direction.
*/
define('LANGUAGE_LTR', 0);
/**
* Language written right to left. Possible value of $language->direction.
*/
define('LANGUAGE_RTL', 1);
/**
* For convenience, define a short form of the request time global.
*
* REQUEST_TIME is a float with microseconds since PHP 5.4.0, but float
* timestamps confuses most of the PHP functions (including date_create()).
*/
define('REQUEST_TIME', (int) $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']);
/**
* Flag for drupal_set_title(); text is not sanitized, so run check_plain().
*/
define('CHECK_PLAIN', 0);
/**
* Flag for drupal_set_title(); text has already been sanitized.
*/
define('PASS_THROUGH', -1);
/**
* Signals that the registry lookup cache should be reset.
*/
define('REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE', 1);
/**
* Signals that the registry lookup cache should be written to storage.
*/
define('REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE', 2);
/**
* Regular expression to match PHP function names.
*
* @see http://php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php
*/
define('DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN', '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*');
/**
* Start the timer with the specified name. If you start and stop the same
* timer multiple times, the measured intervals will be accumulated.
*
* @param name
* The name of the timer.
*/
function timer_start($name) {
global $timers;
$timers[$name]['start'] = microtime(TRUE);
$timers[$name]['count'] = isset($timers[$name]['count']) ? ++$timers[$name]['count'] : 1;
}
/**
* Read the current timer value without stopping the timer.
*
* @param name
* The name of the timer.
* @return
* The current timer value in ms.
*/
function timer_read($name) {
global $timers;
if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) {
$stop = microtime(TRUE);
$diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2);
if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) {
$diff += $timers[$name]['time'];
}
return $diff;
}
return $timers[$name]['time'];
}
/**
* Stop the timer with the specified name.
*
* @param name
* The name of the timer.
* @return
* A timer array. The array contains the number of times the timer has been
* started and stopped (count) and the accumulated timer value in ms (time).
*/
function timer_stop($name) {
global $timers;
if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) {
$stop = microtime(TRUE);
$diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2);
if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) {
$timers[$name]['time'] += $diff;
}
else {
$timers[$name]['time'] = $diff;
}
unset($timers[$name]['start']);
}
return $timers[$name];
}
/**
* Finds the appropriate configuration directory.
*
* Finds a matching configuration directory by stripping the website's
* hostname from left to right and pathname from right to left. The first
* configuration file found will be used and the remaining ones will be ignored.
* If no configuration file is found, return a default value '$confdir/default'.
*
* With a site located at http://www.example.com:8080/mysite/test/, the file,
* settings.php, is searched for in the following directories:
*
* 1. $confdir/8080.www.example.com.mysite.test
* 2. $confdir/www.example.com.mysite.test
* 3. $confdir/example.com.mysite.test
* 4. $confdir/com.mysite.test
*
* 5. $confdir/8080.www.example.com.mysite
* 6. $confdir/www.example.com.mysite
* 7. $confdir/example.com.mysite
* 8. $confdir/com.mysite
*
* 9. $confdir/8080.www.example.com
* 10. $confdir/www.example.com
* 11. $confdir/example.com
* 12. $confdir/com
*
* 13. $confdir/default
*
* If a file named sites.php is present in the $confdir, it will be loaded
* prior to scanning for directories. It should define an associative array
* named $sites, which maps domains to directories. It should be in the form
* of:
* @code
* $sites = array(
* 'The url to alias' => 'A directory within the sites directory'
* );
* @endcode
* For example:
* @code
* $sites = array(
* 'devexample.com' => 'example.com',
* 'localhost.example' => 'example.com',
* );
* @endcode
* The above array will cause Drupal to look for a directory named
* "example.com" in the sites directory whenever a request comes from
* "example.com", "devexample.com", or "localhost/example". That is useful
* on development servers, where the domain name may not be the same as the
* domain of the live server. Since Drupal stores file paths into the database
* (files, system table, etc.) this will ensure the paths are correct while
* accessed on development servers.
*
* @param bool $require_settings
* Only configuration directories with an existing settings.php file
* will be recognized. Defaults to TRUE. During initial installation,
* this is set to FALSE so that Drupal can detect a matching directory,
* then create a new settings.php file in it.
* @param bool $reset
* Force a full search for matching directories even if one had been
* found previously. Defaults to FALSE.
*
* @return
* The path of the matching directory.
*/
function conf_path($require_settings = TRUE, $reset = FALSE) {
$conf = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, '');
if ($conf && !$reset) {
return $conf;
}
$confdir = 'sites';
$sites = array();
if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php')) {
// This will overwrite $sites with the desired mappings.
include(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php');
}
$uri = explode('/', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ? $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] : $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']);
$server = explode('.', implode('.', array_reverse(explode(':', rtrim($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], '.')))));
for ($i = count($uri) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) {
for ($j = count($server); $j > 0; $j--) {
$dir = implode('.', array_slice($server, -$j)) . implode('.', array_slice($uri, 0, $i));
if (isset($sites[$dir]) && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $sites[$dir])) {
$dir = $sites[$dir];
}
if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir . '/settings.php') || (!$require_settings && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir))) {
$conf = "$confdir/$dir";
return $conf;
}
}
}
$conf = "$confdir/default";
return $conf;
}
/**
* Set appropriate server variables needed for command line scripts to work.
*
* This function can be called by command line scripts before bootstrapping
* Drupal, to ensure that the page loads with the desired server parameters.
* This is because many parts of Drupal assume that they are running in a web
* browser and therefore use information from the global PHP $_SERVER variable
* that does not get set when Drupal is run from the command line.
