---
title: SQL string functions
list_title: String functions
description: >
  Use string functions to operate on string values in SQL queries.
menu:
  influxdb_cloud_dedicated:
    name: String
    parent: sql-functions    
weight: 307
---

The InfluxDB SQL implementation supports the following string functions for
operating on string values:

- [ascii](#ascii)
- [bit_length](#bit_length)
- [btrim](#btrim)
- [char_length](#char_length)
- [character_length](#character_length)
- [concat](#concat)
- [concat_ws](#concat_ws)
- [chr](#chr)
- [initcap](#initcap)
- [left](#left)
- [length](#length)
- [lower](#lower)
- [lpad](#lpad)
- [ltrim](#ltrim)
- [md5](#md5)
- [octet_length](#octet_length)
- [repeat](#repeat)
- [replace](#replace)
- [reverse](#reverse)
- [right](#right)
- [rpad](#rpad)
- [rtrim](#rtrim)
- [split_part](#split_part)
- [starts_with](#starts_with)
- [strpos](#strpos)
- [substr](#substr)
- [to_hex](#to_hex)
- [translate](#translate)
- [trim](#trim)
- [upper](#upper)
- [uuid](#uuid)

## ascii

Returns the ASCII value of the first character in a string.

{{% note %}}
`ascii` returns a 32-bit integer.
To use with InfluxDB, [cast the return value to 64-bit integer](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/query-data/sql/cast-types/#cast-to-an-integer).
{{% /note %}}

```sql
ascii(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[chr](#chr)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `ascii` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  ascii(room)::BIGINT AS ascii
FROM home
```

| room        | ascii |
| :---------- | ----: |
| Kitchen     |    75 |
| Living Room |    76 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## bit_length

Returns the bit length of a string.

{{% note %}}
`bit_length` returns a 32-bit integer.
To use with InfluxDB, [cast the return value to 64-bit integer](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/query-data/sql/cast-types/#cast-to-an-integer).
{{% /note %}}

```sql
bit_length(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[length](#length), [octet_length](#octet_length)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `bit_length` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  bit_length(room)::BIGINT AS bit_length
FROM home
```

| room        | bit_length |
| :---------- | ---------: |
| Living Room |         88 |
| Kitchen     |         56 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## btrim

Trims the specified trim string from the start and end of a string.
If no trim string is provided, all whitespace is removed from the start and end
of the input string.

```sql
btrim(str[, trim_str])
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **trim_str**: String expression to trim from the beginning and end of the input string.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators.
  _Default is whitespace characters_.

##### Related functions

[ltrim](#ltrim),
[rtrim](#rtrim),
[trim](#trim)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `btrim` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  btrim(room::STRING, ' Room') AS btrim
FROM home
```

| room        | btrim   |
| :---------- | :------ |
| Living Room | Living  |
| Kitchen     | Kitchen |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## char_length

_Alias of [length](#length)._

## character_length

_Alias of [length](#length)._

## concat

Concatenates multiple strings together.

```sql
concat(str[, ..., str_n])
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to concatenate.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **str_n**: Subsequent string expression to concatenate.

##### Related functions

[contcat_ws](#contcat_ws)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `concat` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT
  concat('At ', time::STRING, ', the ', room, ' was ', temp::STRING, '°C.') AS concat
FROM home
LIMIT 3
```

{{% influxdb/custom-timestamps %}}

| concat                                          |
| :---------------------------------------------- |
| At 2022-01-01T08:00:00, the Kitchen was 21.0°C. |
| At 2022-01-01T09:00:00, the Kitchen was 23.0°C. |
| At 2022-01-01T10:00:00, the Kitchen was 22.7°C. |

{{% /influxdb/custom-timestamps %}}

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## concat_ws

Concatenates multiple strings together with a specified separator.

```sql
concat(separator, str[, ..., str_n])
```

##### Arguments

- **separator**: Separator to insert between concatenated strings.
- **str**: String expression to concatenate.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **str_n**: Subsequent string expression to concatenate.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[concat](#concat)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `concat_ws` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT
  concat_ws(' -- ', time::STRING, room, temp::STRING) AS concat_ws
FROM home
LIMIT 3
```

{{% influxdb/custom-timestamps %}}

| concat_ws                                  |
| :----------------------------------------- |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00 \-\- Kitchen \-\- 21.0 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00 \-\- Kitchen \-\- 23.0 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00 \-\- Kitchen \-\- 22.7 |

{{% /influxdb/custom-timestamps %}}

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## chr

Returns the character with the specified ASCII or Unicode code value.

