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drupal/INSTALL.txt

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// $Id$
CONTENTS OF THIS FILE
---------------------
* Requirements
* Optional requirements
* Installation
* Drupal administration
* Customizing your theme(s)
* Multisite Configuration
* More Information
REQUIREMENTS
------------
Drupal requires a web server, PHP 5 (5.2.0 or greater) (http://www.php.net/) and
either MySQL (http://www.mysql.com/) or PostgreSQL (http://www.postgresql.org/).
The Apache web server and MySQL database are recommended; other web server and
database combinations such as IIS and PostgreSQL have been tested to a lesser
extent. When using MySQL, version 5.0 or greater is required.
For more detailed information about Drupal requirements, see "Requirements"
(http://drupal.org/requirements) in the Drupal handbook.
For detailed information on how to configure a test server environment using
a variety of operating systems and web servers, see "Local server setup"
(http://drupal.org/node/157602) in the Drupal handbook.
OPTIONAL TASKS
--------------
- To use XML-based services such as the Blogger API and RSS syndication,
you will need PHP's XML extension. This extension is enabled by default.
- To use Drupal's "Clean URLs" feature on an Apache web server, you will need
the mod_rewrite module and the ability to use local .htaccess files. For
Clean URLs support on IIS, see "Using Clean URLs with IIS"
(http://drupal.org/node/3854) in the Drupal handbook.
- Various Drupal features require that the web server process (for
example, httpd) be able to initiate outbound connections. This is usually
possible, but some hosting providers or server configurations forbid such
connections. The features that depend on this functionality include the
integrated "Update status" module (which downloads information about
available updates of Drupal core and any installed contributed modules and
themes), the ability to log in via OpenID, fetching aggregator feeds, or
other network-dependent services.
INSTALLATION
------------
1. DOWNLOAD DRUPAL AND OPTIONALLY A TRANSLATION
You can obtain the latest Drupal release from http://drupal.org/. The files
are in .tar.gz format and can be extracted using most compression tools. On a
typical Unix command line, use:
wget http://drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-x.x.tar.gz
tar -zxvf drupal-x.x.tar.gz
This will create a new directory drupal-x.x/ containing all Drupal files
and directories. Move the contents of that directory into a directory within
your web server's document root or your public HTML directory:
mv drupal-x.x/* drupal-x.x/.htaccess /var/www/html
If you would like to have the default English interface translated to a
different language, we have good news. You can install and use Drupal in
other languages from the start. Check whether a released package of the
language desired is available for this Drupal version at
http://drupal.org/project/translations and download the package. Extract
the contents to the same directory where you extracted Drupal into.
2. CREATE THE CONFIGURATION FILE AND GRANT WRITE PERMISSIONS
Drupal comes with a default.settings.php file in the sites/default
directory. The installer uses this file as a template to create your
settings file using the details you provide through the install process.
To avoid problems when upgrading, Drupal is not packaged with an actual
settings file. You must create a file named settings.php. You may do so
by making a copy of default.settings.php (or create an empty file with
this name in the same directory). For example, (from the installation
directory) make a copy of the default.settings.php file with the command:
cp sites/default/default.settings.php sites/default/settings.php
Next, give the web server write privileges to the sites/default/settings.php
file with the command (from the installation directory):
chmod o+w sites/default/settings.php
So that the files directory can be created automatically, give the web server
write privileges to the sites/default directory with the command (from the
installation directory):
chmod o+w sites/default
3. CREATE THE DRUPAL DATABASE
Drupal requires access to a database in order to be installed. Your database
user will need sufficient privileges to run Drupal. Additional information
about privileges, and instructions to create a database using the command
line are available in INSTALL.mysql.txt (for MySQL) or INSTALL.pgsql.txt
(for PostgreSQL).
To create a database using PHPMyAdmin or a web-based control panel consult
the documentation or ask your webhost service provider.
Take note of the username, password, database name and hostname as you
create the database. You will enter these items in the install script.
4. RUN THE INSTALL SCRIPT
To run the install script point your browser to the base URL of your website
(e.g., http://www.example.com).
You will be guided through several screens to set up the database,
create tables, add the first user account and provide basic web
site settings.