*
* In many cases, the default way in which this function populates the $_SERVER
* variable is sufficient, and it can therefore be called without passing in
* any input. However, command line scripts running on a multisite installation
* (or on any installation that has settings.php stored somewhere other than
* the sites/default folder) need to pass in the URL of the site to allow
* Drupal to detect the correct location of the settings.php file. Passing in
* the 'url' parameter is also required for functions like request_uri() to
* return the expected values.
*
* Most other parameters do not need to be passed in, but may be necessary in
* some cases; for example, if Drupal's ip_address() function needs to return
* anything but the standard localhost value ('127.0.0.1'), the command line
* script should pass in the desired value via the 'REMOTE_ADDR' key.
*
* @param $variables
* (optional) An associative array of variables within $_SERVER that should
* be replaced. If the special element 'url' is provided in this array, it
* will be used to populate some of the server defaults; it should be set to
* the URL of the current page request, excluding any $_GET request but
* including the script name (e.g., http://www.example.com/mysite/index.php).
*
* @see conf_path()
* @see request_uri()
* @see ip_address()
*/
function drupal_override_server_variables($variables = array()) {
// Allow the provided URL to override any existing values in $_SERVER.
if (isset($variables['url'])) {
$url = parse_url($variables['url']);
if (isset($url['host'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $url['host'];
}
if (isset($url['path'])) {
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $url['path'];
}
unset($variables['url']);
}
// Define default values for $_SERVER keys. These will be used if $_SERVER
// does not already define them and no other values are passed in to this
// function.
$defaults = array(
'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost',
'SCRIPT_NAME' => NULL,
'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1',
'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
'SERVER_NAME' => NULL,
'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => NULL,
'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => NULL,
);
// Replace elements of the $_SERVER array, as appropriate.
$_SERVER = $variables + $_SERVER + $defaults;
}
/**
* Initialize PHP environment.
*/
function drupal_environment_initialize() {
if (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] = '';
}
if (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || ($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.0' && $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.1')) {
$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.0';
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) {
// As HTTP_HOST is user input, ensure it only contains characters allowed
// in hostnames. See RFC 952 (and RFC 2181).
// $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] is lowercased here per specifications.
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']);
if (!drupal_valid_http_host($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) {
// HTTP_HOST is invalid, e.g. if containing slashes it may be an attack.
header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 400 Bad Request');
exit;
}
}
else {
// Some pre-HTTP/1.1 clients will not send a Host header. Ensure the key is
// defined for E_ALL compliance.
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = '';
}
// When clean URLs are enabled, emulate ?q=foo/bar using REQUEST_URI. It is
// not possible to append the query string using mod_rewrite without the B
// flag (this was added in Apache 2.2.8), because mod_rewrite unescapes the
// path before passing it on to PHP. This is a problem when the path contains
// e.g. "&" or "%" that have special meanings in URLs and must be encoded.
$_GET['q'] = request_path();
// Enforce E_ALL, but allow users to set levels not part of E_ALL.
error_reporting(E_ALL | error_reporting());
// Override PHP settings required for Drupal to work properly.
// sites/default/default.settings.php contains more runtime settings.
// The .htaccess file contains settings that cannot be changed at runtime.
// Don't escape quotes when reading files from the database, disk, etc.
ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', '0');
// Use session cookies, not transparent sessions that puts the session id in
// the query string.
ini_set('session.use_cookies', '1');
ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', '1');
ini_set('session.use_trans_sid', '0');
// Don't send HTTP headers using PHP's session handler.
ini_set('session.cache_limiter', 'none');
// Use httponly session cookies.
ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', '1');
// Set sane locale settings, to ensure consistent string, dates, times and
// numbers handling.
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'C');
}
/**
* Validate that a hostname (for example $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) is safe.
*
* @return
* TRUE if only containing valid characters, or FALSE otherwise.
*/
function drupal_valid_http_host($host) {
return preg_match('/^\[?(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-:\]_]+\.?)+$/', $host);
}
/**
* Loads the configuration and sets the base URL, cookie domain, and
* session name correctly.
*/
function drupal_settings_initialize() {
global $base_url, $base_path, $base_root;
// Export the following settings.php variables to the global namespace
global $databases, $cookie_domain, $conf, $installed_profile, $update_free_access, $db_url, $db_prefix, $drupal_hash_salt, $is_https, $base_secure_url, $base_insecure_url;
$conf = array();
if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php')) {
include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php';
}
$is_https = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) == 'on';
if (isset($base_url)) {
// Parse fixed base URL from settings.php.
$parts = parse_url($base_url);
$http_protocol = $parts['scheme'];
if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
$parts['path'] = '';
}
$base_path = $parts['path'] . '/';
// Build $base_root (everything until first slash after "scheme://").
$base_root = substr($base_url, 0, strlen($base_url) - strlen($parts['path']));
}
else {
// Create base URL
$http_protocol = $is_https ? 'https' : 'http';
$base_root = $http_protocol . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$base_url = $base_root;
// $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] can, in contrast to $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], not
// be modified by a visitor.
if ($dir = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')) {
$base_path = $dir;
$base_url .= $base_path;
$base_path .= '/';
}
else {
$base_path = '/';
}
}
$base_secure_url = str_replace('http://', 'https://', $base_url);
$base_insecure_url = str_replace('https://', 'http://', $base_url);
if ($cookie_domain) {
// If the user specifies the cookie domain, also use it for session name.