```
chr(expression)
```

#### Arguments

- **expression**: Expression containing the ASCII or Unicode code value to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic or
  string operators.

##### Related functions

[ascii](#ascii)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `chr` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  ascii,
  chr(ascii) AS chr
FROM
  (values (112),
          (75),
          (214)
  ) data(ascii)
```

| ascii | chr |
| :---- | :-: |
| 112   |  p  |
| 75    |  K  |
| 214   |  Ö  |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## initcap

Capitalizes the first character in each word in the input string.
Words are delimited by non-alphanumeric characters.

```sql
initcap(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[lower](#lower),
[upper](#upper)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `initcap` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  string,
  initcap(string) AS initcap
FROM
  (values ('hello world'),
          ('hello-world'),
          ('hello_world')
  ) data(string)
```

| string      | initcap     |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| hello world | Hello World |
| hello-world | Hello-World |
| hello_world | Hello_World |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## left

Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string.

```sql
left(str, n)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **n**: Number of characters to return.

##### Related functions

[right](#right)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `left` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  left(room::STRING, 3) AS left
FROM home
```

| room        | left |
| :---------- | :--- |
| Kitchen     | Kit  |
| Living Room | Liv  |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## length

Returns the number of characters in a string.

{{% note %}}
`char_length` returns a 32-bit integer.
To use with InfluxDB, [cast the return value to 64-bit integer](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/query-data/sql/cast-types/#cast-to-an-integer).
{{% /note %}}

```sql
length(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Aliases

- char\_length
- character\_length

##### Related functions

[bit_length](#bit_length),
[octet_length](#octet_length)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `length` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  length(room)::BIGINT AS length
FROM home
```

| room        | length |
| :---------- | -----: |
| Kitchen     |      7 |
| Living Room |     11 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## lower

Converts a string to lower-case.

```sql
lower(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[initcap](#initcap),
[upper](#upper)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `lower` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  lower(room::STRING) AS lower
FROM home
```

| room        | lower       |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Kitchen     | kitchen     |
| Living Room | living room |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## lpad

Pads the left side of a string with another string to a specified string length.

```sql
lpad(str, n[, padding_str])
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **n**: String length to pad to.
- **padding_str**: String expression to pad with.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
  _Default is a space._

##### Related functions

[rpad](#rpad)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `lpad` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  lpad(room::STRING, 14, '-') AS lpad
FROM home
```

| room        | lpad                  |
| :---------- | :-------------------- |
| Kitchen     | \-\-\-\-\-\-\-Kitchen |
| Living Room | \-\-\-Living Room     |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## ltrim

Removes leading spaces from a string.

```sql
ltrim(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[btrim](#btrim),
[rtrim](#rtrim),
[trim](#trim)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `ltrim` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  string,
  ltrim(string) AS ltrim
FROM
  (values ('  Leading spaces'),
          ('Trailing spaces  '),
          ('  Leading and trailing spaces  ')
  ) data(string)
```

| string                                  | ltrim                                   |
| :-------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leading spaces              | Leading spaces                          |
| Trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp;             | Trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp;             |
| Leading and trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp; | Leading and trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp; |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## md5

Computes an MD5 128-bit checksum for a string expression.

```sql
md5(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **expression**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `md5` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  md5(room) AS md5
FROM home
```

| room        | md5                              |
| :---------- | :------------------------------- |
| Kitchen     | 33fa00a66f2edf0d1c5697a9f8693ba8 |
| Living Room | f45b0e6aec165544faccaf2cad820542 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## octet_length

Returns the length of a string in bytes.