The install script will attempt to create a files storage directory
in the default location at sites/default/files (the location of the
files directory may be changed after Drupal is installed). In some
cases, you may need to create the directory and modify its permissions
manually. Use the following commands (from the installation directory)
to create the files directory and grant the web server write privileges to it:
mkdir sites/default/files
chmod o+w sites/default/files
The install script will attempt to write-protect the settings.php file and
the sites/default directory after saving your configuration. However, you
may need to manually write-protect them using the commands (from the
installation directory):
chmod a-w sites/default/settings.php
chmod a-w sites/default
If you make manual changes to the file later, be sure to protect it again
after making your modifications. Failure to remove write permissions to that
file is a security risk. Although the default location for the settings.php
file is at sites/default/settings.php, it may be in another location
if you use the multi-site setup, as explained below.
5. CONFIGURE DRUPAL
When the install script succeeds, you will be directed to the "Welcome"
page, and you will be logged in as the administrator already. Proceed with
the initial configuration steps suggested on the "Welcome" page.
If the default Drupal theme is not displaying properly and links on the page
result in "Page Not Found" errors, try manually setting the $base_url variable
in the settings.php file if not already set. It's currently known that servers
running FastCGI can run into problems if the $base_url variable is left
commented out (see http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=19656).
6. REVIEW FILE SYSTEM STORAGE SETTINGS AND FILE PERMISSIONS
The files directory created in step 4 is the default file system path used
to store all uploaded files, as well as some temporary files created by Drupal.
After installation, the settings for the file system path may be modified
to store uploaded files in a different location.
It is not necessary to modify this path, but you may wish to change it if:
* your site runs multiple Drupal installations from a single codebase
(modify the file system path of each installation to a different
directory so that uploads do not overlap between installations); or,
* your site runs a number of web server front-ends behind a load
balancer or reverse proxy (modify the file system path on each
server to point to a shared file repository).
To modify the file system path:
* Ensure that the new location for the path exists or create it if
necessary. To create a new directory named uploads, for example,
use the following command from a shell or system prompt (while in
the installation directory):
mkdir uploads
* Ensure that the new location for the path is writable by the web
server process. To grant write permissions for a directory named
uploads, you may need to use the following command from a shell
or system prompt (while in the installation directory):
chmod o+w uploads
* Access the file system path settings in Drupal by selecting these
menu items from the Navigation menu:
Administer > Site configuration > File system
Enter the path to the new location (e.g.: uploads) at the File
System Path prompt.
Changing the file system path after files have been uploaded may cause
unexpected problems on an existing site. If you modify the file system path
on an existing site, remember to copy all files from the original location
to the new location.
Some administrators suggest making the documentation files, especially
CHANGELOG.txt, non-readable so that the exact version of Drupal you are
running is slightly more difficult to determine. If you wish to implement
this optional security measure, use the following command from a shell or
system prompt (while in the installation directory):
chmod a-r CHANGELOG.txt
Note that the example only affects CHANGELOG.txt. To completely hide
all documentation files from public view, repeat this command for each of
the Drupal documentation files in the installation directory, substituting the
name of each file for CHANGELOG.txt in the example.
For more information on setting file permissions, see "Modifying Linux, Unix,
and Mac file permissions" (http://drupal.org/node/202483) or "Modifying
Windows file permissions" (http://drupal.org/node/202491) in the online
handbook.
7. CRON MAINTENANCE TASKS
Many Drupal modules have periodic tasks that must be triggered by a cron
maintenance task, including search module (to build and update the index
used for keyword searching), aggregator module (to retrieve feeds from other
sites), and system module (to perform routine maintenance and pruning on
system tables). To activate these tasks, visit the page "cron.php", which
executes maintenance tasks on behalf of installed modules. The URL of the
cron.php page requires a "cron key" to protect against unauthorized access.
