIndex(database string, sfile *tsdb.SeriesFile) *Index {
	index := &Index{
		database:     database,
		sfile:        sfile,
		measurements: make(map[string]*measurement),
		series:       make(map[string]*series),
	}

	index.seriesSketch = hll.NewDefaultPlus()
	index.seriesTSSketch = hll.NewDefaultPlus()
	index.measurementsSketch = hll.NewDefaultPlus()
	index.measurementsTSSketch = hll.NewDefaultPlus()

	return index
}

func (i *Index) UniqueReferenceID() uintptr {
	return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(i))
}

// Bytes estimates the memory footprint of this Index, in bytes.
func (i *Index) Bytes() int {
	var b int
	i.mu.RLock()
	b += 24 // mu RWMutex is 24 bytes
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.database)) + len(i.database)
	// Do not count SeriesFile because it belongs to the code that constructed this Index.
	if i.fieldset != nil {
		b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.fieldset)) + i.fieldset.Bytes()
	}
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.fieldset))
	for k, v := range i.measurements {
		b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(k)) + len(k)
		b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(v)) + v.bytes()
	}
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.measurements))
	for k, v := range i.series {
		b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(k)) + len(k)
		b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(v)) + v.bytes()
	}
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.series))
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.seriesSketch)) + i.seriesSketch.Bytes()
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.seriesTSSketch)) + i.seriesTSSketch.Bytes()
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.measurementsSketch)) + i.measurementsSketch.Bytes()
	b += int(unsafe.Sizeof(i.measurementsTSSketch)) + i.measurementsTSSketch.Bytes()
	b += 8 // rebuildQueue Mutex is 8 bytes
	i.mu.RUnlock()
	return b
}

func (i *Index) Type() string      { return IndexName }
func (i *Index) Open() (err error) { return nil }
func (i *Index) Close() error      { return nil }

func (i *Index) WithLogger(*zap.Logger) {}

// Database returns the name of the database the index was initialized with.
func (i *Index) Database() string {
	return i.database
}

// Series returns a series by key.
func (i *Index) Series(key []byte) (*series, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	s := i.series[string(key)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()
	return s, nil
}

// SeriesSketches returns the sketches for the series.
func (i *Index) SeriesSketches() (estimator.Sketch, estimator.Sketch, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()
	return i.seriesSketch.Clone(), i.seriesTSSketch.Clone(), nil
}

// Measurement returns the measurement object from the index by the name
func (i *Index) Measurement(name []byte) (*measurement, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()
	return i.measurements[string(name)], nil
}

// MeasurementExists returns true if the measurement exists.
func (i *Index) MeasurementExists(name []byte) (bool, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()
	return i.measurements[string(name)] != nil, nil
}

// MeasurementsSketches returns the sketches for the measurements.
func (i *Index) MeasurementsSketches() (estimator.Sketch, estimator.Sketch, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()
	return i.measurementsSketch.Clone(), i.measurementsTSSketch.Clone(), nil
}

// MeasurementsByName returns a list of measurements.
func (i *Index) MeasurementsByName(names [][]byte) ([]*measurement, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	a := make([]*measurement, 0, len(names))
	for _, name := range names {
		if m := i.measurements[string(name)]; m != nil {
			a = append(a, m)
		}
	}
	return a, nil
}

// MeasurementIterator returns an iterator over all measurements in the index.
// MeasurementIterator does not support authorization.
func (i *Index) MeasurementIterator() (tsdb.MeasurementIterator, error) {
	names, err := i.MeasurementNamesByExpr(nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return tsdb.NewMeasurementSliceIterator(names), nil
}

// CreateSeriesListIfNotExists adds the series for the given measurement to the
// index and sets its ID or returns the existing series object
func (i *Index) CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(seriesIDSet *tsdb.SeriesIDSet, measurements map[string]int,
	keys, names [][]byte, tagsSlice []models.Tags, opt *tsdb.EngineOptions, ignoreLimits bool) error {

	// Verify that the series will not exceed limit.
	if !ignoreLimits {
		i.mu.RLock()
		if max := opt.Config.MaxSeriesPerDatabase; max > 0 && len(i.series)+len(keys) > max {
			i.mu.RUnlock()
			return errMaxSeriesPerDatabaseExceeded{limit: opt.Config.MaxSeriesPerDatabase}
		}
		i.mu.RUnlock()
	}

	seriesIDs, err := i.sfile.CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(names, tagsSlice)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	i.mu.RLock()
	// If there is a series for this ID, it's already been added.
	seriesList := make([]*series, len(seriesIDs))
	for j, key := range keys {
		seriesList[j] = i.series[string(key)]
	}
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	var hasNewSeries bool
	for _, ss := range seriesList {
		if ss == nil {
			hasNewSeries = true
			continue
		}