{{% note %}}
`length` returns a 32-bit integer.
To use with InfluxDB, [cast the return value to 64-bit integer](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/query-data/sql/cast-types/#cast-to-an-integer).
{{% /note %}}

```sql
octet_length(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[bit_length](#bit_length),
[length](#length)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `octet_length` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  octet_length(room)::BIGINT AS octet_length
FROM home
```

| room        | octet_length |
| :---------- | -----------: |
| Living Room |           11 |
| Kitchen     |            7 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## repeat

Returns a string with an input string repeated a specified number.

```sql
repeat(str, n)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to repeat.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **n**: Number of times to repeat the input string.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `repeat` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  string,
  repeat(string, 3) AS repeat
FROM
  (values ('foo '),
          ('bar '),
          ('baz ')
  ) data(string)
```

| string    | repeat      |
| :-------- | :---------- |
| foo&nbsp; | foo foo foo |
| bar&nbsp; | bar bar bar |
| baz&nbsp; | baz baz baz |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## replace

Replaces all occurrences of a specified substring in a string with a new substring.

```sql
replace(str, substr, replacement)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to repeat.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **substr**: Substring expression to replace in the input string.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **replacement**: Replacement substring expression.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `replace` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  replace(room::STRING, ' ', '_') AS replace
FROM home
```

| room        | replace     |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Kitchen     | Kitchen     |
| Living Room | Living_Room |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## reverse

Reverses the character order of a string.

```sql
reverse(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to repeat.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `reverse` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  reverse(room::STRING) AS reverse
FROM home
```

| room        | reverse     |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Kitchen     | nehctiK     |
| Living Room | mooR gniviL |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## right

Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string.

```sql
right(str, n)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **n**: Number of characters to return.

##### Related functions

[left](#left)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `right` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  right(room::STRING, 3) AS right
FROM home
```

| room        | right |
| :---------- | :---- |
| Living Room | oom   |
| Kitchen     | hen   |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## rpad

Pads the right side of a string with another string to a specified string length.

```sql
rpad(str, n[, padding_str])
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **n**: String length to pad to.
- **padding_str**: String expression to pad with.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
  _Default is a space._

##### Related functions

[lpad](#lpad)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `rpad` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  rpad(room::STRING, 14, '-') AS rpad
FROM home
```

| room        | rpad                  |
| :---------- | :-------------------- |
| Kitchen     | Kitchen\-\-\-\-\-\-\- |
| Living Room | Living Room\-\-\-     |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## rtrim

Removes trailing spaces from a string.

```sql
rtrim(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[btrim](#btrim),
[ltrim](#ltrim),
[trim](#trim)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `rtrim` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  string,
  rtrim(string) AS rtrim
FROM
  (values ('  Leading spaces'),
          ('Trailing spaces  '),
          ('  Leading and trailing spaces  ')
  ) data(string)
```

| string                                  | rtrim                                   |
| :-------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leading spaces              | &nbsp;&nbsp;Leading spaces              |
| Trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp;             | Trailing spaces                         |
| Leading and trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp; | &nbsp;&nbsp;Leading and trailing spaces |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## split_part

Splits a string based on a specified delimiter and returns the substring in the
specified position.

```sql
split_part(str, delimiter, pos)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to spit.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **delimiter**: String or character to split on.
- **pos**: Position of the part to return.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `split_part` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  url,
  split_part(url, '.', 1) AS split_part
FROM
  (values ('www.influxdata.com'),
          ('docs.influxdata.com'),
          ('community.influxdata.com')
  ) data(url)
```

| url                      | split_part |
| :----------------------- | :--------- |
| www.influxdata.com       | www        |
| docs.influxdata.com      | docs       |
| community.influxdata.com | community  |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## starts_with

Tests if a string starts with a substring.

```sql
starts_with(str, substr)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to test.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **substr**: Substring to test for.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `starts_with` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  starts_with(room::STRING, 'Kit') AS starts_with
FROM home
```

| room        | starts_with |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Kitchen     | true        |
| Living Room | false       |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## strpos

Returns the starting position of a specified substring in a string.
Positions begin at 1.
If the substring does not exist in the string, the function returns 0.

