"""Provide functionality to stream video source. Components use create_stream with a stream source (e.g. an rtsp url) to create a new Stream object. Stream manages: - Background work to fetch and decode a stream - Desired output formats - Home Assistant URLs for viewing a stream - Access tokens for URLs for viewing a stream A Stream consists of a background worker, and one or more output formats each with their own idle timeout managed by the stream component. When an output format is no longer in use, the stream component will expire it. When there are no active output formats, the background worker is shut down and access tokens are expired. Alternatively, a Stream can be configured with keepalive to always keep workers active. """ from __future__ import annotations import asyncio from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping import copy import logging import secrets import threading import time from types import MappingProxyType from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, cast import voluptuous as vol from yarl import URL from homeassistant.const import EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP from homeassistant.core import Event, HomeAssistant, callback from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError import homeassistant.helpers.config_validation as cv from homeassistant.helpers.typing import ConfigType from .const import ( ATTR_ENDPOINTS, ATTR_SETTINGS, ATTR_STREAMS, CONF_EXTRA_PART_WAIT_TIME, CONF_LL_HLS, CONF_PART_DURATION, CONF_RTSP_TRANSPORT, CONF_SEGMENT_DURATION, CONF_USE_WALLCLOCK_AS_TIMESTAMPS, DOMAIN, FORMAT_CONTENT_TYPE, HLS_PROVIDER, MAX_SEGMENTS, OUTPUT_FORMATS, OUTPUT_IDLE_TIMEOUT, RECORDER_PROVIDER, RTSP_TRANSPORTS, SEGMENT_DURATION_ADJUSTER, SOURCE_TIMEOUT, STREAM_RESTART_INCREMENT, STREAM_RESTART_RESET_TIME, ) from .core import ( PROVIDERS, STREAM_SETTINGS_NON_LL_HLS, IdleTimer, KeyFrameConverter, Orientation, StreamOutput, StreamSettings, ) from .diagnostics import Diagnostics from .hls import HlsStreamOutput, async_setup_hls if TYPE_CHECKING: from homeassistant.components.camera import DynamicStreamSettings __all__ = [ "ATTR_SETTINGS", "CONF_EXTRA_PART_WAIT_TIME", "CONF_RTSP_TRANSPORT", "CONF_USE_WALLCLOCK_AS_TIMESTAMPS", "DOMAIN", "FORMAT_CONTENT_TYPE", "HLS_PROVIDER", "OUTPUT_FORMATS", "RTSP_TRANSPORTS", "SOURCE_TIMEOUT", "Stream", "create_stream", "Orientation", ] _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) def redact_credentials(url: str) -> str: """Redact credentials from string data.""" yurl = URL(url) if yurl.user is not None: yurl = yurl.with_user("****") if yurl.password is not None: yurl = yurl.with_password("****") redacted_query_params = dict.fromkeys( {"auth", "user", "password"} & yurl.query.keys(), "****" ) return str(yurl.update_query(redacted_query_params)) def create_stream( hass: HomeAssistant, stream_source: str, options: Mapping[str, str | bool | float], dynamic_stream_settings: DynamicStreamSettings, stream_label: str | None = None, ) -> Stream: """Create a stream with the specified identifier based on the source url. The stream_source is typically an rtsp url (though any url accepted by ffmpeg is fine) and options (see STREAM_OPTIONS_SCHEMA) are converted and passed into pyav / ffmpeg. The stream_label is a string used as an additional message in logging. """ def convert_stream_options( hass: HomeAssistant, stream_options: Mapping[str, str | bool | float] ) -> tuple[dict[str, str], StreamSettings]: """Convert options from stream options into PyAV options and stream settings.""" stream_settings = copy.copy(hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_SETTINGS]) pyav_options: dict[str, str] = {} try: STREAM_OPTIONS_SCHEMA(stream_options) except vol.Invalid as exc: raise HomeAssistantError("Invalid stream options") from exc if extra_wait_time := stream_options.get(CONF_EXTRA_PART_WAIT_TIME): stream_settings.hls_part_timeout += extra_wait_time if rtsp_transport := stream_options.get(CONF_RTSP_TRANSPORT): assert isinstance(rtsp_transport, str) # The PyAV options currently match the stream CONF constants, but this # will not necessarily always be the case, so they are hard coded here pyav_options["rtsp_transport"] = rtsp_transport if stream_options.get(CONF_USE_WALLCLOCK_AS_TIMESTAMPS): pyav_options["use_wallclock_as_timestamps"] = "1" return