$session_name = $cookie_domain;
}
else {
// Otherwise use $base_url as session name, without the protocol
// to use the same session identifiers across http and https.
list( , $session_name) = explode('://', $base_url, 2);
// HTTP_HOST can be modified by a visitor, but we already sanitized it
// in drupal_settings_initialize().
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) {
$cookie_domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
// Strip leading periods, www., and port numbers from cookie domain.
$cookie_domain = ltrim($cookie_domain, '.');
if (strpos($cookie_domain, 'www.') === 0) {
$cookie_domain = substr($cookie_domain, 4);
}
$cookie_domain = explode(':', $cookie_domain);
$cookie_domain = '.' . $cookie_domain[0];
}
}
// Per RFC 2109, cookie domains must contain at least one dot other than the
// first. For hosts such as 'localhost' or IP Addresses we don't set a cookie domain.
if (count(explode('.', $cookie_domain)) > 2 && !is_numeric(str_replace('.', '', $cookie_domain))) {
ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $cookie_domain);
}
// To prevent session cookies from being hijacked, a user can configure the
// SSL version of their website to only transfer session cookies via SSL by
// using PHP's session.cookie_secure setting. The browser will then use two
// separate session cookies for the HTTPS and HTTP versions of the site. So we
// must use different session identifiers for HTTPS and HTTP to prevent a
// cookie collision.
if ($is_https) {
ini_set('session.cookie_secure', TRUE);
}
$prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS';
session_name($prefix . substr(hash('sha256', $session_name), 0, 32));
}
/**
* Returns and optionally sets the filename for a system item (module,
* theme, etc.). The filename, whether provided, cached, or retrieved
* from the database, is only returned if the file exists.
*
* This function plays a key role in allowing Drupal's resources (modules
* and themes) to be located in different places depending on a site's
* configuration. For example, a module 'foo' may legally be be located
* in any of these three places:
*
* modules/foo/foo.module
* sites/all/modules/foo/foo.module
* sites/example.com/modules/foo/foo.module
*
* Calling drupal_get_filename('module', 'foo') will give you one of
* the above, depending on where the module is located.
*
* @param $type
* The type of the item (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module, profile).
* @param $name
* The name of the item for which the filename is requested.
* @param $filename
* The filename of the item if it is to be set explicitly rather
* than by consulting the database.
*
* @return
* The filename of the requested item.
*/
function drupal_get_filename($type, $name, $filename = NULL) {
// The location of files will not change during the request, so do not use
// drupal_static().
static $files = array();
if (!isset($files[$type])) {
$files[$type] = array();
}
if (!empty($filename) && file_exists($filename)) {
$files[$type][$name] = $filename;
}
elseif (isset($files[$type][$name])) {
// nothing
}
// Verify that we have an active database connection, before querying
// the database. This is required because this function is called both
// before we have a database connection (i.e. during installation) and
// when a database connection fails.
else {
try {
if (function_exists('db_query')) {
$file = db_query("SELECT filename FROM {system} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array(':name' => $name, ':type' => $type))->fetchField();
if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file)) {
$files[$type][$name] = $file;
}
}
}
catch (Exception $e) {
// The database table may not exist because Drupal is not yet installed,
// or the database might be down. We have a fallback for this case so we
// hide the error completely.
}
// Fallback to searching the filesystem if the database could not find the
// file or the file returned by the database is not found.
if (!isset($files[$type][$name])) {
// We have a consistent directory naming: modules, themes...
$dir = $type . 's';
if ($type == 'theme_engine') {
$dir = 'themes/engines';
$extension = 'engine';
}
elseif ($type == 'theme') {
$extension = 'info';
}
else {
$extension = $type;
}
if (!function_exists('drupal_system_listing')) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc';
}
// Scan the appropriate directories for all files with the requested
// extension, not just the file we are currently looking for. This
// prevents unnecessary scans from being repeated when this function is
// called more than once in the same page request.
$matches = drupal_system_listing("/^" . DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN . "\.$extension$/", $dir, 'name', 0);
foreach ($matches as $matched_name => $file) {
$files[$type][$matched_name] = $file->uri;
}
}
}
if (isset($files[$type][$name])) {
return $files[$type][$name];
}
}
/**
* Load the persistent variable table.
*
* The variable table is composed of values that have been saved in the table
* with variable_set() as well as those explicitly specified in the configuration
* file.
*/
function variable_initialize($conf = array()) {
// NOTE: caching the variables improves performance by 20% when serving
// cached pages.
if ($cached = cache_get('variables', 'cache_bootstrap')) {
$variables = $cached->data;
}
else {
// Cache miss. Avoid a stampede.
$name = 'variable_init';
if (!lock_acquire($name, 1)) {
// Another request is building the variable cache.
// Wait, then re-run this function.
lock_wait($name);
return variable_initialize($conf);
}
else {
// Proceed with variable rebuild.
$variables = array_map('unserialize', db_query('SELECT name, value FROM {variable}')->fetchAllKeyed());
cache_set('variables', $variables, 'cache_bootstrap');
lock_release($name);
}
}
foreach ($conf as $name => $value) {
$variables[$name] = $value;
}
return $variables;
}
/**
* Returns a persistent variable.
*
* Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database
* collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent
* variable names.
*
* @param $name
* The name of the variable to return.
* @param $default
* The default value to use if this variable has never been set.
*
* @return
* The value of the variable.
*
* @see variable_del()
* @see variable_set()
*/
function variable_get($name, $default = NULL) {
global $conf;
return isset($conf[$name]) ? $conf[$name] : $default;
}
/**
* Sets a persistent variable.
