drupal/core/includes/ajax.inc

418 lines
19 KiB
PHP

<?php
/**
* @file
* Functions for use with Drupal's Ajax framework.
*/
/**
* @defgroup ajax Ajax framework
* @{
* Functions for Drupal's Ajax framework.
*
* Drupal's Ajax framework is used to dynamically update parts of a page's HTML
* based on data from the server. Upon a specified event, such as a button
* click, a callback function is triggered which performs server-side logic and
* may return updated markup, which is then replaced on-the-fly with no page
* refresh necessary.
*
* This framework creates a PHP macro language that allows the server to
* instruct JavaScript to perform actions on the client browser. When using
* forms, it can be used with the #ajax property.
* The #ajax property can be used to bind events to the Ajax framework. By
* default, #ajax uses 'system/ajax' as its path for submission and thus calls
* \Drupal\system\FormAjaxController::content() and a defined #ajax['callback']
* function. However, you may optionally specify a different path to request or
* a different callback function to invoke, which can return updated HTML or can
* also return a richer set of
* @link ajax_commands Ajax framework commands @endlink.
*
* Standard form handling is as follows:
* - A form element has a #ajax property that includes #ajax['callback'] and
* omits #ajax['path']. See below about using #ajax['path'] to implement
* advanced use-cases that require something other than standard form
* handling.
* - On the specified element, Ajax processing is triggered by a change to
* that element.
* - The browser submits an HTTP POST request to the 'system/ajax' Drupal
* path.
* - The controller for the route '/system/ajax',
* \Drupal\system\FormAjaxController::content(), calls drupal_process_form()
* to process the form submission and rebuild the form if necessary. The
* form is processed in much the same way as if it were submitted without
* Ajax, with the same #process functions and validation and submission
* handlers called in either case, making it easy to create Ajax-enabled
* forms that degrade gracefully when JavaScript is disabled.
* - After form processing is complete,
* \Drupal\system\FormAjaxController::content() calls the function named by
* #ajax['callback'], which returns the form element that has been updated
* and needs to be returned to the browser, or alternatively, an array of
* custom Ajax commands.
* - The array is serialized using
* \Drupal\Core\Ajax\AjaxResponse::ajaxRender() and sent to the browser.
* - The browser unserializes the returned JSON string into an array of
* command objects and executes each command, resulting in the old page
* content within and including the HTML element specified by
* #ajax['wrapper'] being replaced by the new content returned by
* #ajax['callback'], using a JavaScript animation effect specified by
* #ajax['effect'].
*
* A simple example of basic Ajax use from the
* @link http://drupal.org/project/examples Examples module @endlink follows:
* @code
* function main_page() {
* return \Drupal::formBuilder()->getForm('ajax_example_simplest');
* }
*
* function ajax_example_simplest($form, &$form_state) {
* $form = array();
* $form['changethis'] = array(
* '#type' => 'select',
* '#options' => array(
* 'one' => 'one',
* 'two' => 'two',
* 'three' => 'three',
* ),
* '#ajax' => array(
* 'callback' => 'ajax_example_simplest_callback',
* 'wrapper' => 'replace_textfield_div',
* ),
* );
*
* // This entire form element will be replaced with an updated value.
* $form['replace_textfield'] = array(
* '#type' => 'textfield',
* '#title' => t("The default value will be changed"),
* '#description' => t("Say something about why you chose") . "'" .
* (!empty($form_state['values']['changethis'])
* ? $form_state['values']['changethis'] : t("Not changed yet")) . "'",
* '#prefix' => '<div id="replace_textfield_div">',
* '#suffix' => '</div>',
* );
* return $form;
* }
*
* function ajax_example_simplest_callback($form, $form_state) {
* // The form has already been submitted and updated. We can return the replaced
* // item as it is.
* return $form['replace_textfield'];
* }
* @endcode
*
* In the above example, the 'changethis' element is Ajax-enabled. The default
* #ajax['event'] is 'change', so when the 'changethis' element changes,
* an Ajax call is made. The form is submitted and reprocessed, and then the
* callback is called. In this case, the form has been automatically
* built changing $form['replace_textfield']['#description'], so the callback
* just returns that part of the form.
