core/homeassistant/components/recorder/core.py

"""Support for recording details."""
from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
from concurrent.futures import CancelledError
import contextlib
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import logging
import queue
import sqlite3
import threading
import time
from typing import Any, TypeVar, cast

import async_timeout
from awesomeversion import AwesomeVersion
from lru import LRU  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, event as sqlalchemy_event, exc, func, select
from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session, sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import Session

from homeassistant.components import persistent_notification
from homeassistant.const import (
    ATTR_ENTITY_ID,
    EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_FINAL_WRITE,
    EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP,
    EVENT_STATE_CHANGED,
    MATCH_ALL,
)
from homeassistant.core import CALLBACK_TYPE, Event, HomeAssistant, callback
from homeassistant.helpers.event import (
    async_track_time_change,
    async_track_time_interval,
    async_track_utc_time_change,
)
from homeassistant.helpers.json import JSON_ENCODE_EXCEPTIONS
from homeassistant.helpers.start import async_at_started
from homeassistant.helpers.typing import UNDEFINED, UndefinedType
import homeassistant.util.dt as dt_util

from . import migration, statistics
from .const import (
    DB_WORKER_PREFIX,
    DOMAIN,
    KEEPALIVE_TIME,
    MARIADB_PYMYSQL_URL_PREFIX,
    MARIADB_URL_PREFIX,
    MAX_QUEUE_BACKLOG,
    MYSQLDB_PYMYSQL_URL_PREFIX,
    MYSQLDB_URL_PREFIX,
    SQLITE_URL_PREFIX,
    SupportedDialect,
)
from .db_schema import (
    SCHEMA_VERSION,
    Base,
    EventData,
    Events,
    StateAttributes,
    States,
    Statistics,
    StatisticsRuns,
    StatisticsShortTerm,
)
from .executor import DBInterruptibleThreadPoolExecutor
from .models import (
    StatisticData,
    StatisticMetaData,
    UnsupportedDialect,
    process_timestamp,
)
from .pool import POOL_SIZE, MutexPool, RecorderPool
from .queries import find_shared_attributes_id, find_shared_data_id
from .run_history import RunHistory
from .tasks import (
    AdjustStatisticsTask,
    ChangeStatisticsUnitTask,
    ClearStatisticsTask,
    CommitTask,
    DatabaseLockTask,
    EventTask,
    ImportStatisticsTask,
    KeepAliveTask,
    PerodicCleanupTask,
    PurgeTask,
    RecorderTask,
    StatisticsTask,
    StopTask,
    SynchronizeTask,
    UpdateStatisticsMetadataTask,
    WaitTask,
)
from .util import (
    build_mysqldb_conv,
    dburl_to_path,
    end_incomplete_runs,
    is_second_sunday,
    move_away_broken_database,
    session_scope,
    setup_connection_for_dialect,
    validate_or_move_away_sqlite_database,
    write_lock_db_sqlite,
)

_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

T = TypeVar("T")

DEFAULT_URL = "sqlite:///{hass_config_path}"

# Controls how often we clean up
# States and Events objects
EXPIRE_AFTER_COMMITS = 120

# The number of attribute ids to cache in memory
#
# Based on:
# - The number of overlapping attributes
# - How frequently states with overlapping attributes will change
# - How much memory our low end hardware has
STATE_ATTRIBUTES_ID_CACHE_SIZE = 2048
EVENT_DATA_ID_CACHE_SIZE = 2048

SHUTDOWN_TASK = object()

COMMIT_TASK = CommitTask()
KEEP_ALIVE_TASK = KeepAliveTask()
WAIT_TASK = WaitTask()

DB_LOCK_TIMEOUT = 30
DB_LOCK_QUEUE_CHECK_TIMEOUT = 1


INVALIDATED_ERR = "Database connection invalidated"
CONNECTIVITY_ERR = "Error in database connectivity during commit"

# Pool size must accommodate Recorder thread + All db executors
MAX_DB_EXECUTOR_WORKERS = POOL_SIZE - 1


class Recorder(threading.Thread):
    """A threaded recorder class."""

    stop_requested: bool

    def __init__(
        self,
        hass: HomeAssistant,
        auto_purge: bool,
        auto_repack: bool,
        keep_days: int,
        commit_interval: int,
        uri: str,
        db_max_retries: int,
        db_retry_wait: int,
        entity_filter: Callable[[str], bool],
        exclude_t: list[str],
        exclude_attributes_by_domain: dict[str, set[str]],
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize the recorder."""
        threading.Thread.__init__(self, name="Recorder")