*
* Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database
* collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent
* variable names.
*
* @param $name
* The name of the variable to set.
* @param $value
* The value to set. This can be any PHP data type; these functions take care
* of serialization as necessary.
*
* @see variable_del()
* @see variable_get()
*/
function variable_set($name, $value) {
global $conf;
db_merge('variable')->key(array('name' => $name))->fields(array('value' => serialize($value)))->execute();
cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap');
$conf[$name] = $value;
}
/**
* Unsets a persistent variable.
*
* Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database
* collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent
* variable names.
*
* @param $name
* The name of the variable to undefine.
*
* @see variable_get()
* @see variable_set()
*/
function variable_del($name) {
global $conf;
db_delete('variable')
->condition('name', $name)
->execute();
cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap');
unset($conf[$name]);
}
/**
* Retrieve the current page from the cache.
*
* Note: we do not serve cached pages to authenticated users, or to anonymous
* users when $_SESSION is non-empty. $_SESSION may contain status messages
* from a form submission, the contents of a shopping cart, or other user-
* specific content that should not be cached and displayed to other users.
*
* @param $check_only
* (optional) Set to TRUE to only return whether a previous call found a
* cache entry.
*
* @return
* The cache object, if the page was found in the cache, NULL otherwise.
*/
function drupal_page_get_cache($check_only = FALSE) {
global $base_root;
static $cache_hit = FALSE;
if ($check_only) {
return $cache_hit;
}
if (drupal_page_is_cacheable()) {
$cache = cache_get($base_root . request_uri(), 'cache_page');
if ($cache !== FALSE) {
$cache_hit = TRUE;
}
return $cache;
}
}
/**
* Determine the cacheability of the current page.
*
* @param $allow_caching
* Set to FALSE if you want to prevent this page to get cached.
*
* @return
* TRUE if the current page can be cached, FALSE otherwise.
*/
function drupal_page_is_cacheable($allow_caching = NULL) {
$allow_caching_static = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, TRUE);
if (isset($allow_caching)) {
$allow_caching_static = $allow_caching;
}
return $allow_caching_static && ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET' || $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD')
&& !drupal_is_cli();
}
/**
* Invoke a bootstrap hook in all bootstrap modules that implement it.
*
* @param $hook
* The name of the bootstrap hook to invoke.
*
* @see bootstrap_hooks()
*/
function bootstrap_invoke_all($hook) {
// Bootstrap modules should have been loaded when this function is called, so
// we don't need to tell module_list() to reset its internal list (and we
// therefore leave the first parameter at its default value of FALSE). We
// still pass in TRUE for the second parameter, though; in case this is the
// first time during the bootstrap that module_list() is called, we want to
// make sure that its internal cache is primed with the bootstrap modules
// only.
foreach (module_list(FALSE, TRUE) as $module) {
drupal_load('module', $module);
module_invoke($module, $hook);
}
}
/**
* Includes a file with the provided type and name. This prevents
* including a theme, engine, module, etc., more than once.
*
* @param $type
* The type of item to load (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module).
* @param $name
* The name of the item to load.
*
* @return
* TRUE if the item is loaded or has already been loaded.
*/
function drupal_load($type, $name) {
// Once a file is included this can't be reversed during a request so do not
// use drupal_static() here.
static $files = array();
if (isset($files[$type][$name])) {
return TRUE;
}
$filename = drupal_get_filename($type, $name);
if ($filename) {
include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $filename;
$files[$type][$name] = TRUE;
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
/**
* Set an HTTP response header for the current page.
*
* Note: When sending a Content-Type header, always include a 'charset' type,
* too. This is necessary to avoid security bugs (e.g. UTF-7 XSS).
*
* @param $name
* The HTTP header name, or the special 'Status' header name.
* @param $value
* The HTTP header value; if equal to FALSE, the specified header is unset.
* If $name is 'Status', this is expected to be a status code followed by a
* reason phrase, e.g. "404 Not Found".
* @param $append
* Whether to append the value to an existing header or to replace it.
*/
function drupal_add_http_header($name, $value, $append = FALSE) {
// The headers as name/value pairs.
$headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array());
$name_lower = strtolower($name);
_drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name);
if ($value === FALSE) {
$headers[$name_lower] = FALSE;
}
elseif (isset($headers[$name_lower]) && $append) {
// Multiple headers with identical names may be combined using comma (RFC
// 2616, section 4.2).
$headers[$name_lower] .= ',' . $value;
}
else {
$headers[$name_lower] = $value;
}
drupal_send_headers(array($name => $headers[$name_lower]), TRUE);
}
/**
* Get the HTTP response headers for the current page.
*
* @param $name
* An HTTP header name. If omitted, all headers are returned as name/value
* pairs. If an array value is FALSE, the header has been unset.
* @return
* A string containing the header value, or FALSE if the header has been set,
* or NULL if the header has not been set.
*/
function drupal_get_http_header($name = NULL) {
$headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array());
if (isset($name)) {
$name = strtolower($name);
return isset($headers[$name]) ? $headers[$name] : NULL;
}
else {
return $headers;
}
}
/**
* Header names are case-insensitive, but for maximum compatibility they should
* follow "common form" (see RFC 2617, section 4.2).
*/
function _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name = NULL) {
static $header_names = array();
if (!isset($name)) {
return $header_names;
}
$header_names[strtolower($name)] = $name;
}
/**
* Send the HTTP response headers previously set using drupal_add_http_header().
* Add default headers, unless they have been replaced or unset using
* drupal_add_http_header().