		// This series might need to be added to the local bitset, if the series
		// was created on another shard.
		seriesIDSet.Lock()
		if !seriesIDSet.ContainsNoLock(ss.ID) {
			seriesIDSet.AddNoLock(ss.ID)
			measurements[ss.Measurement.Name]++
		}
		seriesIDSet.Unlock()
	}
	if !hasNewSeries {
		return nil
	}

	// get or create the measurement index
	mms := make([]*measurement, len(names))
	for j, name := range names {
		mms[j] = i.CreateMeasurementIndexIfNotExists(name)
	}

	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()

	// Check for the series again under a write lock
	var newSeriesN int
	for j, key := range keys {
		if seriesList[j] != nil {
			continue
		}

		ss := i.series[string(key)]
		if ss == nil {
			newSeriesN++
			continue
		}
		seriesList[j] = ss

		// This series might need to be added to the local bitset, if the series
		// was created on another shard.
		seriesIDSet.Lock()
		if !seriesIDSet.ContainsNoLock(ss.ID) {
			seriesIDSet.AddNoLock(ss.ID)
			measurements[ss.Measurement.Name]++
		}
		seriesIDSet.Unlock()
	}
	if newSeriesN == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	for j, key := range keys {
		// Note, keys may contain duplicates (e.g., because of points for the same series
		// in the same batch). If the duplicate series are new, the index must
		// be rechecked on each iteration.
		if seriesList[j] != nil || i.series[string(key)] != nil {
			continue
		}

		// set the in memory ID for query processing on this shard
		// The series key and tags are clone to prevent a memory leak
		skey := string(key)
		ss := newSeries(seriesIDs[j], mms[j], skey, tagsSlice[j].Clone())
		i.series[skey] = ss

		mms[j].AddSeries(ss)

		// Add the series to the series sketch.
		i.seriesSketch.Add(key)

		// This series needs to be added to the bitset tracking undeleted series IDs.
		seriesIDSet.Lock()
		seriesIDSet.AddNoLock(seriesIDs[j])
		measurements[mms[j].Name]++
		seriesIDSet.Unlock()
	}

	return nil
}

// CreateMeasurementIndexIfNotExists creates or retrieves an in memory index
// object for the measurement
func (i *Index) CreateMeasurementIndexIfNotExists(name []byte) *measurement {
	name = escape.Unescape(name)

	// See if the measurement exists using a read-lock
	i.mu.RLock()
	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m != nil {
		i.mu.RUnlock()
		return m
	}
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	// Doesn't exist, so lock the index to create it
	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()

	// Make sure it was created in between the time we released our read-lock
	// and acquire the write lock
	m = i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		m = newMeasurement(i.database, string(name))
		i.measurements[string(name)] = m

		// Add the measurement to the measurements sketch.
		i.measurementsSketch.Add([]byte(name))
	}
	return m
}

// HasTagKey returns true if tag key exists.
func (i *Index) HasTagKey(name, key []byte) (bool, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return false, nil
	}
	return mm.HasTagKey(string(key)), nil
}

// HasTagValue returns true if tag value exists.
func (i *Index) HasTagValue(name, key, value []byte) (bool, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return false, nil
	}
	return mm.HasTagKeyValue(key, value), nil
}

// TagValueN returns the cardinality of a tag value.
func (i *Index) TagValueN(name, key []byte) int {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return 0
	}
	return mm.CardinalityBytes(key)
}

// MeasurementTagKeysByExpr returns an ordered set of tag keys filtered by an expression.
func (i *Index) MeasurementTagKeysByExpr(name []byte, expr influxql.Expr) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return mm.TagKeysByExpr(expr)
}

// TagKeyHasAuthorizedSeries determines if there exists an authorized series for
// the provided measurement name and tag key.
func (i *Index) TagKeyHasAuthorizedSeries(auth query.Authorizer, name []byte, key string) bool {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return false
	}

	// TODO(edd): This looks like it's inefficient. Since a series can have multiple
	// tag key/value pairs on it, it's possible that the same unauthorised series
	// will be checked multiple times. It would be more efficient if it were
	// possible to get the set of unique series IDs for a given measurement name
	// and tag key.
	var authorized bool
	mm.SeriesByTagKeyValue(key).Range(func(_ string, sIDs seriesIDs) bool {
		if query.AuthorizerIsOpen(auth) {
			authorized = true
			return false
		}

		for _, id := range sIDs {
			s := mm.SeriesByID(id)
			if s == nil {
				continue
			}

			if auth.AuthorizeSeriesRead(i.database, mm.NameBytes, s.Tags) {
				authorized = true
				return false
			}
		}