        self.hass = hass
        self.auto_purge = auto_purge
        self.auto_repack = auto_repack
        self.keep_days = keep_days
        self._hass_started: asyncio.Future[object] = asyncio.Future()
        self.commit_interval = commit_interval
        self._queue: queue.SimpleQueue[RecorderTask] = queue.SimpleQueue()
        self.db_url = uri
        self.db_max_retries = db_max_retries
        self.db_retry_wait = db_retry_wait
        self.engine_version: AwesomeVersion | None = None
        # Database connection is ready, but non-live migration may be in progress
        db_connected: asyncio.Future[bool] = hass.data[DOMAIN].db_connected
        self.async_db_connected: asyncio.Future[bool] = db_connected
        # Database is ready to use but live migration may be in progress
        self.async_db_ready: asyncio.Future[bool] = asyncio.Future()
        # Database is ready to use and all migration steps completed (used by tests)
        self.async_recorder_ready = asyncio.Event()
        self._queue_watch = threading.Event()
        self.engine: Engine | None = None
        self.run_history = RunHistory()

        self.entity_filter = entity_filter
        self.exclude_t = set(exclude_t)

        self.schema_version = 0
        self._commits_without_expire = 0
        self._old_states: dict[str, States] = {}
        self._state_attributes_ids: LRU = LRU(STATE_ATTRIBUTES_ID_CACHE_SIZE)
        self._event_data_ids: LRU = LRU(EVENT_DATA_ID_CACHE_SIZE)
        self._pending_state_attributes: dict[str, StateAttributes] = {}
        self._pending_event_data: dict[str, EventData] = {}
        self._pending_expunge: list[States] = []
        self.event_session: Session | None = None
        self._get_session: Callable[[], Session] | None = None
        self._completed_first_database_setup: bool | None = None
        self.async_migration_event = asyncio.Event()
        self.migration_in_progress = False
        self.migration_is_live = False
        self._database_lock_task: DatabaseLockTask | None = None
        self._db_executor: DBInterruptibleThreadPoolExecutor | None = None
        self._exclude_attributes_by_domain = exclude_attributes_by_domain

        self._event_listener: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self._queue_watcher: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self._keep_alive_listener: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self._commit_listener: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self._periodic_listener: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self._nightly_listener: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None
        self.enabled = True

    @property
    def backlog(self) -> int:
        """Return the number of items in the recorder backlog."""
        return self._queue.qsize()

    @property
    def dialect_name(self) -> SupportedDialect | None:
        """Return the dialect the recorder uses."""
        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
            return SupportedDialect(self.engine.dialect.name) if self.engine else None
        return None

    @property
    def _using_file_sqlite(self) -> bool:
        """Short version to check if we are using sqlite3 as a file."""
        return self.db_url != SQLITE_URL_PREFIX and self.db_url.startswith(
            SQLITE_URL_PREFIX
        )

    @property
    def recording(self) -> bool:
        """Return if the recorder is recording."""
        return self._event_listener is not None

    def get_session(self) -> Session:
        """Get a new sqlalchemy session."""
        if self._get_session is None:
            raise RuntimeError("The database connection has not been established")
        return self._get_session()

    def queue_task(self, task: RecorderTask) -> None:
        """Add a task to the recorder queue."""
        self._queue.put(task)

    def set_enable(self, enable: bool) -> None:
        """Enable or disable recording events and states."""
        self.enabled = enable

    @callback
    def async_start_executor(self) -> None:
        """Start the executor."""
        self._db_executor = DBInterruptibleThreadPoolExecutor(
            thread_name_prefix=DB_WORKER_PREFIX,
            max_workers=MAX_DB_EXECUTOR_WORKERS,
            shutdown_hook=self._shutdown_pool,
        )

    def _shutdown_pool(self) -> None:
        """Close the dbpool connections in the current thread."""
        if self.engine and hasattr(self.engine.pool, "shutdown"):
            self.engine.pool.shutdown()

    @callback
    def async_initialize(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the recorder."""
        self._event_listener = self.hass.bus.async_listen(
            MATCH_ALL,
            self.event_listener,
            run_immediately=True,
        )
        self._queue_watcher = async_track_time_interval(
            self.hass, self._async_check_queue, timedelta(minutes=10)
        )

    @callback
    def _async_keep_alive(self, now: datetime) -> None:
        """Queue a keep alive."""
        if self._event_listener:
            self.queue_task(KEEP_ALIVE_TASK)

    @callback
    def _async_commit(self, now: datetime) -> None:
        """Queue a commit."""
        if (
            self._event_listener
            and not self._database_lock_task
            and self._event_session_has_pending_writes()
        ):
            self.queue_task(COMMIT_TASK)

    @callback
    def async_add_executor_job(
        self, target: Callable[..., T], *args: Any
    ) -> asyncio.Future[T]:
        """Add an executor job from within the event loop."""
        return self.hass.loop.run_in_executor(self._db_executor, target, *args)

    def _stop_executor(self) -> None:
        """Stop the executor."""
        if self._db_executor is None:
            return
        self._db_executor.shutdown()
        self._db_executor = None

    @callback
    def _async_check_queue(self, *_: Any) -> None:
        """Periodic check of the queue size to ensure we do not exhaust memory.