*
* @param $default_headers
* An array of headers as name/value pairs.
* @param $single
* If TRUE and headers have already be sent, send only the specified header.
*/
function drupal_send_headers($default_headers = array(), $only_default = FALSE) {
$headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE);
$headers = drupal_get_http_header();
if ($only_default && $headers_sent) {
$headers = array();
}
$headers_sent = TRUE;
$header_names = _drupal_set_preferred_header_name();
foreach ($default_headers as $name => $value) {
$name_lower = strtolower($name);
if (!isset($headers[$name_lower])) {
$headers[$name_lower] = $value;
$header_names[$name_lower] = $name;
}
}
foreach ($headers as $name_lower => $value) {
if ($name_lower == 'status') {
header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' ' . $value);
}
// Skip headers that have been unset.
elseif ($value) {
header($header_names[$name_lower] . ': ' . $value);
}
}
}
/**
* Set HTTP headers in preparation for a page response.
*
* Authenticated users are always given a 'no-cache' header, and will fetch a
* fresh page on every request. This prevents authenticated users from seeing
* locally cached pages.
*
* Also give each page a unique ETag. This will force clients to include both
* an If-Modified-Since header and an If-None-Match header when doing
* conditional requests for the page (required by RFC 2616, section 13.3.4),
* making the validation more robust. This is a workaround for a bug in Mozilla
* Firefox that is triggered when Drupal's caching is enabled and the user
* accesses Drupal via an HTTP proxy (see
* https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=269303): When an authenticated
* user requests a page, and then logs out and requests the same page again,
* Firefox may send a conditional request based on the page that was cached
* locally when the user was logged in. If this page did not have an ETag
* header, the request only contains an If-Modified-Since header. The date will
* be recent, because with authenticated users the Last-Modified header always
* refers to the time of the request. If the user accesses Drupal via a proxy
* server, and the proxy already has a cached copy of the anonymous page with an
* older Last-Modified date, the proxy may respond with 304 Not Modified, making
* the client think that the anonymous and authenticated pageviews are
* identical.
*
* @see drupal_page_set_cache()
*/
function drupal_page_header() {
$headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE);
if ($headers_sent) {
return TRUE;
}
$headers_sent = TRUE;
$default_headers = array(
'Expires' => 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT',
'Last-Modified' => gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, REQUEST_TIME),
'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0',
'ETag' => '"' . REQUEST_TIME . '"',
);
drupal_send_headers($default_headers);
}
/**
* Set HTTP headers in preparation for a cached page response.
*
* The headers allow as much as possible in proxies and browsers without any
* particular knowledge about the pages. Modules can override these headers
* using drupal_add_http_header().
*
* If the request is conditional (using If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match),
* and the conditions match those currently in the cache, a 304 Not Modified
* response is sent.
*/
function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) {
// Negotiate whether to use compression.
$page_compression = variable_get('page_compression', TRUE) && extension_loaded('zlib');
$return_compressed = $page_compression && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE;
// Get headers set in hook_boot(). Keys are lower-case.
$hook_boot_headers = drupal_get_http_header();
// Headers generated in this function, that may be replaced or unset using
// drupal_add_http_headers(). Keys are mixed-case.
$default_headers = array();
foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) {
// In the case of a 304 response, certain headers must be sent, and the
// remaining may not (see RFC 2616, section 10.3.5). Do not override
// headers set in hook_boot().
$name_lower = strtolower($name);
if (in_array($name_lower, array('content-location', 'expires', 'cache-control', 'vary')) && !isset($hook_boot_headers[$name_lower])) {
drupal_add_http_header($name, $value);
unset($cache->data['headers'][$name]);
}
}
// If the client sent a session cookie, a cached copy will only be served
// to that one particular client due to Vary: Cookie. Thus, do not set
// max-age > 0, allowing the page to be cached by external proxies, when a
// session cookie is present unless the Vary header has been replaced or
// unset in hook_boot().
$max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? variable_get('page_cache_maximum_age', 0) : 0;
$default_headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=' . $max_age;
// Entity tag should change if the output changes.
$etag = '"' . $cache->created . '-' . intval($return_compressed) . '"';
header('Etag: ' . $etag);
// See if the client has provided the required HTTP headers.
$if_modified_since = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) ? strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) : FALSE;
$if_none_match = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) ? stripslashes($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) : FALSE;
if ($if_modified_since && $if_none_match
&& $if_none_match == $etag // etag must match
&& $if_modified_since == $cache->created) { // if-modified-since must match
header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 304 Not Modified');
drupal_send_headers($default_headers);
return;
}
// Send the remaining headers.
foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) {
drupal_add_http_header($name, $value);
}
$default_headers['Last-Modified'] = gmdate(DATE_RFC1123, $cache->created);
// HTTP/1.0 proxies does not support the Vary header, so prevent any caching
// by sending an Expires date in the past. HTTP/1.1 clients ignores the
// Expires header if a Cache-Control: max-age= directive is specified (see RFC
// 2616, section 14.9.3).
$default_headers['Expires'] = 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT';
drupal_send_headers($default_headers);
// Allow HTTP proxies to cache pages for anonymous users without a session
// cookie. The Vary header is used to indicates the set of request-header
// fields that fully determines whether a cache is permitted to use the
// response to reply to a subsequent request for a given URL without
// revalidation. If a Vary header has been set in hook_boot(), it is assumed
// that the module knows how to cache the page.
if (!isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) && !variable_get('omit_vary_cookie')) {
header('Vary: Cookie');
}
if ($page_compression) {
header('Vary: Accept-Encoding', FALSE);
// If page_compression is enabled, the cache contains gzipped data.
if ($return_compressed) {
// $cache->data['body'] is already gzip'ed, so make sure
// zlib.output_compression does not compress it once more.
ini_set('zlib.output_compression', '0');
header('Content-Encoding: gzip');
}
else {
// The client does not support compression, so unzip the data in the
// cache. Strip the gzip header and run uncompress.