		// This tag key/value combination doesn't have any authorised series, so
		// keep checking other tag values.
		return true
	})
	return authorized
}

// MeasurementTagKeyValuesByExpr returns a set of tag values filtered by an expression.
//
// See tsm1.Engine.MeasurementTagKeyValuesByExpr for a fuller description of this
// method.
func (i *Index) MeasurementTagKeyValuesByExpr(auth query.Authorizer, name []byte, keys []string, expr influxql.Expr, keysSorted bool) ([][]string, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil || len(keys) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	results := make([][]string, len(keys))

	// If we haven't been provided sorted keys, then we need to sort them.
	if !keysSorted {
		sort.Strings(keys)
	}

	ids, _, _ := mm.WalkWhereForSeriesIds(expr)
	if ids.Len() == 0 && expr == nil {
		for ki, key := range keys {
			values := mm.TagValues(auth, key)
			sort.Strings(values)
			results[ki] = values
		}
		return results, nil
	}

	// This is the case where we have filtered series by some WHERE condition.
	// We only care about the tag values for the keys given the
	// filtered set of series ids.

	keyIdxs := make(map[string]int, len(keys))
	for ki, key := range keys {
		keyIdxs[key] = ki
	}

	resultSet := make([]stringSet, len(keys))
	for i := 0; i < len(resultSet); i++ {
		resultSet[i] = newStringSet()
	}

	// Iterate all series to collect tag values.
	for _, id := range ids {
		s := mm.SeriesByID(id)
		if s == nil {
			continue
		}
		if auth != nil && !auth.AuthorizeSeriesRead(i.database, s.Measurement.NameBytes, s.Tags) {
			continue
		}

		// Iterate the tag keys we're interested in and collect values
		// from this series, if they exist.
		for _, t := range s.Tags {
			if idx, ok := keyIdxs[string(t.Key)]; ok {
				resultSet[idx].add(string(t.Value))
			} else if string(t.Key) > keys[len(keys)-1] {
				// The tag key is > the largest key we're interested in.
				break
			}
		}
	}
	for i, s := range resultSet {
		results[i] = s.list()
	}
	return results, nil
}

// ForEachMeasurementTagKey iterates over all tag keys for a measurement.
func (i *Index) ForEachMeasurementTagKey(name []byte, fn func(key []byte) error) error {
	// Ensure we do not hold a lock on the index while fn executes in case fn tries
	// to acquire a lock on the index again.  If another goroutine has Lock, this will
	// deadlock.
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return nil
	}

	for _, key := range mm.TagKeys() {
		if err := fn([]byte(key)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// TagKeyCardinality returns the number of values for a measurement/tag key.
func (i *Index) TagKeyCardinality(name, key []byte) int {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if mm == nil {
		return 0
	}
	return mm.CardinalityBytes(key)
}

// TagsForSeries returns the tag map for the passed in series
func (i *Index) TagsForSeries(key string) (models.Tags, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	ss := i.series[key]
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	if ss == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return ss.Tags, nil
}

// MeasurementNamesByExpr takes an expression containing only tags and returns a
// list of matching measurement names.
//
// TODO(edd): Remove authorisation from these methods. There shouldn't need to
// be any auth passed down into the index.
func (i *Index) MeasurementNamesByExpr(auth query.Authorizer, expr influxql.Expr) ([][]byte, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	// Return all measurement names if no expression is provided.
	if expr == nil {
		a := make([][]byte, 0, len(i.measurements))
		for _, m := range i.measurements {
			if m.Authorized(auth) {
				a = append(a, m.NameBytes)
			}
		}
		bytesutil.Sort(a)
		return a, nil
	}

	return i.measurementNamesByExpr(auth, expr)
}

func (i *Index) measurementNamesByExpr(auth query.Authorizer, expr influxql.Expr) ([][]byte, error) {
	if expr == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	switch e := expr.(type) {
	case *influxql.BinaryExpr:
		switch e.Op {
		case influxql.EQ, influxql.NEQ, influxql.EQREGEX, influxql.NEQREGEX:
			tag, ok := e.LHS.(*influxql.VarRef)
			if !ok {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("left side of '%s' must be a tag key", e.Op.String())
			}

			tf := &TagFilter{
				Op:  e.Op,
				Key: tag.Val,
			}

			if influxql.IsRegexOp(e.Op) {
				re, ok := e.RHS.(*influxql.RegexLiteral)
				if !ok {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("right side of '%s' must be a regular expression", e.Op.String())
				}
				tf.Regex = re.Val
			} else {
				s, ok := e.RHS.(*influxql.StringLiteral)
				if !ok {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("right side of '%s' must be a tag value string", e.Op.String())
				}
				tf.Value = s.Val
			}