        The queue grows during migration or if something really goes wrong.
        """
        size = self.backlog
        _LOGGER.debug("Recorder queue size is: %s", size)
        if size <= MAX_QUEUE_BACKLOG:
            return
        _LOGGER.error(
            (
                "The recorder backlog queue reached the maximum size of %s events; "
                "usually, the system is CPU bound, I/O bound, or the database "
                "is corrupt due to a disk problem; The recorder will stop "
                "recording events to avoid running out of memory"
            ),
            MAX_QUEUE_BACKLOG,
        )
        self._async_stop_queue_watcher_and_event_listener()

    @callback
    def _async_stop_queue_watcher_and_event_listener(self) -> None:
        """Stop watching the queue and listening for events."""
        if self._queue_watcher:
            self._queue_watcher()
            self._queue_watcher = None
        if self._event_listener:
            self._event_listener()
            self._event_listener = None

    @callback
    def _async_stop_listeners(self) -> None:
        """Stop listeners."""
        self._async_stop_queue_watcher_and_event_listener()
        if self._keep_alive_listener:
            self._keep_alive_listener()
            self._keep_alive_listener = None
        if self._commit_listener:
            self._commit_listener()
            self._commit_listener = None
        if self._nightly_listener:
            self._nightly_listener()
            self._nightly_listener = None
        if self._periodic_listener:
            self._periodic_listener()
            self._periodic_listener = None

    @callback
    def _async_event_filter(self, event: Event) -> bool:
        """Filter events."""
        if event.event_type in self.exclude_t:
            return False

        if (entity_id := event.data.get(ATTR_ENTITY_ID)) is None:
            return True

        if isinstance(entity_id, str):
            return self.entity_filter(entity_id)

        if isinstance(entity_id, list):
            for eid in entity_id:
                if self.entity_filter(eid):
                    return True
            return False

        # Unknown what it is.
        return True

    @callback
    def _async_empty_queue(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Empty the queue if its still present at final write."""

        # If the queue is full of events to be processed because
        # the database is so broken that every event results in a retry
        # we will never be able to get though the events to shutdown in time.
        #
        # We drain all the events in the queue and then insert
        # an empty one to ensure the next thing the recorder sees
        # is a request to shutdown.
        while True:
            try:
                self._queue.get_nowait()
            except queue.Empty:
                break
        self.queue_task(StopTask())

    async def _async_shutdown(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Shut down the Recorder."""
        if not self._hass_started.done():
            self._hass_started.set_result(SHUTDOWN_TASK)
        self.queue_task(StopTask())
        self._async_stop_listeners()
        await self.hass.async_add_executor_job(self.join)

    @callback
    def _async_hass_started(self, hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
        """Notify that hass has started."""
        self._hass_started.set_result(None)

    @callback
    def async_register(self) -> None:
        """Post connection initialize."""
        bus = self.hass.bus
        bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_FINAL_WRITE, self._async_empty_queue)
        bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP, self._async_shutdown)
        async_at_started(self.hass, self._async_hass_started)

    @callback
    def async_connection_failed(self) -> None:
        """Connect failed tasks."""
        self.async_db_connected.set_result(False)
        self.async_db_ready.set_result(False)
        persistent_notification.async_create(
            self.hass,
            "The recorder could not start, check [the logs](/config/logs)",
            "Recorder",
        )
        self._async_stop_listeners()

    @callback
    def async_connection_success(self) -> None:
        """Connect to the database succeeded, schema version and migration need known.

        The database may not yet be ready for use in case of a non-live migration.
        """
        self.async_db_connected.set_result(True)

    @callback
    def async_set_db_ready(self) -> None:
        """Database live and ready for use.

        Called after non-live migration steps are finished.
        """
        if self.async_db_ready.done():
            return
        self.async_db_ready.set_result(True)
        self.async_start_executor()

    @callback
    def _async_set_recorder_ready_migration_done(self) -> None:
        """Finish start and mark recorder ready.

        Called after all migration steps are finished.
        """
        self._async_setup_periodic_tasks()
        self.async_recorder_ready.set()

    @callback
    def async_nightly_tasks(self, now: datetime) -> None:
        """Trigger the purge."""
        if self.auto_purge:
            # Purge will schedule the periodic cleanups
            # after it completes to ensure it does not happen
            # until after the database is vacuumed
            repack = self.auto_repack and is_second_sunday(now)
            purge_before = dt_util.utcnow() - timedelta(days=self.keep_days)
            self.queue_task(PurgeTask(purge_before, repack=repack, apply_filter=False))
        else:
            self.queue_task(PerodicCleanupTask())

    @callback
    def async_periodic_statistics(self, now: datetime) -> None:
        """Trigger the statistics run.