$cache->data['body'] = gzinflate(substr(substr($cache->data['body'], 10), 0, -8));
}
}
// Print the page.
print $cache->data['body'];
}
/**
* Define the critical hooks that force modules to always be loaded.
*/
function bootstrap_hooks() {
return array('boot', 'exit', 'watchdog', 'language_init');
}
/**
* Unserializes and appends elements from a serialized string.
*
* @param $obj
* The object to which the elements are appended.
* @param $field
* The attribute of $obj whose value should be unserialized.
*/
function drupal_unpack($obj, $field = 'data') {
if ($obj->$field && $data = unserialize($obj->$field)) {
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
if (!empty($key) && !isset($obj->$key)) {
$obj->$key = $value;
}
}
}
return $obj;
}
/**
* Translates a string to the current language or to a given language.
*
* The t() function serves two purposes. First, at run-time it translates
* user-visible text into the appropriate language. Second, various mechanisms
* that figure out what text needs to be translated work off t() -- the text
* inside t() calls is added to the database of strings to be translated. So,
* to enable a fully-translatable site, it is important that all human-readable
* text that will be displayed on the site or sent to a user is passed through
* the t() function, or a related function. See the
* @link http://drupal.org/node/322729 Localization API @endlink pages for
* more information, including recommendations on how to break up or not
* break up strings for translation.
*
* You should never use t() to translate variables, such as calling
* @code t($text); @endcode, unless the text that the variable holds has been
* passed through t() elsewhere (e.g., $text is one of several translated
* literal strings in an array). It is especially important never to call
* @code t($user_text); @endcode, where $user_text is some text that a user
* entered - doing that can lead to cross-site scripting and other security
* problems. However, you can use variable substitution in your string, to put
* variable text such as user names or link URLs into translated text. Variable
* substitution looks like this:
* @code
* $text = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account)));
* @endcode
* Basically, you can put variables like @name into your string, and t() will
* substitute their sanitized values at translation time (see $args below or
* the Localization API pages referenced above for details). Translators can
* then rearrange the string as necessary for the language (e.g., in Spanish,
* it might be "blog de @name").
*
* During the Drupal installation phase, some resources used by t() wil not be
* available to code that needs localization. See st() and get_t() for
* alternatives.
*
* @param $string
* A string containing the English string to translate.
* @param $args
* An associative array of replacements to make after translation.
* Occurrences in $string of any key in $args are replaced with the
* corresponding value, after sanitization. The sanitization function depends
* on the first character of the key:
* - !variable: Inserted as is. Use this for text that has already been
* sanitized.
* - @variable: Escaped to HTML using check_plain(). Use this for anything
* displayed on a page on the site.
* - %variable: Escaped as a placeholder for user-submitted content using
* drupal_placeholder(), which shows up as emphasized text.
* @param $options
* An associative array of additional options, with the following elements:
* - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language): The language code to
* translate to a language other than what is used to display the page.
* - 'context' (defaults to the empty context): The context the source string
* belongs to.
*
* @return
* The translated string.
*
* @see st()
* @see get_t()
* @ingroup sanitization
*/
function t($string, array $args = array(), array $options = array()) {
global $language;
static $custom_strings;
// Merge in default.
if (empty($options['langcode'])) {
$options['langcode'] = isset($language->language) ? $language->language : 'en';
}
if (empty($options['context'])) {
$options['context'] = '';
}
// First, check for an array of customized strings. If present, use the array
// *instead of* database lookups. This is a high performance way to provide a
// handful of string replacements. See settings.php for examples.
// Cache the $custom_strings variable to improve performance.
if (!isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']])) {
$custom_strings[$options['langcode']] = variable_get('locale_custom_strings_' . $options['langcode'], array());
}
// Custom strings work for English too, even if locale module is disabled.
if (isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string])) {
$string = $custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string];
}
// Translate with locale module if enabled.
elseif ($options['langcode'] != 'en' && function_exists('locale')) {
$string = locale($string, $options['context'], $options['langcode']);
}
if (empty($args)) {
return $string;
}
else {
// Transform arguments before inserting them.
foreach ($args as $key => $value) {
switch ($key[0]) {
case '@':
// Escaped only.
$args[$key] = check_plain($value);
break;
case '%':
default:
// Escaped and placeholder.
$args[$key] = drupal_placeholder($value);
break;
case '!':
// Pass-through.
}
}
return strtr($string, $args);
}
}
/**
* Encode special characters in a plain-text string for display as HTML.
*
* Also validates strings as UTF-8 to prevent cross site scripting attacks on
* Internet Explorer 6.
*
* @param $text
* The text to be checked or processed.
*
* @return
* An HTML safe version of $text, or an empty string if $text is not
* valid UTF-8.
*
* @see drupal_validate_utf8()
* @ingroup sanitization
*/
function check_plain($text) {
return htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
}
/**
* Checks whether a string is valid UTF-8.
*
* All functions designed to filter input should use drupal_validate_utf8
* to ensure they operate on valid UTF-8 strings to prevent bypass of the
* filter.