			// Match on name, if specified.
			if tag.Val == "_name" {
				return i.measurementNamesByNameFilter(auth, tf.Op, tf.Value, tf.Regex), nil
			} else if influxql.IsSystemName(tag.Val) {
				return nil, nil
			}

			return i.measurementNamesByTagFilters(auth, tf), nil
		case influxql.OR, influxql.AND:
			lhs, err := i.measurementNamesByExpr(auth, e.LHS)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			rhs, err := i.measurementNamesByExpr(auth, e.RHS)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			if e.Op == influxql.OR {
				return bytesutil.Union(lhs, rhs), nil
			}
			return bytesutil.Intersect(lhs, rhs), nil
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid tag comparison operator")
		}
	case *influxql.ParenExpr:
		return i.measurementNamesByExpr(auth, e.Expr)
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%#v", expr)
}

// measurementNamesByNameFilter returns the sorted measurements matching a name.
func (i *Index) measurementNamesByNameFilter(auth query.Authorizer, op influxql.Token, val string, regex *regexp.Regexp) [][]byte {
	var names [][]byte
	for _, m := range i.measurements {
		var matched bool
		switch op {
		case influxql.EQ:
			matched = m.Name == val
		case influxql.NEQ:
			matched = m.Name != val
		case influxql.EQREGEX:
			matched = regex.MatchString(m.Name)
		case influxql.NEQREGEX:
			matched = !regex.MatchString(m.Name)
		}

		if matched && m.Authorized(auth) {
			names = append(names, m.NameBytes)
		}
	}
	bytesutil.Sort(names)
	return names
}

// measurementNamesByTagFilters returns the sorted measurements matching the filters on tag values.
func (i *Index) measurementNamesByTagFilters(auth query.Authorizer, filter *TagFilter) [][]byte {
	// Build a list of measurements matching the filters.
	var names [][]byte
	var tagMatch bool
	var authorized bool

	valEqual := filter.Regex.MatchString
	if filter.Op == influxql.EQ || filter.Op == influxql.NEQ {
		valEqual = func(s string) bool { return filter.Value == s }
	}

	// Iterate through all measurements in the database.
	for _, m := range i.measurements {
		tagVals := m.SeriesByTagKeyValue(filter.Key)
		if tagVals == nil {
			continue
		}

		tagMatch = false
		// Authorization must be explicitly granted when an authorizer is present.
		authorized = query.AuthorizerIsOpen(auth)

		// Check the tag values belonging to the tag key for equivalence to the
		// tag value being filtered on.
		tagVals.Range(func(tv string, seriesIDs seriesIDs) bool {
			if !valEqual(tv) {
				return true // No match. Keep checking.
			}

			tagMatch = true
			if query.AuthorizerIsOpen(auth) {
				return false // No need to continue checking series, there is a match.
			}

			// Is there a series with this matching tag value that is
			// authorized to be read?
			for _, sid := range seriesIDs {
				s := m.SeriesByID(sid)

				// If the series is deleted then it can't be used to authorise against.
				if s != nil && s.Deleted() {
					continue
				}

				if s != nil && auth.AuthorizeSeriesRead(i.database, m.NameBytes, s.Tags) {
					// The Range call can return early as a matching
					// tag value with an authorized series has been found.
					authorized = true
					return false
				}
			}

			// The matching tag value doesn't have any authorized series.
			// Check for other matching tag values if this is a regex check.
			return filter.Op == influxql.EQREGEX
		})

		// For negation operators, to determine if the measurement is authorized,
		// an authorized series belonging to the measurement must be located.
		// Then, the measurement can be added iff !tagMatch && authorized.
		if auth != nil && !tagMatch && (filter.Op == influxql.NEQREGEX || filter.Op == influxql.NEQ) {
			authorized = m.Authorized(auth)
		}