        Short term statistics run every 5 minutes
        """
        start = statistics.get_start_time()
        self.queue_task(StatisticsTask(start, True))

    @callback
    def async_adjust_statistics(
        self,
        statistic_id: str,
        start_time: datetime,
        sum_adjustment: float,
        adjustment_unit: str,
    ) -> None:
        """Adjust statistics."""
        self.queue_task(
            AdjustStatisticsTask(
                statistic_id, start_time, sum_adjustment, adjustment_unit
            )
        )

    @callback
    def async_clear_statistics(self, statistic_ids: list[str]) -> None:
        """Clear statistics for a list of statistic_ids."""
        self.queue_task(ClearStatisticsTask(statistic_ids))

    @callback
    def async_update_statistics_metadata(
        self,
        statistic_id: str,
        *,
        new_statistic_id: str | UndefinedType = UNDEFINED,
        new_unit_of_measurement: str | None | UndefinedType = UNDEFINED,
    ) -> None:
        """Update statistics metadata for a statistic_id."""
        self.queue_task(
            UpdateStatisticsMetadataTask(
                statistic_id, new_statistic_id, new_unit_of_measurement
            )
        )

    @callback
    def async_change_statistics_unit(
        self,
        statistic_id: str,
        *,
        new_unit_of_measurement: str,
        old_unit_of_measurement: str,
    ) -> None:
        """Change statistics unit for a statistic_id."""
        self.queue_task(
            ChangeStatisticsUnitTask(
                statistic_id, new_unit_of_measurement, old_unit_of_measurement
            )
        )

    @callback
    def async_import_statistics(
        self,
        metadata: StatisticMetaData,
        stats: Iterable[StatisticData],
        table: type[Statistics | StatisticsShortTerm],
    ) -> None:
        """Schedule import of statistics."""
        self.queue_task(ImportStatisticsTask(metadata, stats, table))

    @callback
    def _async_setup_periodic_tasks(self) -> None:
        """Prepare periodic tasks."""
        if self.hass.is_stopping or not self._get_session:
            # Home Assistant is shutting down
            return

        # If the db is using a socket connection, we need to keep alive
        # to prevent errors from unexpected disconnects
        if self.dialect_name != SupportedDialect.SQLITE:
            self._keep_alive_listener = async_track_time_interval(
                self.hass, self._async_keep_alive, timedelta(seconds=KEEPALIVE_TIME)
            )

        # If the commit interval is not 0, we need to commit periodically
        if self.commit_interval:
            self._commit_listener = async_track_time_interval(
                self.hass, self._async_commit, timedelta(seconds=self.commit_interval)
            )

        # Run nightly tasks at 4:12am
        self._nightly_listener = async_track_time_change(
            self.hass, self.async_nightly_tasks, hour=4, minute=12, second=0
        )

        # Compile short term statistics every 5 minutes
        self._periodic_listener = async_track_utc_time_change(
            self.hass, self.async_periodic_statistics, minute=range(0, 60, 5), second=10
        )

    async def _async_wait_for_started(self) -> object | None:
        """Wait for the hass started future."""
        return await self._hass_started

    def _wait_startup_or_shutdown(self) -> object | None:
        """Wait for startup or shutdown before starting."""
        try:
            return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
                self._async_wait_for_started(), self.hass.loop
            ).result()
        except CancelledError as ex:
            _LOGGER.warning(
                "Recorder startup was externally canceled before it could complete: %s",
                ex,
            )
            return SHUTDOWN_TASK

    def run(self) -> None:
        """Start processing events to save."""
        setup_result = self._setup_recorder()

        if not setup_result:
            # Give up if we could not connect
            self.hass.add_job(self.async_connection_failed)
            return

        schema_status = migration.validate_db_schema(self.hass, self, self.get_session)
        if schema_status is None:
            # Give up if we could not validate the schema
            self.hass.add_job(self.async_connection_failed)
            return
        self.schema_version = schema_status.current_version

        if schema_status.valid:
            self._setup_run()
        else:
            self.migration_in_progress = True
            self.migration_is_live = migration.live_migration(schema_status)

        self.hass.add_job(self.async_connection_success)

        if self.migration_is_live or schema_status.valid:
            # If the migrate is live or the schema is valid, we need to
            # wait for startup to complete. If its not live, we need to continue
            # on.
            self.hass.add_job(self.async_set_db_ready)

            # We wait to start a live migration until startup has finished
            # since it can be cpu intensive and we do not want it to compete
            # with startup which is also cpu intensive
            if self._wait_startup_or_shutdown() is SHUTDOWN_TASK:
                # Shutdown happened before Home Assistant finished starting
                self.migration_in_progress = False
                # Make sure we cleanly close the run if
                # we restart before startup finishes
                self._shutdown()
                self.hass.add_job(self.async_set_db_ready)
                return

        if not schema_status.valid:
            if self._migrate_schema_and_setup_run(schema_status):
                self.schema_version = SCHEMA_VERSION
                if not self._event_listener:
                    # If the schema migration takes so long that the end
                    # queue watcher safety kicks in because MAX_QUEUE_BACKLOG
                    # is reached, we need to reinitialize the listener.
                    self.hass.add_job(self.async_initialize)
            else:
                persistent_notification.create(
                    self.hass,
                    (
                        "The database migration failed, check [the logs](/config/logs)."
                        "Database Migration Failed"
                    ),
                    "recorder_database_migration",
                )
                self.hass.add_job(self.async_set_db_ready)
                self._shutdown()
                return

        self.hass.add_job(self.async_set_db_ready)