*
* When text containing an invalid UTF-8 lead byte (0xC0 - 0xFF) is presented
* as UTF-8 to Internet Explorer 6, the program may misinterpret subsequent
* bytes. When these subsequent bytes are HTML control characters such as
* quotes or angle brackets, parts of the text that were deemed safe by filters
* end up in locations that are potentially unsafe; An onerror attribute that
* is outside of a tag, and thus deemed safe by a filter, can be interpreted
* by the browser as if it were inside the tag.
*
* The function does not return FALSE for strings containing character codes
* above U+10FFFF, even though these are prohibited by RFC 3629.
*
* @param $text
* The text to check.
* @return
* TRUE if the text is valid UTF-8, FALSE if not.
*/
function drupal_validate_utf8($text) {
if (strlen($text) == 0) {
return TRUE;
}
// With the PCRE_UTF8 modifier 'u', preg_match() fails silently on strings
// containing invalid UTF-8 byte sequences. It does not reject character
// codes above U+10FFFF (represented by 4 or more octets), though.
return (preg_match('/^./us', $text) == 1);
}
/**
* Since $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is only available on Apache, we
* generate an equivalent using other environment variables.
*/
function request_uri() {
if (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
}
else {
if (isset($_SERVER['argv'])) {
$uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['argv'][0];
}
elseif (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
$uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
}
else {
$uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
}
}
// Prevent multiple slashes to avoid cross site requests via the Form API.
$uri = '/' . ltrim($uri, '/');
return $uri;
}
/**
* Log an exception.
*
* This is a wrapper function for watchdog() which automatically decodes an
* exception.
*
* @param $type
* The category to which this message belongs.
* @param $exception
* The exception that is going to be logged.
* @param $message
* The message to store in the log. If empty, a text that contains all useful
* information about the passed-in exception is used.
* @param $variables
* Array of variables to replace in the message on display. Defaults to the
* return value of drupal_decode_exception().
* @param $severity
* The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164.
* @param $link
* A link to associate with the message.
*
* @see watchdog()
* @see drupal_decode_exception()
*/
function watchdog_exception($type, Exception $exception, $message = NULL, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_ERROR, $link = NULL) {
// Use a default value if $message is not set.
if (empty($message)) {
// The exception message is run through check_plain() by _drupal_decode_exception().
$message = '%type: !message in %function (line %line of %file).';
}
// $variables must be an array so that we can add the exception information.
if (!is_array($variables)) {
$variables = array();
}
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc';
$variables += _drupal_decode_exception($exception);
watchdog($type, $message, $variables, $severity, $link);
}
/**
* Log a system message.
*
* @param $type
* The category to which this message belongs. Can be any string, but the
* general practice is to use the name of the module calling watchdog().
* @param $message
* The message to store in the log. Keep $message translatable
* by not concatenating dynamic values into it! Variables in the
* message should be added by using placeholder strings alongside
* the variables argument to declare the value of the placeholders.
* See t() for documentation on how $message and $variables interact.
* @param $variables
* Array of variables to replace in the message on display or
* NULL if message is already translated or not possible to
* translate.
* @param $severity
* The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164. Possible values are
* WATCHDOG_ERROR, WATCHDOG_WARNING, etc.
* @param $link
* A link to associate with the message.
*
* @see watchdog_severity_levels()
* @see hook_watchdog()
*/
function watchdog($type, $message, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_NOTICE, $link = NULL) {
global $user, $base_root;
static $in_error_state = FALSE;
// It is possible that the error handling will itself trigger an error. In that case, we could
// end up in an infinite loop. To avoid that, we implement a simple static semaphore.
if (!$in_error_state && function_exists('module_implements')) {
$in_error_state = TRUE;
// Prepare the fields to be logged
$log_entry = array(
'type' => $type,
'message' => $message,
'variables' => $variables,
'severity' => $severity,
'link' => $link,
'user' => $user,
'request_uri' => $base_root . request_uri(),
'referer' => isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] : '',
'ip' => ip_address(),
'timestamp' => REQUEST_TIME,
);
// Call the logging hooks to log/process the message
foreach (module_implements('watchdog') as $module) {
module_invoke($module, 'watchdog', $log_entry);
}
// It is critical that the semaphore is only cleared here, in the parent
// watchdog() call (not outside the loop), to prevent recursive execution.
$in_error_state = FALSE;
}
}
/**
* Set a message which reflects the status of the performed operation.
*
* If the function is called with no arguments, this function returns all set
* messages without clearing them.
*
* @param $message
* The message to be displayed to the user. For consistency with other
* messages, it should begin with a capital letter and end with a period.
* @param $type
* The type of the message. One of the following values are possible:
* - 'status'
* - 'warning'
* - 'error'
* @param $repeat
* If this is FALSE and the message is already set, then the message won't
* be repeated.
*/
function drupal_set_message($message = NULL, $type = 'status', $repeat = TRUE) {
if ($message) {
if (!isset($_SESSION['messages'][$type])) {
$_SESSION['messages'][$type] = array();
}
if ($repeat || !in_array($message, $_SESSION['messages'][$type])) {
$_SESSION['messages'][$type][] = $message;
}
// Mark this page as being uncacheable.
drupal_page_is_cacheable(FALSE);
}
// Messages not set when DB connection fails.
return isset($_SESSION['messages']) ? $_SESSION['messages'] : NULL;
}
/**
* Return all messages that have been set.
*
* @param $type
* (optional) Only return messages of this type.
* @param $clear_queue
* (optional) Set to FALSE if you do not want to clear the messages queue
* @return
* An associative array, the key is the message type, the value an array
* of messages. If the $type parameter is passed, you get only that type,
* or an empty array if there are no such messages. If $type is not passed,
* all message types are returned, or an empty array if none exist.