*
* To implement Ajax handling in a form, add '#ajax' to the form
* definition of a field. That field will trigger an Ajax event when it is
* clicked (or changed, depending on the kind of field). #ajax supports
* the following parameters (either 'path' or 'callback' is required at least):
* - #ajax['callback']: The callback to invoke to handle the server side of the
* Ajax event, which will receive a $form and $form_state as arguments, and
* returns a renderable array (most often a form or form fragment), an HTML
* string, or an array of Ajax commands. If returning a renderable array or
* a string, the value will replace the original element named in
* #ajax['wrapper'], and
* theme_status_messages()
* will be prepended to that
* element. (If the status messages are not wanted, return an array
* of Ajax commands instead.)
* #ajax['wrapper']. If an array of Ajax commands is returned, it will be
* executed by the calling code.
* - #ajax['path']: The menu path to use for the request. This is often omitted
* and the default is used. This path should map
* to a controller that returns data using
* \Drupal\Core\Ajax\AjaxResponse::ajaxRender(). Defaults to 'system/ajax',
* which invokes \Drupal\system\FormAjaxController::content(), eventually
* calling the function named in #ajax['callback']. If you use a custom path,
* you must set up the menu entry and handle the entire callback in your own
* code.
* - #ajax['wrapper']: The CSS ID of the area to be replaced by the content
* returned by the #ajax['callback'] function. The content returned from
* the callback will replace the entire element named by #ajax['wrapper'].
* The wrapper is usually created using #prefix and #suffix properties in the
* form. Note that this is the wrapper ID, not a CSS selector. So to replace
* the element referred to by the CSS selector #some-selector on the page,
* use #ajax['wrapper'] = 'some-selector', not '#some-selector'.
* - #ajax['effect']: The jQuery effect to use when placing the new HTML.
* Defaults to no effect. Valid options are 'none', 'slide', or 'fade'.
* - #ajax['speed']: The effect speed to use. Defaults to 'slow'. May be
* 'slow', 'fast' or a number in milliseconds which represents the length
* of time the effect should run.
* - #ajax['event']: The JavaScript event to respond to. This is normally
* selected automatically for the type of form widget being used, and
* is only needed if you need to override the default behavior.
* - #ajax['prevent']: A JavaScript event to prevent when 'event' is triggered.
* Defaults to 'click' for #ajax on #type 'submit', 'button', and
* 'image_button'. Multiple events may be specified separated by spaces.
* For example, when binding #ajax behaviors to form buttons, pressing the
* ENTER key within a textfield triggers the 'click' event of the form's first
* submit button. Triggering Ajax in this situation leads to problems, like
* breaking autocomplete textfields. Because of that, Ajax behaviors are bound
* to the 'mousedown' event on form buttons by default. However, binding to
* 'mousedown' rather than 'click' means that it is possible to trigger a
* click by pressing the mouse, holding the mouse button down until the Ajax
* request is complete and the button is re-enabled, and then releasing the
* mouse button. For this case, 'prevent' can be set to 'click', so an
* additional event handler is bound to prevent such a click from triggering a
* non-Ajax form submission. This also prevents a textfield's ENTER press
* triggering a button's non-Ajax form submission behavior.
* - #ajax['method']: The jQuery method to use to place the new HTML.
* Defaults to 'replaceWith'. May be: 'replaceWith', 'append', 'prepend',
* 'before', 'after', or 'html'. See the
* @link http://api.jquery.com/category/manipulation/ jQuery manipulators documentation @endlink
* for more information on these methods.
* - #ajax['progress']: Choose either a throbber or progress bar that is
* displayed while awaiting a response from the callback, and add an optional
* message. Possible keys: 'type', 'message', 'url', 'interval'.
* More information is available in the
* @link forms_api_reference.html Form API Reference @endlink
*
* In addition to using Form API for doing in-form modification, Ajax may be
* enabled by adding classes to buttons and links. By adding the 'use-ajax'
* class to a link, the link will be loaded via an Ajax call. When using this
* method, the href of the link can contain '/nojs/' as part of the path. When
* the Ajax framework makes the request, it will convert this to '/ajax/'.
* The server is then able to easily tell if this request was made through an
* actual Ajax request or in a degraded state, and respond appropriately.