        # Catch up with missed statistics
        with session_scope(session=self.get_session()) as session:
            self._schedule_compile_missing_statistics(session)

        _LOGGER.debug("Recorder processing the queue")
        self.hass.add_job(self._async_set_recorder_ready_migration_done)
        self._run_event_loop()

    def _run_event_loop(self) -> None:
        """Run the event loop for the recorder."""
        # Use a session for the event read loop
        # with a commit every time the event time
        # has changed. This reduces the disk io.
        self.stop_requested = False
        while not self.stop_requested:
            task = self._queue.get()
            _LOGGER.debug("Processing task: %s", task)
            try:
                self._process_one_task_or_recover(task)
            except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                _LOGGER.exception("Error while processing event %s: %s", task, err)

        self._shutdown()

    def _process_one_task_or_recover(self, task: RecorderTask) -> None:
        """Process an event, reconnect, or recover a malformed database."""
        try:
            # If its not an event, commit everything
            # that is pending before running the task
            if task.commit_before:
                self._commit_event_session_or_retry()
            return task.run(self)
        except exc.DatabaseError as err:
            if self._handle_database_error(err):
                return
            _LOGGER.exception(
                "Unhandled database error while processing task %s: %s", task, err
            )
        except SQLAlchemyError as err:
            _LOGGER.exception("SQLAlchemyError error processing task %s: %s", task, err)

        # Reset the session if an SQLAlchemyError (including DatabaseError)
        # happens to rollback and recover
        self._reopen_event_session()

    def _setup_recorder(self) -> bool:
        """Create a connection to the database."""
        tries = 1

        while tries <= self.db_max_retries:
            try:
                self._setup_connection()
                return migration.initialize_database(self.get_session)
            except UnsupportedDialect:
                break
            except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                _LOGGER.exception(
                    "Error during connection setup: %s (retrying in %s seconds)",
                    err,
                    self.db_retry_wait,
                )
            tries += 1
            time.sleep(self.db_retry_wait)

        return False

    @callback
    def _async_migration_started(self) -> None:
        """Set the migration started event."""
        self.async_migration_event.set()

    def _migrate_schema_and_setup_run(
        self, schema_status: migration.SchemaValidationStatus
    ) -> bool:
        """Migrate schema to the latest version."""
        persistent_notification.create(
            self.hass,
            (
                "System performance will temporarily degrade during the database"
                " upgrade. Do not power down or restart the system until the upgrade"
                " completes. Integrations that read the database, such as logbook and"
                " history, may return inconsistent results until the upgrade completes."
            ),
            "Database upgrade in progress",
            "recorder_database_migration",
        )
        self.hass.add_job(self._async_migration_started)

        try:
            migration.migrate_schema(
                self, self.hass, self.engine, self.get_session, schema_status
            )
        except exc.DatabaseError as err:
            if self._handle_database_error(err):
                return True
            _LOGGER.exception("Database error during schema migration")
            return False
        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            _LOGGER.exception("Error during schema migration")
            return False
        else:
            self._setup_run()
            return True
        finally:
            self.migration_in_progress = False
            persistent_notification.dismiss(self.hass, "recorder_database_migration")

    def _lock_database(self, task: DatabaseLockTask) -> None:
        @callback
        def _async_set_database_locked(task: DatabaseLockTask) -> None:
            task.database_locked.set()

        with write_lock_db_sqlite(self):
            # Notify that lock is being held, wait until database can be used again.
            self.hass.add_job(_async_set_database_locked, task)
            while not task.database_unlock.wait(timeout=DB_LOCK_QUEUE_CHECK_TIMEOUT):
                if self.backlog > MAX_QUEUE_BACKLOG * 0.9:
                    _LOGGER.warning(
                        "Database queue backlog reached more than 90% of maximum queue "
                        "length while waiting for backup to finish; recorder will now "
                        "resume writing to database. The backup can not be trusted and "
                        "must be restarted"
                    )
                    task.queue_overflow = True
                    break
        _LOGGER.info(
            "Database queue backlog reached %d entries during backup",
            self.backlog,
        )

    def _process_one_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
        if not self.enabled:
            return
        if event.event_type == EVENT_STATE_CHANGED:
            self._process_state_changed_event_into_session(event)
        else:
            self._process_non_state_changed_event_into_session(event)
        # Commit if the commit interval is zero
        if not self.commit_interval:
            self._commit_event_session_or_retry()