		// tags match | operation is EQ | measurement matches
		// --------------------------------------------------
		//     True   |       True      |      True
		//     True   |       False     |      False
		//     False  |       True      |      False
		//     False  |       False     |      True
		if tagMatch == (filter.Op == influxql.EQ || filter.Op == influxql.EQREGEX) && authorized {
			names = append(names, m.NameBytes)
		}
	}

	bytesutil.Sort(names)
	return names
}

// MeasurementNamesByRegex returns the measurements that match the regex.
func (i *Index) MeasurementNamesByRegex(re *regexp.Regexp) ([][]byte, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	var matches [][]byte
	for _, m := range i.measurements {
		if re.MatchString(m.Name) {
			matches = append(matches, m.NameBytes)
		}
	}
	return matches, nil
}

// DropMeasurement removes the measurement and all of its underlying
// series from the database index
func (i *Index) DropMeasurement(name []byte) error {
	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()
	return i.dropMeasurement(string(name))
}

func (i *Index) dropMeasurement(name string) error {
	// Update the tombstone sketch.
	i.measurementsTSSketch.Add([]byte(name))

	m := i.measurements[name]
	if m == nil {
		return nil
	}

	delete(i.measurements, name)
	for _, s := range m.SeriesByIDMap() {
		delete(i.series, s.Key)
		i.seriesTSSketch.Add([]byte(s.Key))
	}
	return nil
}

// DropMeasurementIfSeriesNotExist drops a measurement only if there are no more
// series for the measurment.
func (i *Index) DropMeasurementIfSeriesNotExist(name []byte) (bool, error) {
	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return false, nil
	}

	if m.HasSeries() {
		return false, nil
	}

	return true, i.dropMeasurement(string(name))
}

// DropSeriesGlobal removes the series key and its tags from the index.
func (i *Index) DropSeriesGlobal(key []byte) error {
	if key == nil {
		return nil
	}

	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()

	k := string(key)
	series := i.series[k]
	if series == nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Update the tombstone sketch.
	i.seriesTSSketch.Add([]byte(k))

	// Remove from the index.
	delete(i.series, k)

	// Remove the measurement's reference.
	series.Measurement.DropSeries(series)
	// Mark the series as deleted.
	series.Delete()

	// If the measurement no longer has any series, remove it as well.
	if !series.Measurement.HasSeries() {
		i.dropMeasurement(series.Measurement.Name)
	}

	return nil
}

// TagSets returns a list of tag sets.
func (i *Index) TagSets(shardSeriesIDs *tsdb.SeriesIDSet, name []byte, opt query.IteratorOptions) ([]*query.TagSet, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	mm := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if mm == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	tagSets, err := mm.TagSets(shardSeriesIDs, opt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return tagSets, nil
}

func (i *Index) SeriesKeys() []string {
	i.mu.RLock()
	s := make([]string, 0, len(i.series))
	for k := range i.series {
		s = append(s, k)
	}
	i.mu.RUnlock()
	return s

}

// SetFieldSet sets a shared field set from the engine.
func (i *Index) SetFieldSet(fieldset *tsdb.MeasurementFieldSet) {
	i.mu.Lock()
	defer i.mu.Unlock()
	i.fieldset = fieldset
}

// FieldSet returns the assigned fieldset.
func (i *Index) FieldSet() *tsdb.MeasurementFieldSet {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()
	return i.fieldset
}

// SetFieldName adds a field name to a measurement.
func (i *Index) SetFieldName(measurement []byte, name string) {
	m := i.CreateMeasurementIndexIfNotExists(measurement)
	m.SetFieldName(name)
}

// ForEachMeasurementName iterates over each measurement name.
func (i *Index) ForEachMeasurementName(fn func(name []byte) error) error {
	i.mu.RLock()
	mms := make(measurements, 0, len(i.measurements))
	for _, m := range i.measurements {
		mms = append(mms, m)
	}
	sort.Sort(mms)
	i.mu.RUnlock()

	for _, m := range mms {
		if err := fn(m.NameBytes); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (i *Index) MeasurementSeriesIDIterator(name []byte) (tsdb.SeriesIDIterator, error) {
	return i.MeasurementSeriesKeysByExprIterator(name, nil)
}

func (i *Index) TagKeySeriesIDIterator(name, key []byte) (tsdb.SeriesIDIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return tsdb.NewSeriesIDSliceIterator([]uint64(m.SeriesIDsByTagKey(key))), nil
}

func (i *Index) TagValueSeriesIDIterator(name, key, value []byte) (tsdb.SeriesIDIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return tsdb.NewSeriesIDSliceIterator([]uint64(m.SeriesIDsByTagValue(key, value))), nil
}

func (i *Index) TagKeyIterator(name []byte) (tsdb.TagKeyIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	keys := m.TagKeys()
	sort.Strings(keys)

	a := make([][]byte, len(keys))
	for i := range a {
		a[i] = []byte(keys[i])
	}
	return tsdb.NewTagKeySliceIterator(a), nil
}