*
* Similarly, submit buttons can be given the class 'use-ajax-submit'. The
* form will then be submitted via Ajax to the path specified in the #action.
* Like the ajax-submit class above, this path will have '/nojs/' replaced with
* '/ajax/' so that the submit handler can tell if the form was submitted
* in a degraded state or not.
*
* As a developer you basically create a \Drupal\Core\Ajax\AjaxResponse and add
* a couple of \Drupal\Core\Ajax\CommandInterface onto it, which will be
* converted to a commands array automatically. This commands array will be
* converted to a JSON object and returned to the client, which will then
* iterate over the array and process it like a macro language.
*
* Each command item is an associative array which will be converted to a
* command object on the JavaScript side. $command_item['command'] is the type
* of command, e.g. 'alert' or 'replace', and will correspond to a method in the
* Drupal.ajax[command] space. The command array may contain any other data that
* the command needs to process, e.g. 'method', 'selector', 'settings', etc.
*
* Commands are usually created with a couple of helper functions, so they
* look like this:
* @code
* $commands = array();
* // Replace the content of '#object-1' on the page with 'some html here'.
* $commands[] = ajax_command_replace('#object-1', 'some html here');
* // Add a visual "changed" marker to the '#object-1' element.
* $commands[] = ajax_command_changed('#object-1');
* // #ajax['callback'] functions are supposed to return render arrays. If
* // returning an Ajax commands array, it must be encapsulated in a render
* // array structure.
* return array('#type' => 'ajax', '#commands' => $commands);
* @endcode
*
* When returning an Ajax command array, it is often useful to have
* status messages rendered along with other tasks in the command array.
* In that case the the Ajax commands array may be constructed like this:
* @code
* $commands = array();
* $commands[] = ajax_command_replace(NULL, $output);
* $status_messages = array('#theme' => 'status_messages');
* $commands[] = ajax_command_prepend(NULL, drupal_render($status_messages));
* return array('#type' => 'ajax', '#commands' => $commands);
* @endcode
*
* See @link ajax_commands Ajax framework commands @endlink
*/
/**
* Form element processing handler for the #ajax form property.
*
* @param $element
* An associative array containing the properties of the element.
*
* @return
* The processed element.
*
* @see ajax_pre_render_element()
*/
function ajax_process_form($element, &$form_state) {
$element = ajax_pre_render_element($element);
if (!empty($element['#ajax_processed'])) {
$form_state['cache'] = TRUE;
}
return $element;
}
/**
* Adds Ajax information about an element to communicate with JavaScript.
*
* If #ajax['path'] is set on an element, this additional JavaScript is added
* to the page header to attach the Ajax behaviors. See ajax.js for more
* information.
*
* @param $element
* An associative array containing the properties of the element.
* Properties used:
* - #ajax['event']
* - #ajax['prevent']
* - #ajax['path']
* - #ajax['options']
* - #ajax['wrapper']
* - #ajax['parameters']
* - #ajax['effect']
* - #ajax['accepts']
*
* @return
* The processed element with the necessary JavaScript attached to it.
*/
function ajax_pre_render_element($element) {
// Skip already processed elements.
if (isset($element['#ajax_processed'])) {
return $element;
}
// Initialize #ajax_processed, so we do not process this element again.
$element['#ajax_processed'] = FALSE;
// Nothing to do if there are no Ajax settings.
if (empty($element['#ajax'])) {
return $element;
}
// Add a reasonable default event handler if none was specified.
if (isset($element['#ajax']) && !isset($element['#ajax']['event'])) {
switch ($element['#type']) {
case 'submit':
case 'button':
case 'image_button':
// Pressing the ENTER key within a textfield triggers the click event of
// the form's first submit button. Triggering Ajax in this situation
// leads to problems, like breaking autocomplete textfields, so we bind
// to mousedown instead of click.
// @see http://drupal.org/node/216059
$element['#ajax']['event'] = 'mousedown';
// Retain keyboard accessibility by setting 'keypress'. This causes
// ajax.js to trigger 'event' when SPACE or ENTER are pressed while the
// button has focus.