    def _find_shared_attr_in_db(self, attr_hash: int, shared_attrs: str) -> int | None:
        """Find shared attributes in the db from the hash and shared_attrs."""
        #
        # Avoid the event session being flushed since it will
        # commit all the pending events and states to the database.
        #
        # The lookup has already have checked to see if the data is cached
        # or going to be written in the next commit so there is no
        # need to flush before checking the database.
        #
        assert self.event_session is not None
        with self.event_session.no_autoflush:
            if attributes_id := self.event_session.execute(
                find_shared_attributes_id(attr_hash, shared_attrs)
            ).first():
                return cast(int, attributes_id[0])
        return None

    def _find_shared_data_in_db(self, data_hash: int, shared_data: str) -> int | None:
        """Find shared event data in the db from the hash and shared_attrs."""
        #
        # Avoid the event session being flushed since it will
        # commit all the pending events and states to the database.
        #
        # The lookup has already have checked to see if the data is cached
        # or going to be written in the next commit so there is no
        # need to flush before checking the database.
        #
        assert self.event_session is not None
        with self.event_session.no_autoflush:
            if data_id := self.event_session.execute(
                find_shared_data_id(data_hash, shared_data)
            ).first():
                return cast(int, data_id[0])
        return None

    def _process_non_state_changed_event_into_session(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Process any event into the session except state changed."""
        assert self.event_session is not None
        dbevent = Events.from_event(event)
        if not event.data:
            self.event_session.add(dbevent)
            return

        try:
            shared_data_bytes = EventData.shared_data_bytes_from_event(
                event, self.dialect_name
            )
        except JSON_ENCODE_EXCEPTIONS as ex:
            _LOGGER.warning("Event is not JSON serializable: %s: %s", event, ex)
            return

        shared_data = shared_data_bytes.decode("utf-8")
        # Matching attributes found in the pending commit
        if pending_event_data := self._pending_event_data.get(shared_data):
            dbevent.event_data_rel = pending_event_data
        # Matching attributes id found in the cache
        elif data_id := self._event_data_ids.get(shared_data):
            dbevent.data_id = data_id
        else:
            data_hash = EventData.hash_shared_data_bytes(shared_data_bytes)
            # Matching attributes found in the database
            if data_id := self._find_shared_data_in_db(data_hash, shared_data):
                self._event_data_ids[shared_data] = dbevent.data_id = data_id
            # No matching attributes found, save them in the DB
            else:
                dbevent_data = EventData(shared_data=shared_data, hash=data_hash)
                dbevent.event_data_rel = self._pending_event_data[
                    shared_data
                ] = dbevent_data
                self.event_session.add(dbevent_data)

        self.event_session.add(dbevent)

    def _process_state_changed_event_into_session(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Process a state_changed event into the session."""
        assert self.event_session is not None
        try:
            dbstate = States.from_event(event)
            shared_attrs_bytes = StateAttributes.shared_attrs_bytes_from_event(
                event, self._exclude_attributes_by_domain, self.dialect_name
            )
        except JSON_ENCODE_EXCEPTIONS as ex:
            _LOGGER.warning(
                "State is not JSON serializable: %s: %s",
                event.data.get("new_state"),
                ex,
            )
            return

        shared_attrs = shared_attrs_bytes.decode("utf-8")
        dbstate.attributes = None
        # Matching attributes found in the pending commit
        if pending_attributes := self._pending_state_attributes.get(shared_attrs):
            dbstate.state_attributes = pending_attributes
        # Matching attributes id found in the cache
        elif attributes_id := self._state_attributes_ids.get(shared_attrs):
            dbstate.attributes_id = attributes_id
        else:
            attr_hash = StateAttributes.hash_shared_attrs_bytes(shared_attrs_bytes)
            # Matching attributes found in the database
            if attributes_id := self._find_shared_attr_in_db(attr_hash, shared_attrs):
                dbstate.attributes_id = attributes_id
                self._state_attributes_ids[shared_attrs] = attributes_id
            # No matching attributes found, save them in the DB
            else:
                dbstate_attributes = StateAttributes(
                    shared_attrs=shared_attrs, hash=attr_hash
                )
                dbstate.state_attributes = dbstate_attributes
                self._pending_state_attributes[shared_attrs] = dbstate_attributes
                self.event_session.add(dbstate_attributes)

        if old_state := self._old_states.pop(dbstate.entity_id, None):
            if old_state.state_id:
                dbstate.old_state_id = old_state.state_id
            else:
                dbstate.old_state = old_state
        if event.data.get("new_state"):
            self._old_states[dbstate.entity_id] = dbstate
            self._pending_expunge.append(dbstate)
        else:
            dbstate.state = None
        self.event_session.add(dbstate)

    def _handle_database_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
        """Handle a database error that may result in moving away the corrupt db."""
        if isinstance(err.__cause__, sqlite3.DatabaseError):
            _LOGGER.exception(
                "Unrecoverable sqlite3 database corruption detected: %s", err
            )
            self._handle_sqlite_corruption()
            return True
        return False