{{% note %}}
`strpos` returns a 32-bit integer.
To use with InfluxDB, [cast the return value to 64-bit integer](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/query-data/sql/cast-types/#cast-to-an-integer).
{{% /note %}}

```sql
strpos(str, substr)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **substr**: Substring expression to search for.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `strpos` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  strpos(room::STRING, 'Room')::BIGINT AS strpos
FROM home
```

| room        | strpos |
| :---------- | -----: |
| Kitchen     |      0 |
| Living Room |      8 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## substr

Extracts a substring of a specified number of characters from a specific
starting position in a string.

```sql
substr(str, start_pos[, length])
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **start_pos**: Character position to start the substring at.
  The first character in the string has a position of 1.
- **length**: Number of characters to extract.
  If not specified, returns the rest of the string after the start position.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `substr` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  substr(room::STRING, 3, 5) AS substr
FROM home
```

| room        | substr     |
| :---------- | :--------- |
| Living Room | ving&nbsp; |
| Kitchen     | tchen      |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## translate

Translates characters in a string to specified translation characters.

```sql
translate(str, chars, translation)
```

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.
- **chars**: Characters to translate.
- **translation**: Translation characters. Translation characters replace only
  characters at the same position in the **chars** string.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `translate` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  translate(room::STRING, 'Rom', 'sOn') AS translate
FROM home
```

| room        | translate   |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Living Room | Living sOOn |
| Kitchen     | Kitchen     |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## to_hex

Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.

```sql
to_hex(int)
```

##### Arguments

- **int**: Integer expression to convert.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators.

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `to_hex` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  int,
  to_hex(int) AS to_hex
FROM
  (values (123),
          (345),
          (678)
  ) data(int)
```

| int | to_hex |
| :-- | -----: |
| 123 |     7b |
| 345 |    159 |
| 678 |    2a6 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## trim

Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.

```sql
trim(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[btrim](#btrim),
[ltrim](#ltrim),
[rtrim](#rtrim)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `trim` query example" %}}

```sql
SELECT
  string,
  trim(string) AS trim
FROM
  (values ('  Leading spaces'),
          ('Trailing spaces  '),
          ('  Leading and trailing spaces  ')
  ) data(string)
```

| string                                  | trim                        |
| :-------------------------------------- | :-------------------------- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leading spaces              | Leading spaces              |
| Trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp;             | Trailing spaces             |
| Leading and trailing spaces&nbsp;&nbsp; | Leading and trailing spaces |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## upper

Converts a string to upper-case.

```sql
upper(str)
```

##### Arguments

- **str**: String expression to operate on.
  Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of string operators.

##### Related functions

[initcap](#initcap),
[lower](#lower)

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `upper` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT
  room,
  upper(room::STRING) AS upper
FROM home
```

| room        | upper       |
| :---------- | :---------- |
| Living Room | LIVING ROOM |
| Kitchen     | KITCHEN     |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}

## uuid

Returns a UUID v4 string value that is unique per row.

```sql
uuid()
```

{{< expand-wrapper >}}
{{% expand "View `upper` query example" %}}

_The following example uses the sample data set provided in the
[Get started with InfluxDB tutorial](/influxdb/cloud-dedicated/get-started/write/#construct-line-protocol)._

```sql
SELECT
  room,
  uuid() AS uuid
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT room FROM home)
```

| room        |                 uuid                 |
| :---------- | :----------------------------------: |
| Kitchen     | f0b41da9-e334-4b7d-b925-a54ca6b082f3 |
| Living Room | c31be90e-c4ed-4304-b633-47b969ef3ab6 |

{{% /expand %}}
{{< /expand-wrapper >}}