// TagValueIterator provides an iterator over all the tag values belonging to
// series with the provided measurement name and tag key.
//
// TagValueIterator does not currently support authorization.
func (i *Index) TagValueIterator(name, key []byte) (tsdb.TagValueIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	values := m.TagValues(nil, string(key))
	sort.Strings(values)

	a := make([][]byte, len(values))
	for i := range a {
		a[i] = []byte(values[i])
	}
	return tsdb.NewTagValueSliceIterator(a), nil
}

func (i *Index) MeasurementSeriesKeysByExprIterator(name []byte, condition influxql.Expr) (tsdb.SeriesIDIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	// Return all series if no condition specified.
	if condition == nil {
		return tsdb.NewSeriesIDSliceIterator([]uint64(m.SeriesIDs())), nil
	}

	// Get series IDs that match the WHERE clause.
	ids, filters, err := m.WalkWhereForSeriesIds(condition)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Delete boolean literal true filter expressions.
	// These are returned for `WHERE tagKey = 'tagVal'` type expressions and are okay.
	filters.DeleteBoolLiteralTrues()

	// Check for unsupported field filters.
	// Any remaining filters means there were fields (e.g., `WHERE value = 1.2`).
	if filters.Len() > 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("fields not supported in WHERE clause during deletion")
	}

	return tsdb.NewSeriesIDSliceIterator([]uint64(ids)), nil
}

func (i *Index) MeasurementSeriesKeysByExpr(name []byte, condition influxql.Expr) ([][]byte, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	m := i.measurements[string(name)]
	if m == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	// Return all series if no condition specified.
	if condition == nil {
		return m.SeriesKeys(), nil
	}

	// Get series IDs that match the WHERE clause.
	ids, filters, err := m.WalkWhereForSeriesIds(condition)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Delete boolean literal true filter expressions.
	// These are returned for `WHERE tagKey = 'tagVal'` type expressions and are okay.
	filters.DeleteBoolLiteralTrues()

	// Check for unsupported field filters.
	// Any remaining filters means there were fields (e.g., `WHERE value = 1.2`).
	if filters.Len() > 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("fields not supported in WHERE clause during deletion")
	}

	return m.SeriesKeysByID(ids), nil
}

// SeriesIDIterator returns an influxql iterator over matching series ids.
func (i *Index) SeriesIDIterator(opt query.IteratorOptions) (tsdb.SeriesIDIterator, error) {
	i.mu.RLock()
	defer i.mu.RUnlock()

	// Read and sort all measurements.
	mms := make(measurements, 0, len(i.measurements))
	for _, mm := range i.measurements {
		mms = append(mms, mm)
	}
	sort.Sort(mms)

	return &seriesIDIterator{
		database: i.database,
		mms:      mms,
		opt:      opt,
	}, nil
}

// DiskSizeBytes always returns zero bytes, since this is an in-memory index.
func (i *Index) DiskSizeBytes() int64 { return 0 }

// Rebuild recreates the measurement indexes to allow deleted series to be removed
// and garbage collected.
func (i *Index) Rebuild() {
	// Only allow one rebuild at a time.  This will cause all subsequent rebuilds
	// to queue.  The measurement rebuild is idempotent and will not be rebuilt if
	// it does not need to be.
	i.rebuildQueue.Lock()
	defer i.rebuildQueue.Unlock()

	i.ForEachMeasurementName(func(name []byte) error {
		// Measurement never returns an error
		m, _ := i.Measurement(name)
		if m == nil {
			return nil
		}

		i.mu.Lock()
		nm := m.Rebuild()

		i.measurements[string(name)] = nm
		i.mu.Unlock()
		return nil
	})
}

// assignExistingSeries assigns the existing series to shardID and returns the series, names and tags that
// do not exists yet.
func (i *Index) assignExistingSeries(shardID uint64, seriesIDSet *tsdb.SeriesIDSet, measurements map[string]int,
	keys, names [][]byte, tagsSlice []models.Tags) ([][]byte, [][]byte, []models.Tags) {

	i.mu.RLock()
	var n int
	for j, key := range keys {
		if ss := i.series[string(key)]; ss == nil {
			keys[n] = keys[j]
			names[n] = names[j]
			tagsSlice[n] = tagsSlice[j]
			n++
		} else {
			// Add the existing series to this shard's bitset, since this may
			// be the first time the series is added to this shard.
			if !seriesIDSet.Contains(ss.ID) {
				seriesIDSet.Lock()
				if !seriesIDSet.ContainsNoLock(ss.ID) {
					seriesIDSet.AddNoLock(ss.ID)
					measurements[string(names[j])]++
				}
				seriesIDSet.Unlock()
			}
		}
	}
	i.mu.RUnlock()
	return keys[:n], names[:n], tagsSlice[:n]
}