    def _event_session_has_pending_writes(self) -> bool:
        return bool(
            self.event_session and (self.event_session.new or self.event_session.dirty)
        )

    def _commit_event_session_or_retry(self) -> None:
        """Commit the event session if there is work to do."""
        if not self._event_session_has_pending_writes():
            return
        tries = 1
        while tries <= self.db_max_retries:
            try:
                self._commit_event_session()
                return
            except (exc.InternalError, exc.OperationalError) as err:
                _LOGGER.error(
                    "%s: Error executing query: %s. (retrying in %s seconds)",
                    INVALIDATED_ERR if err.connection_invalidated else CONNECTIVITY_ERR,
                    err,
                    self.db_retry_wait,
                )
                if tries == self.db_max_retries:
                    raise

                tries += 1
                time.sleep(self.db_retry_wait)

    def _commit_event_session(self) -> None:
        assert self.event_session is not None
        self._commits_without_expire += 1

        self.event_session.commit()
        if self._pending_expunge:
            for dbstate in self._pending_expunge:
                # Expunge the state so its not expired
                # until we use it later for dbstate.old_state
                if dbstate in self.event_session:
                    self.event_session.expunge(dbstate)
            self._pending_expunge = []

        # We just committed the state attributes to the database
        # and we now know the attributes_ids.  We can save
        # many selects for matching attributes by loading them
        # into the LRU cache now.
        for state_attr in self._pending_state_attributes.values():
            self._state_attributes_ids[
                state_attr.shared_attrs
            ] = state_attr.attributes_id
        self._pending_state_attributes = {}
        for event_data in self._pending_event_data.values():
            self._event_data_ids[event_data.shared_data] = event_data.data_id
        self._pending_event_data = {}

        # Expire is an expensive operation (frequently more expensive
        # than the flush and commit itself) so we only
        # do it after EXPIRE_AFTER_COMMITS commits
        if self._commits_without_expire >= EXPIRE_AFTER_COMMITS:
            self._commits_without_expire = 0
            self.event_session.expire_all()

    def _handle_sqlite_corruption(self) -> None:
        """Handle the sqlite3 database being corrupt."""
        self._close_event_session()
        self._close_connection()
        move_away_broken_database(dburl_to_path(self.db_url))
        self.run_history.reset()
        self._setup_recorder()
        self._setup_run()

    def _close_event_session(self) -> None:
        """Close the event session."""
        self._old_states = {}
        self._state_attributes_ids = {}
        self._event_data_ids = {}
        self._pending_state_attributes = {}
        self._pending_event_data = {}

        if not self.event_session:
            return

        try:
            self.event_session.rollback()
            self.event_session.close()
        except SQLAlchemyError as err:
            _LOGGER.exception(
                "Error while rolling back and closing the event session: %s", err
            )

    def _reopen_event_session(self) -> None:
        """Rollback the event session and reopen it after a failure."""
        self._close_event_session()
        self._open_event_session()

    def _open_event_session(self) -> None:
        """Open the event session."""
        self.event_session = self.get_session()
        self.event_session.expire_on_commit = False

    def _post_schema_migration(self, old_version: int, new_version: int) -> None:
        """Run post schema migration tasks."""
        migration.post_schema_migration(
            self.engine, self.event_session, old_version, new_version
        )

    def _send_keep_alive(self) -> None:
        """Send a keep alive to keep the db connection open."""
        assert self.event_session is not None
        _LOGGER.debug("Sending keepalive")
        self.event_session.connection().scalar(select([1]))

    @callback
    def event_listener(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Listen for new events and put them in the process queue."""
        if self._async_event_filter(event):
            self.queue_task(EventTask(event))

    async def async_block_till_done(self) -> None:
        """Async version of block_till_done."""
        if self._queue.empty() and not self._event_session_has_pending_writes():
            return
        event = asyncio.Event()
        self.queue_task(SynchronizeTask(event))
        await event.wait()

    def block_till_done(self) -> None:
        """Block till all events processed.

        This is only called in tests.

        This only blocks until the queue is empty
        which does not mean the recorder is done.

        Call tests.common's wait_recording_done
        after calling this to ensure the data
        is in the database.
        """
        self._queue_watch.clear()
        self.queue_task(WAIT_TASK)
        self._queue_watch.wait()

    async def lock_database(self) -> bool:
        """Lock database so it can be backed up safely."""
        if self.dialect_name != SupportedDialect.SQLITE:
            _LOGGER.debug(
                "Not a SQLite database or not connected, locking not necessary"
            )
            return True

        if self._database_lock_task:
            _LOGGER.warning("Database already locked")
            return False

        database_locked = asyncio.Event()
        task = DatabaseLockTask(database_locked, threading.Event(), False)
        self.queue_task(task)
        try:
            async with async_timeout.timeout(DB_LOCK_TIMEOUT):
                await database_locked.wait()
        except asyncio.TimeoutError as err:
            task.database_unlock.set()
            raise TimeoutError(
                f"Could not lock database within {DB_LOCK_TIMEOUT} seconds."
            ) from err
        self._database_lock_task = task
        return True

    @callback
    def unlock_database(self) -> bool:
        """Unlock database.

