diff --git a/tsdb/engine/tsm1/compact.go b/tsdb/engine/tsm1/compact.go
index 31eecbd0cd..9c2b90244a 100644
--- a/tsdb/engine/tsm1/compact.go
+++ b/tsdb/engine/tsm1/compact.go
@@ -1381,6 +1381,9 @@ type tsmBatchKeyIterator struct {
 	// errs is any error we received while iterating values.
 	errs TSMErrors
 
+	// errSet is the error strings we have seen before
+	errSet map[string]struct{}
+
 	// indicates whether the iterator should choose a faster merging strategy over a more
 	// optimally compressed one.  If fast is true, multiple blocks will just be added as is
 	// and not combined.  In some cases, a slower path will need to be utilized even when
@@ -1426,13 +1429,18 @@ type tsmBatchKeyIterator struct {
 	overflowErrors int
 }
 
+// AppendError - store unique errors in the order of first appearance,
+// up to a limit of maxErrors.  If the error is unique and stored, return true.
 func (t *tsmBatchKeyIterator) AppendError(err error) bool {
-	if t.maxErrors > len(t.errs) {
+	s := err.Error()
+	if _, ok := t.errSet[s]; ok {
+		return true
+	} else if t.maxErrors > len(t.errs) {
 		t.errs = append(t.errs, err)
-		// Was the error stored?
+		t.errSet[s] = struct{}{}
 		return true
 	} else {
-		// Was the error dropped
+		// Was the error dropped?
 		t.overflowErrors++
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1450,6 +1458,7 @@ func NewTSMBatchKeyIterator(size int, fast bool, maxErrors int, interrupt chan s
 		readers:              readers,
 		values:               map[string][]Value{},
 		pos:                  make([]int, len(readers)),
+		errSet:               map[string]struct{}{},
 		size:                 size,
 		iterators:            iter,
 		fast:                 fast,
@@ -1680,6 +1689,8 @@ func (k *tsmBatchKeyIterator) Close() error {
 	for _, r := range k.readers {
 		errSlice = append(errSlice, r.Close())
 	}
+	clear(k.errSet)
+	k.errs = nil
 	return errors.Join(errSlice...)
 }
 
@@ -1689,8 +1700,7 @@ func (k *tsmBatchKeyIterator) Err() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	// Copy the errors before appending the dropped error count
-	var errs TSMErrors
-	errs = make([]error, 0, len(k.errs)+1)
+	errs := make([]error, 0, len(k.errs)+1)
 	errs = append(errs, k.errs...)
 	errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("additional errors dropped: %d", k.overflowErrors))
 	return errors.Join(errs...)
diff --git a/tsdb/engine/tsm1/reader_test.go b/tsdb/engine/tsm1/reader_test.go
index f894897354..c7003a2897 100644
--- a/tsdb/engine/tsm1/reader_test.go
+++ b/tsdb/engine/tsm1/reader_test.go
@@ -1875,8 +1875,14 @@ func TestBatchKeyIterator_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 			err: fmt.Errorf("decode error: unable to decompress block type %s for key '%s': %v",
 				"string", "summary#!~#mfu_estimated_percent", fmt.Errorf("test invalid error 1"))},
 		fmt.Errorf("test error 2"),
+		// Duplicate error - should be stored once, but not counted as dropped.
+		fmt.Errorf("test error 2"),
 		fmt.Errorf("test error 3"),
+		fmt.Errorf("test error 4"),
 	}
+
+	// Store all but the last error
+	MaxErrors := len(errorCases) - 2
 	dir, name := createTestTSM(t)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
 	fr, err := os.Open(name)
@@ -1887,44 +1893,33 @@ func TestBatchKeyIterator_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		// Only have a deferred close if we could not create the TSMReader
 		defer func() {
-			if e := fr.Close(); e != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error closing %s: %v", name, e)
-			}
+			require.NoError(t, fr.Close(), "unexpected error closing %s", name)
+		}()
+	} else {
+		defer func() {
+			require.NoError(t, r.Close(), "unexpected error closing TSMReader for %s", name)
 		}()
-
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error creating TSMReader for %s: %v", name, err)
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		if e := r.Close(); e != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("error closing TSMReader for %s: %v", name, e)
-		}
-	}()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unexpected error creating TSMReader for %s", name)
 	interrupts := make(chan struct{})
 	var iter KeyIterator
-	if iter, err = NewTSMBatchKeyIterator(3, false, len(errorCases), interrupts, []string{name}, r); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error creating tsmBatchKeyIterator: %v", err)
-	}
-	var i int
-	for i = 0; i < 2; i++ {
-		for j, e := range errorCases {
+	iter, err = NewTSMBatchKeyIterator(3, false, MaxErrors, interrupts, []string{name}, r)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unexpected error creating tsmBatchKeyIterator")
+
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		for _, e := range errorCases {
 			saved := iter.(*tsmBatchKeyIterator).AppendError(e)
-			index := (1 + j) + (len(errorCases) * i)
-			if index < len(errorCases) && !saved {
-				t.Fatalf("error unexpectedly not saved: %d", index)
-			} else if index > len(errorCases) && saved {
-				t.Fatalf("error unexpectedly saved: %d", index)
-			}
+			savedErrs := iter.(*tsmBatchKeyIterator).Err().(interface{ Unwrap() []error }).Unwrap()
+			require.False(t, len(savedErrs) < MaxErrors && !saved, "error not saved when it should have been: %v", e)
 		}
 	}
 	var blockReadError errBlockRead
 	iterErr := iter.Err()
 	joinErr, ok := iterErr.(interface{ Unwrap() []error })
 	require.True(t, ok, "errs does not implement Unwrap() as a joinError should: %T", iterErr)
-	require.Equal(t, 1+len(errorCases), len(joinErr.Unwrap()), "saved wrong number of errors")
+	require.Equal(t, 1+MaxErrors, len(joinErr.Unwrap()), "saved wrong number of errors")
 	require.True(t, errors.As(iterErr, &blockReadError), "expected errBlockRead error, got %T", err)
 	require.Equal(t, testFile, blockReadError.file, "unexpected file name in error")
-	expected := fmt.Sprintf("additional errors dropped: %d", len(errorCases))
-	require.Equal(t, expected, joinErr.Unwrap()[len(errorCases)].Error(), "unexpected error message for dropped errors")
 }
 
 func createTestTSM(t *testing.T) (dir string, name string) {