Each cron key is automatically generated during installation and is specific
to your site. The full URL of the page, with cron key, is available in the
"Cron maintenance tasks" section of the "Status report page" at:
Administer > Reports > Status report
Most systems support using a crontab utility for automatically executing
tasks like visiting the cron.php page. The following example crontab line
uses wget to automatically visit the cron.php page each hour, on the hour:
0 * * * * wget -O - -q -t 1 http://www.example.com/cron.php?cron_key=RANDOMTEXT
Replace the text "http://www.example.com/cron.php?cron_key=RANDOMTEXT" in the
example with the full URL displayed under "Cron maintenance tasks" on the
"Status report" page.
More information about cron maintenance tasks are available in the help pages
and in Drupal's online handbook at http://drupal.org/cron. Example cron scripts
can be found in the scripts/ directory. (Note that these scripts must be
customized similar to the above example, to add your site-specific cron key
and domain name.)
DRUPAL ADMINISTRATION
---------------------
A new installation of Drupal defaults to a very basic configuration with only a
few active modules and minimal user access rights.
Use your administration panel to enable and configure services. For example:
General Settings Administer > Site configuration > Site information
Enable Modules Administer > Site building > Modules
Configure Themes Administer > Site building > Themes
Set User Permissions Administer > User management > Permissions
For more information on configuration options, read the instructions which
accompany the different configuration settings and consult the various help
pages available in the administration panel.
Community-contributed modules and themes are available at http://drupal.org/.
CUSTOMIZING YOUR THEME(S)
-------------------------
Now that your installation is running, you will want to customize the look of
your site. Several sample themes are included and more can be downloaded from
drupal.org.
Simple customization of your theme can be done using only CSS. Further changes
require understanding the phptemplate engine that is part of Drupal. See
http://drupal.org/handbook/customization to find out more.
MULTISITE CONFIGURATION
-----------------------
A single Drupal installation can host several Drupal-powered sites, each with
its own individual configuration.
Additional site configurations are created in subdirectories within the 'sites'
directory. Each subdirectory must have a 'settings.php' file which specifies the
configuration settings. The easiest way to create additional sites is to copy
the 'default' directory and modify the 'settings.php' file as appropriate. The
new directory name is constructed from the site's URL. The configuration for
www.example.com could be in 'sites/example.com/settings.php' (note that 'www.'
should be omitted if users can access your site at http://example.com/).
Sites do not have to have a different domain. You can also use subdomains and
subdirectories for Drupal sites. For example, example.com, sub.example.com,
and sub.example.com/site3 can all be defined as independent Drupal sites. The
setup for a configuration such as this would look like the following:
sites/default/settings.php
sites/example.com/settings.php
sites/sub.example.com/settings.php
sites/sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
When searching for a site configuration (for example www.sub.example.com/site3),
Drupal will search for configuration files in the following order, using the
first configuration it finds:
sites/www.sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
sites/sub.example.com.site3/settings.php
sites/example.com.site3/settings.php
sites/www.sub.example.com/settings.php
sites/sub.example.com/settings.php
sites/example.com/settings.php
sites/default/settings.php
If you are installing on a non-standard port, the port number is treated as the
deepest subdomain. For example: http://www.example.com:8080/ could be loaded
from sites/8080.www.example.com/. The port number will be removed according to
the pattern above if no port-specific configuration is found, just like a real
subdomain.
Each site configuration can have its own site-specific modules and themes in
addition to those installed in the standard 'modules' and 'themes' directories.
To use site-specific modules or themes, simply create a 'modules' or 'themes'
directory within the site configuration directory. For example, if
sub.example.com has a custom theme and a custom module that should not be
accessible to other sites, the setup would look like this:
sites/sub.example.com/:
settings.php
themes/custom_theme
modules/custom_module
NOTE: for more information about multiple virtual hosts or the configuration
settings, consult the Drupal handbook at drupal.org.
For more information on configuring Drupal's file system path in a multi-site
configuration, see step 6 above.
MORE INFORMATION
----------------
- For additional documentation, see the online Drupal handbook at
http://drupal.org/handbook.
- For a list of security announcements, see the "Security announcements" page
at http://drupal.org/security (available as an RSS feed). This page also
describes how to subscribe to these announcements via e-mail.
- For information about the Drupal security process, or to find out how to report
a potential security issue to the Drupal security team, see the "Security team"
page at http://drupal.org/security-team.
- For information about the wide range of available support options, see the
"Support" page at http://drupal.org/support.
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