// Ensure index implements interface.
var _ tsdb.Index = &ShardIndex{}

// ShardIndex represents a shim between the TSDB index interface and the shared
// in-memory index. This is required because per-shard in-memory indexes will
// grow the heap size too large.
type ShardIndex struct {
	id uint64 // shard id

	*Index // Shared reference to global database-wide index.

	// Bitset storing all undeleted series IDs associated with this shard.
	seriesIDSet *tsdb.SeriesIDSet

	// mapping of measurements to the count of series ids in the set. protected
	// by the seriesIDSet lock.
	measurements map[string]int

	opt tsdb.EngineOptions
}

// DropSeries removes the provided series id from the local bitset that tracks
// series in this shard only.
func (idx *ShardIndex) DropSeries(seriesID uint64, key []byte, _ bool) error {
	// Remove from shard-local bitset if it exists.
	idx.seriesIDSet.Lock()
	if idx.seriesIDSet.ContainsNoLock(seriesID) {
		idx.seriesIDSet.RemoveNoLock(seriesID)

		name := models.ParseName(key)
		if curr := idx.measurements[string(name)]; curr <= 1 {
			delete(idx.measurements, string(name))
		} else {
			idx.measurements[string(name)] = curr - 1
		}
	}
	idx.seriesIDSet.Unlock()
	return nil
}

// DropMeasurementIfSeriesNotExist drops a measurement only if there are no more
// series for the measurment.
func (idx *ShardIndex) DropMeasurementIfSeriesNotExist(name []byte) (bool, error) {
	idx.seriesIDSet.Lock()
	curr := idx.measurements[string(name)]
	idx.seriesIDSet.Unlock()
	if curr > 0 {
		return false, nil
	}

	// we always report the measurement was dropped if it does not exist in our
	// measurements mapping.
	_, err := idx.Index.DropMeasurementIfSeriesNotExist(name)
	return err == nil, err
}

// CreateSeriesListIfNotExists creates a list of series if they doesn't exist in bulk.
func (idx *ShardIndex) CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(keys, names [][]byte, tagsSlice []models.Tags) error {
	keys, names, tagsSlice = idx.assignExistingSeries(idx.id, idx.seriesIDSet, idx.measurements, keys, names, tagsSlice)
	if len(keys) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	var (
		reason      string
		droppedKeys [][]byte
	)

	// Ensure that no tags go over the maximum cardinality.
	if maxValuesPerTag := idx.opt.Config.MaxValuesPerTag; maxValuesPerTag > 0 {
		var n int

	outer:
		for i, name := range names {
			tags := tagsSlice[i]
			for _, tag := range tags {
				// Skip if the tag value already exists.
				if ok, _ := idx.HasTagValue(name, tag.Key, tag.Value); ok {
					continue
				}

				// Read cardinality. Skip if we're below the threshold.
				n := idx.TagValueN(name, tag.Key)
				if n < maxValuesPerTag {
					continue
				}

				if reason == "" {
					reason = fmt.Sprintf("max-values-per-tag limit exceeded (%d/%d): measurement=%q tag=%q value=%q",
						n, maxValuesPerTag, name, string(tag.Key), string(tag.Value))
				}

				droppedKeys = append(droppedKeys, keys[i])
				continue outer
			}

			// Increment success count if all checks complete.
			if n != i {
				keys[n], names[n], tagsSlice[n] = keys[i], names[i], tagsSlice[i]
			}
			n++
		}

		// Slice to only include successful points.
		keys, names, tagsSlice = keys[:n], names[:n], tagsSlice[:n]
	}

	if err := idx.Index.CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(idx.seriesIDSet, idx.measurements, keys, names, tagsSlice, &idx.opt, idx.opt.Config.MaxSeriesPerDatabase == 0); err != nil {
		reason = err.Error()
		droppedKeys = append(droppedKeys, keys...)
	}