        Returns true if database lock has been held throughout the process.
        """
        if self.dialect_name != SupportedDialect.SQLITE:
            _LOGGER.debug(
                "Not a SQLite database or not connected, unlocking not necessary"
            )
            return True

        if not self._database_lock_task:
            _LOGGER.warning("Database currently not locked")
            return False

        self._database_lock_task.database_unlock.set()
        success = not self._database_lock_task.queue_overflow

        self._database_lock_task = None

        return success

    def _setup_connection(self) -> None:
        """Ensure database is ready to fly."""
        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
        self._completed_first_database_setup = False

        def setup_recorder_connection(
            dbapi_connection: Any, connection_record: Any
        ) -> None:
            """Dbapi specific connection settings."""
            assert self.engine is not None
            if version := setup_connection_for_dialect(
                self,
                self.engine.dialect.name,
                dbapi_connection,
                not self._completed_first_database_setup,
            ):
                self.engine_version = version
            self._completed_first_database_setup = True

        if self.db_url == SQLITE_URL_PREFIX or ":memory:" in self.db_url:
            kwargs["connect_args"] = {"check_same_thread": False}
            kwargs["poolclass"] = MutexPool
            MutexPool.pool_lock = threading.RLock()
            kwargs["pool_reset_on_return"] = None
        elif self.db_url.startswith(SQLITE_URL_PREFIX):
            kwargs["poolclass"] = RecorderPool
        elif self.db_url.startswith(
            (
                MARIADB_URL_PREFIX,
                MARIADB_PYMYSQL_URL_PREFIX,
                MYSQLDB_URL_PREFIX,
                MYSQLDB_PYMYSQL_URL_PREFIX,
            )
        ):
            kwargs["connect_args"] = {"charset": "utf8mb4"}
            if self.db_url.startswith((MARIADB_URL_PREFIX, MYSQLDB_URL_PREFIX)):
                # If they have configured MySQLDB but don't have
                # the MySQLDB module installed this will throw
                # an ImportError which we suppress here since
                # sqlalchemy will give them a better error when
                # it tried to import it below.
                with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
                    kwargs["connect_args"]["conv"] = build_mysqldb_conv()

        # Disable extended logging for non SQLite databases
        if not self.db_url.startswith(SQLITE_URL_PREFIX):
            kwargs["echo"] = False

        if self._using_file_sqlite:
            validate_or_move_away_sqlite_database(self.db_url)

        self.engine = create_engine(self.db_url, **kwargs, future=True)

        sqlalchemy_event.listen(self.engine, "connect", setup_recorder_connection)

        Base.metadata.create_all(self.engine)
        self._get_session = scoped_session(sessionmaker(bind=self.engine, future=True))
        _LOGGER.debug("Connected to recorder database")

    def _close_connection(self) -> None:
        """Close the connection."""
        assert self.engine is not None
        self.engine.dispose()
        self.engine = None
        self._get_session = None

    def _setup_run(self) -> None:
        """Log the start of the current run and schedule any needed jobs."""
        with session_scope(session=self.get_session()) as session:
            end_incomplete_runs(session, self.run_history.recording_start)
            self.run_history.start(session)

        self._open_event_session()

    def _schedule_compile_missing_statistics(self, session: Session) -> None:
        """Add tasks for missing statistics runs."""
        now = dt_util.utcnow()
        last_period_minutes = now.minute - now.minute % 5
        last_period = now.replace(minute=last_period_minutes, second=0, microsecond=0)
        start = now - timedelta(days=self.keep_days)
        start = start.replace(minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)

        # Find the newest statistics run, if any
        if last_run := session.query(func.max(StatisticsRuns.start)).scalar():
            start = max(start, process_timestamp(last_run) + timedelta(minutes=5))

        # Add tasks
        while start < last_period:
            end = start + timedelta(minutes=5)
            _LOGGER.debug("Compiling missing statistics for %s-%s", start, end)
            self.queue_task(StatisticsTask(start, end >= last_period))
            start = end

    def _end_session(self) -> None:
        """End the recorder session."""
        if self.event_session is None:
            return
        try:
            self.run_history.end(self.event_session)
            self._commit_event_session_or_retry()
            self.event_session.close()
        except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            _LOGGER.exception("Error saving the event session during shutdown: %s", err)

        self.run_history.clear()

    def _shutdown(self) -> None:
        """Save end time for current run."""
        self.hass.add_job(self._async_stop_listeners)
        self._stop_executor()
        self._end_session()
        self._close_connection()