pyav_options, stream_settings if DOMAIN not in hass.config.components: raise HomeAssistantError("Stream integration is not set up.") # Convert extra stream options into PyAV options and stream settings pyav_options, stream_settings = convert_stream_options(hass, options) # For RTSP streams, prefer TCP if isinstance(stream_source, str) and stream_source[:7] == "rtsp://": pyav_options = { "rtsp_flags": "prefer_tcp", "stimeout": "5000000", **pyav_options, } stream = Stream( hass, stream_source, pyav_options=pyav_options, stream_settings=stream_settings, dynamic_stream_settings=dynamic_stream_settings, stream_label=stream_label, ) hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_STREAMS].append(stream) return stream DOMAIN_SCHEMA = vol.Schema( { vol.Optional(CONF_LL_HLS, default=True): cv.boolean, vol.Optional(CONF_SEGMENT_DURATION, default=6): vol.All( cv.positive_float, vol.Range(min=2, max=10) ), vol.Optional(CONF_PART_DURATION, default=1): vol.All( cv.positive_float, vol.Range(min=0.2, max=1.5) ), } ) CONFIG_SCHEMA = vol.Schema( { DOMAIN: DOMAIN_SCHEMA, }, extra=vol.ALLOW_EXTRA, ) def filter_libav_logging() -> None: """Filter libav logging to only log when the stream logger is at DEBUG.""" def libav_filter(record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool: return logging.getLogger(__name__).isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) for logging_namespace in ( "libav.NULL", "libav.h264", "libav.hevc", "libav.hls", "libav.mp4", "libav.mpegts", "libav.rtsp", "libav.tcp", "libav.tls", ): logging.getLogger(logging_namespace).addFilter(libav_filter) # Set log level to error for libav.mp4 logging.getLogger("libav.mp4").setLevel(logging.ERROR) # Suppress "deprecated pixel format" WARNING logging.getLogger("libav.swscaler").setLevel(logging.ERROR) async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool: """Set up stream.""" # Drop libav log messages if stream logging is above DEBUG filter_libav_logging() # Keep import here so that we can import stream integration without installing reqs # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel from .recorder import async_setup_recorder hass.data[DOMAIN] = {} hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_ENDPOINTS] = {} hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_STREAMS] = [] conf = DOMAIN_SCHEMA(config.get(DOMAIN, {})) if conf[CONF_LL_HLS]: assert isinstance(conf[CONF_SEGMENT_DURATION], float) assert isinstance(conf[CONF_PART_DURATION], float) hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_SETTINGS] = StreamSettings( ll_hls=True, min_segment_duration=conf[CONF_SEGMENT_DURATION] - SEGMENT_DURATION_ADJUSTER, part_target_duration=conf[CONF_PART_DURATION], hls_advance_part_limit=max(int(3 / conf[CONF_PART_DURATION]), 3), hls_part_timeout=2 * conf[CONF_PART_DURATION], ) else: hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_SETTINGS] = STREAM_SETTINGS_NON_LL_HLS # Setup HLS hls_endpoint = async_setup_hls(hass) hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_ENDPOINTS][HLS_PROVIDER] = hls_endpoint # Setup Recorder async_setup_recorder(hass) async def shutdown(event: Event) -> None: """Stop all stream workers.""" for stream in hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_STREAMS]: stream.dynamic_stream_settings.preload_stream = False if awaitables := [ asyncio.create_task(stream.stop()) for stream in hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_STREAMS] ]: await asyncio.wait(awaitables) _LOGGER.debug("Stopped stream workers") hass.bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP, shutdown) return True class Stream: """Represents a single stream.""" def __init__( self, hass: HomeAssistant, source: str, pyav_options: dict[str, str], stream_settings: StreamSettings, dynamic_stream_settings: DynamicStreamSettings, stream_label: str | None = None, ) -> None: """Initialize a stream.""" self.hass = hass self.source = source self.pyav_options = pyav_options self._stream_settings = stream_settings self._stream_label = stream_label self.dynamic_stream_settings = dynamic_stream_settings self.access_token: str | None = None self._start_stop_lock = asyncio.Lock() self._thread: threading.Thread | None = None self._thread_quit = threading.Event() self._outputs: dict[str, StreamOutput] = {} self._fast_restart_once = False self._keyframe_converter = KeyFrameConverter( hass, stream_settings, dynamic_stream_settings ) self._available: bool = True self._update_callback: Callable[[], None] | None = None self._logger = ( logging.getLogger(f"{__package__}.stream.