	// Report partial writes back to shard.
	if len(droppedKeys) > 0 {
		dropped := len(droppedKeys) // number dropped before deduping
		bytesutil.SortDedup(droppedKeys)
		return tsdb.PartialWriteError{
			Reason:      reason,
			Dropped:     dropped,
			DroppedKeys: droppedKeys,
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// SeriesN returns the number of unique non-tombstoned series local to this shard.
func (idx *ShardIndex) SeriesN() int64 {
	idx.mu.RLock()
	defer idx.mu.RUnlock()
	return int64(idx.seriesIDSet.Cardinality())
}

// InitializeSeries is called during start-up.
// This works the same as CreateSeriesListIfNotExists except it ignore limit errors.
func (idx *ShardIndex) InitializeSeries(keys, names [][]byte, tags []models.Tags) error {
	return idx.Index.CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(idx.seriesIDSet, idx.measurements, keys, names, tags, &idx.opt, true)
}

// CreateSeriesIfNotExists creates the provided series on the index if it is not
// already present.
func (idx *ShardIndex) CreateSeriesIfNotExists(key, name []byte, tags models.Tags) error {
	return idx.Index.CreateSeriesListIfNotExists(idx.seriesIDSet, idx.measurements, [][]byte{key}, [][]byte{name}, []models.Tags{tags}, &idx.opt, false)
}

// TagSets returns a list of tag sets based on series filtering.
func (idx *ShardIndex) TagSets(name []byte, opt query.IteratorOptions) ([]*query.TagSet, error) {
	return idx.Index.TagSets(idx.seriesIDSet, name, opt)
}

// SeriesIDSet returns the bitset associated with the series ids.
func (idx *ShardIndex) SeriesIDSet() *tsdb.SeriesIDSet {
	return idx.seriesIDSet
}

// NewShardIndex returns a new index for a shard.
func NewShardIndex(id uint64, seriesIDSet *tsdb.SeriesIDSet, opt tsdb.EngineOptions) tsdb.Index {
	return &ShardIndex{
		Index:        opt.InmemIndex.(*Index),
		id:           id,
		seriesIDSet:  seriesIDSet,
		measurements: make(map[string]int),
		opt:          opt,
	}
}

// seriesIDIterator emits series ids.
type seriesIDIterator struct {
	database string
	mms      measurements
	keys     struct {
		buf []*series
		i   int
	}
	opt query.IteratorOptions
}

// Stats returns stats about the points processed.
func (itr *seriesIDIterator) Stats() query.IteratorStats { return query.IteratorStats{} }

// Close closes the iterator.
func (itr *seriesIDIterator) Close() error { return nil }

// Next emits the next point in the iterator.
func (itr *seriesIDIterator) Next() (tsdb.SeriesIDElem, error) {
	for {
		// Load next measurement's keys if there are no more remaining.
		if itr.keys.i >= len(itr.keys.buf) {
			if err := itr.nextKeys(); err != nil {
				return tsdb.SeriesIDElem{}, err
			}
			if len(itr.keys.buf) == 0 {
				return tsdb.SeriesIDElem{}, nil
			}
		}

		// Read the next key.
		series := itr.keys.buf[itr.keys.i]
		itr.keys.i++

		if !itr.opt.Authorizer.AuthorizeSeriesRead(itr.database, series.Measurement.NameBytes, series.Tags) {
			continue
		}

		return tsdb.SeriesIDElem{SeriesID: series.ID}, nil
	}
}

// nextKeys reads all keys for the next measurement.
func (itr *seriesIDIterator) nextKeys() error {
	for {
		// Ensure previous keys are cleared out.
		itr.keys.i, itr.keys.buf = 0, itr.keys.buf[:0]

		// Read next measurement.
		if len(itr.mms) == 0 {
			return nil
		}
		mm := itr.mms[0]
		itr.mms = itr.mms[1:]

		// Read all series keys.
		ids, err := mm.SeriesIDsAllOrByExpr(itr.opt.Condition)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		} else if len(ids) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		itr.keys.buf = mm.SeriesByIDSlice(ids)

		// Sort series by key
		sort.Slice(itr.keys.buf, func(i, j int) bool {
			return itr.keys.buf[i].Key < itr.keys.buf[j].Key
		})

		return nil
	}
}

// errMaxSeriesPerDatabaseExceeded is a marker error returned during series creation
// to indicate that a new series would exceed the limits of the database.
type errMaxSeriesPerDatabaseExceeded struct {
	limit int
}

func (e errMaxSeriesPerDatabaseExceeded) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("max-series-per-database limit exceeded: (%d)", e.limit)
}