$element['#ajax']['keypress'] = TRUE;
// Binding to mousedown rather than click means that it is possible to
// trigger a click by pressing the mouse, holding the mouse button down
// until the Ajax request is complete and the button is re-enabled, and
// then releasing the mouse button. Set 'prevent' so that ajax.js binds
// an additional handler to prevent such a click from triggering a
// non-Ajax form submission. This also prevents a textfield's ENTER
// press triggering this button's non-Ajax form submission behavior.
if (!isset($element['#ajax']['prevent'])) {
$element['#ajax']['prevent'] = 'click';
}
break;
case 'password':
case 'textfield':
case 'number':
case 'tel':
case 'textarea':
$element['#ajax']['event'] = 'blur';
break;
case 'radio':
case 'checkbox':
case 'select':
$element['#ajax']['event'] = 'change';
break;
case 'link':
$element['#ajax']['event'] = 'click';
break;
default:
return $element;
}
}
// Attach JavaScript settings to the element.
if (isset($element['#ajax']['event'])) {
$element['#attached']['library'][] = 'core/jquery.form';
$element['#attached']['library'][] = 'core/drupal.ajax';
$settings = $element['#ajax'];
// Assign default settings. When 'path' is set to NULL, ajax.js submits the
// Ajax request to the same URL as the form or link destination is for
// someone with JavaScript disabled. This is generally preferred as a way to
// ensure consistent server processing for js and no-js users, and Drupal's
// content negotiation takes care of formatting the response appropriately.
// However, 'path' and 'options' may be set when wanting server processing
// to be substantially different for a JavaScript triggered submission.
// One such substantial difference is form elements that use
// #ajax['callback'] for determining which part of the form needs
// re-rendering. For that, we have a special 'system/ajax' route.
$settings += array(
'path' => isset($settings['callback']) ? 'system/ajax' : NULL,
'options' => array(),
'accepts' => 'application/vnd.drupal-ajax'
);
// @todo Legacy support. Remove in Drupal 8.
if (isset($settings['method']) && $settings['method'] == 'replace') {
$settings['method'] = 'replaceWith';
}
// Change path to URL.
$settings['url'] = isset($settings['path']) ? url($settings['path'], $settings['options']) : NULL;
unset($settings['path'], $settings['options']);
// Add special data to $settings['submit'] so that when this element
// triggers an Ajax submission, Drupal's form processing can determine which
// element triggered it.
// @see _form_element_triggered_scripted_submission()
if (isset($settings['trigger_as'])) {
// An element can add a 'trigger_as' key within #ajax to make the element
// submit as though another one (for example, a non-button can use this
// to submit the form as though a button were clicked). When using this,
// the 'name' key is always required to identify the element to trigger
// as. The 'value' key is optional, and only needed when multiple elements
// share the same name, which is commonly the case for buttons.
$settings['submit']['_triggering_element_name'] = $settings['trigger_as']['name'];
if (isset($settings['trigger_as']['value'])) {
$settings['submit']['_triggering_element_value'] = $settings['trigger_as']['value'];
}
unset($settings['trigger_as']);
}
elseif (isset($element['#name'])) {
// Most of the time, elements can submit as themselves, in which case the
// 'trigger_as' key isn't needed, and the element's name is used.
$settings['submit']['_triggering_element_name'] = $element['#name'];
// If the element is a (non-image) button, its name may not identify it
// uniquely, in which case a match on value is also needed.
// @see _form_button_was_clicked()
if (!empty($element['#is_button']) && empty($element['#has_garbage_value'])) {
$settings['submit']['_triggering_element_value'] = $element['#value'];
}
}
// Convert a simple #ajax['progress'] string into an array.
if (isset($settings['progress']) && is_string($settings['progress'])) {
$settings['progress'] = array('type' => $settings['progress']);
}
// Change progress path to a full URL.
if (isset($settings['progress']['path'])) {
$settings['progress']['url'] = url($settings['progress']['path']);
unset($settings['progress']['path']);
}
$element['#attached']['js'][] = array(
'type' => 'setting',
'data' => array('ajax' => array($element['#id'] => $settings)),
);
// Indicate that Ajax processing was successful.
$element['#ajax_processed'] = TRUE;
}
return $element;
}
/**
* @} End of "defgroup ajax".
*/