{stream_label}") if stream_label else _LOGGER ) self._diagnostics = Diagnostics() def endpoint_url(self, fmt: str) -> str: """Start the stream and returns a url for the output format.""" if fmt not in self._outputs: raise ValueError(f"Stream is not configured for format '{fmt}'") if not self.access_token: self.access_token = secrets.token_hex() endpoint_fmt: str = self.hass.data[DOMAIN][ATTR_ENDPOINTS][fmt] return endpoint_fmt.format(self.access_token) def outputs(self) -> Mapping[str, StreamOutput]: """Return a copy of the stream outputs.""" # A copy is returned so the caller can iterate through the outputs # without concern about self._outputs being modified from another thread. return MappingProxyType(self._outputs.copy()) def add_provider( self, fmt: str, timeout: int = OUTPUT_IDLE_TIMEOUT ) -> StreamOutput: """Add provider output stream.""" if not (provider := self._outputs.get(fmt)): async def idle_callback() -> None: if ( not self.dynamic_stream_settings.preload_stream or fmt == RECORDER_PROVIDER ) and fmt in self._outputs: await self.remove_provider(self._outputs[fmt]) self.check_idle() provider = PROVIDERS[fmt]( self.hass, IdleTimer(self.hass, timeout, idle_callback), self._stream_settings, self.dynamic_stream_settings, ) self._outputs[fmt] = provider return provider async def remove_provider(self, provider: StreamOutput) -> None: """Remove provider output stream.""" if provider.name in self._outputs: self._outputs[provider.name].cleanup() del self._outputs[provider.name] if not self._outputs: await self.stop() def check_idle(self) -> None: """Reset access token if all providers are idle.""" if all(p.idle for p in self._outputs.values()): self.access_token = None @property def available(self) -> bool: """Return False if the stream is started and known to be unavailable.""" return self._available def set_update_callback(self, update_callback: Callable[[], None]) -> None: """Set callback to run when state changes.""" self._update_callback = update_callback @callback def _async_update_state(self, available: bool) -> None: """Set state and Run callback to notify state has been updated.""" self._available = available if self._update_callback: self._update_callback() async def start(self) -> None: """Start a stream. Uses an asyncio.Lock to avoid conflicts with _stop(). """ async with self._start_stop_lock: if self._thread and self._thread.is_alive(): return if self._thread is not None: # The thread must have crashed/exited. Join to clean up the # previous thread. self._thread.join(timeout=0) self._thread_quit.clear() self._thread = threading.Thread( name="stream_worker", target=self._run_worker, ) self._thread.start() self._logger.debug( "Started stream: %s", redact_credentials(str(self.source)) ) def update_source(self, new_source: str) -> None: """Restart the stream with a new stream source.""" self._diagnostics.increment("update_source") self._logger.debug( "Updating stream source %s", redact_credentials(str(new_source)) ) self.source = new_source self._fast_restart_once = True self._thread_quit.set() def _run_worker(self) -> None: """Handle consuming streams and restart keepalive streams.""" # Keep import here so that we can import stream integration without installing reqs # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel from .worker import StreamState, StreamWorkerError, stream_worker stream_state = StreamState(self.hass, self.outputs, self._diagnostics) wait_timeout = 0 while not self._thread_quit.wait(timeout=wait_timeout): start_time = time.time() self.hass.add_job(self._async_update_state, True) self._diagnostics.set_value( "keepalive", self.dynamic_stream_settings.preload_stream ) self._diagnostics.set_value( "orientation", self.dynamic_stream_settings.orientation ) self._diagnostics.increment("start_worker") try: stream_worker( self.source, self.pyav_options, self._stream_settings, stream_state, self._keyframe_converter, self._thread_quit, ) except StreamWorkerError as err: self._diagnostics.increment("worker_error") self._logger.error("Error from stream worker: %s", str(err)) stream_state.discontinuity() if not _should_retry() or self._thread_quit.is_set(): if self._fast_restart_once: # The stream source is updated, restart without any delay and reset the retry # backoff for the new url. wait_timeout = 0 self._fast_restart_once = False self._thread_quit.clear() continue break self.hass.add_job(self._async_update_state, False) # To avoid excessive restarts, wait before restarting # As the required recovery time may be different for different setups, start # with trying a short wait_timeout and increase it on each reconnection attempt. # Reset the wait_timeout after the worker has been up for several minutes if time.time() - start_time > STREAM_RESTART_RESET_TIME: wait_timeout = 0 wait_timeout += STREAM_RESTART_INCREMENT self._diagnostics.set_value("retry_timeout", wait_timeout) self._logger.debug( "Restarting stream worker in %d seconds: %s", wait_timeout, redact_credentials(str(self.source)), ) async def worker_finished() -> None: # The worker is no checking availability of the stream and can no longer track # availability so mark it as available, otherwise the frontend may not be able to # interact with the stream. if not self.available: self._async_update_state(True) # We can call remove_provider() sequentially as the wrapped _stop() function # which blocks internally is only called when the last provider is removed. for provider in self.outputs().values(): await self.remove_provider(provider) self.hass.create_task(worker_finished()) async def stop(self) -> None: """Remove outputs and access token.""" self._outputs = {} self.access_token = None if not self.dynamic_stream_settings.preload_stream: await self._stop() async def _stop(self) -> None: """Stop worker thread. Uses an asyncio.Lock to avoid conflicts with start(). """ async with self._start_stop_lock: if self._thread is None: return self._thread_quit.set() await self.hass.async_add_executor_job(self._thread.join) self._thread = None self._logger.debug( "Stopped stream: %s", redact_credentials(str(self.source)) ) async def async_record( self, video_path: str, duration: int = 30, lookback: int = 5 ) -> None: """Make a .mp4 recording from a provided stream.""" # Keep import here so that we can import stream integration without installing reqs # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel from .recorder import RecorderOutput # Check for file access if not self.hass.config.is_allowed_path(video_path): raise HomeAssistantError(f"Can't write {video_path}, no access to path!") # Add recorder if recorder := self.outputs().get(RECORDER_PROVIDER): assert isinstance(recorder, RecorderOutput) raise HomeAssistantError( f"Stream already recording to {recorder.video_path}!" ) recorder = cast( RecorderOutput, self.add_provider(RECORDER_PROVIDER, timeout=duration) ) recorder.video_path = video_path await self.start() self._logger.debug("Started a stream recording of %s seconds", duration) # Take advantage of lookback hls: HlsStreamOutput = cast(HlsStreamOutput, self.outputs().get(HLS_PROVIDER)) if hls: num_segments = min(int(lookback / hls.target_duration) + 1, MAX_SEGMENTS) # Wait for latest segment, then add the lookback await hls.recv() recorder.prepend(list(hls.get_segments())[-num_segments - 1 : -1]) await recorder.async_record() async def async_get_image( self, width: int | None = None, height: int | None = None, ) -> bytes | None: """ Fetch an image from the Stream and return it as a jpeg in bytes. Calls async_get_image from KeyFrameConverter. async_get_image should only be called directly from the main loop and not from an executor thread as it uses hass.add_executor_job underneath the hood. """ self.add_provider(HLS_PROVIDER) await self.start() return await self._keyframe_converter.async_get_image( width=width, height=height ) def get_diagnostics(self) -> dict[str, Any]: """Return diagnostics information for the stream.""" return self._diagnostics.as_dict() def _should_retry() -> bool: """Return true if worker failures should be retried, for disabling during tests.""" return True STREAM_OPTIONS_SCHEMA: Final = vol.Schema( { vol.Optional(CONF_RTSP_TRANSPORT): vol.In(RTSP_TRANSPORTS), vol.Optional(CONF_USE_WALLCLOCK_AS_TIMESTAMPS): bool, vol.Optional(CONF_EXTRA_PART_WAIT_TIME): cv.positive_float, } )