*/
function drupal_get_messages($type = NULL, $clear_queue = TRUE) {
if ($messages = drupal_set_message()) {
if ($type) {
if ($clear_queue) {
unset($_SESSION['messages'][$type]);
}
if (isset($messages[$type])) {
return array($type => $messages[$type]);
}
}
else {
if ($clear_queue) {
unset($_SESSION['messages']);
}
return $messages;
}
}
return array();
}
/**
* Get the title of the current page, for display on the page and in the title bar.
*
* @return
* The current page's title.
*/
function drupal_get_title() {
$title = drupal_set_title();
// During a bootstrap, menu.inc is not included and thus we cannot provide a title.
if (!isset($title) && function_exists('menu_get_active_title')) {
$title = check_plain(menu_get_active_title());
}
return $title;
}
/**
* Set the title of the current page, for display on the page and in the title bar.
*
* @param $title
* Optional string value to assign to the page title; or if set to NULL
* (default), leaves the current title unchanged.
* @param $output
* Optional flag - normally should be left as CHECK_PLAIN. Only set to
* PASS_THROUGH if you have already removed any possibly dangerous code
* from $title using a function like check_plain() or filter_xss(). With this
* flag the string will be passed through unchanged.
*
* @return
* The updated title of the current page.
*/
function drupal_set_title($title = NULL, $output = CHECK_PLAIN) {
$stored_title = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
if (isset($title)) {
$stored_title = ($output == PASS_THROUGH) ? $title : check_plain($title);
}
return $stored_title;
}
/**
* Check to see if an IP address has been blocked.
*
* Blocked IP addresses are stored in the database by default. However for
* performance reasons we allow an override in settings.php. This allows us
* to avoid querying the database at this critical stage of the bootstrap if
* an administrative interface for IP address blocking is not required.
*
* @param $ip
* IP address to check.
* @return bool
* TRUE if access is denied, FALSE if access is allowed.
*/
function drupal_is_denied($ip) {
// Because this function is called on every page request, we first check
// for an array of IP addresses in settings.php before querying the
// database.
$blocked_ips = variable_get('blocked_ips');
$denied = FALSE;
if (isset($blocked_ips) && is_array($blocked_ips)) {
$denied = in_array($ip, $blocked_ips);
}
// Only check if database.inc is loaded already. If
// $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE; is set in settings.php,
// then the database won't be loaded here so the IPs in the database
// won't be denied. However the user asked explicitly not to use the
// database and also in this case it's quite likely that the user relies
// on higher performance solutions like a firewall.
elseif (class_exists('Database', FALSE)) {
$denied = (bool)db_query("SELECT 1 FROM {blocked_ips} WHERE ip = :ip", array(':ip' => $ip))->fetchField();
}
return $denied;
}
/**
* Handle denied users.
*
* @param $ip
* IP address to check. Prints a message and exits if access is denied.
*/
function drupal_block_denied($ip) {
// Deny access to blocked IP addresses - t() is not yet available.
if (drupal_is_denied($ip)) {
header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 403 Forbidden');
print 'Sorry, ' . check_plain(ip_address()) . ' has been banned.';
exit();
}
}
/**
* Returns a string of highly randomized bytes (over the full 8-bit range).
*
* This function is better than simply calling mt_rand() or any other built-in
* PHP function because it can return a long string of bytes (compared to < 4
* bytes normally from mt_rand()) and uses the best available pseudo-random source.
*
* @param $count
* The number of characters (bytes) to return in the string.
*/
function drupal_random_bytes($count) {
// $random_state does not use drupal_static as it stores random bytes.
static $random_state, $bytes;
// Initialize on the first call. The contents of $_SERVER includes a mix of
// user-specific and system information that varies a little with each page.
if (!isset($random_state)) {
$random_state = print_r($_SERVER, TRUE);
if (function_exists('getmypid')) {
// Further initialize with the somewhat random PHP process ID.
$random_state .= getmypid();
}
$bytes = '';
}
if (strlen($bytes) < $count) {
// /dev/urandom is available on many *nix systems and is considered the
// best commonly available pseudo-random source.
if ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) {
// PHP only performs buffered reads, so in reality it will always read
// at least 4096 bytes. Thus, it costs nothing extra to read and store
// that much so as to speed any additional invocations.
$bytes .= fread($fh, max(4096, $count));
fclose($fh);
}
// If /dev/urandom is not available or returns no bytes, this loop will
// generate a good set of pseudo-random bytes on any system.
// Note that it may be important that our $random_state is passed
// through hash() prior to being rolled into $output, that the two hash()
// invocations are different, and that the extra input into the first one -
// the microtime() - is prepended rather than appended. This is to avoid
// directly leaking $random_state via the $output stream, which could
// allow for trivial prediction of further "random" numbers.
while (strlen($bytes) < $count) {
$random_state = hash('sha256', microtime() . mt_rand() . $random_state);
$bytes .= hash('sha256', mt_rand() . $random_state, TRUE);
}
}
$output = substr($bytes, 0, $count);
$bytes = substr($bytes, $count);
return $output;
}
/**
* Calculate a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hmac.
*
* @param $data
* String to be validated with the hmac.
* @param $key
* A secret string key.
*
* @return
* A base-64 encoded sha-256 hmac, with + replaced with -, / with _ and
* any = padding characters removed.
*/
function drupal_hmac_base64($data, $key) {
$hmac = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', $data, $key, TRUE));
// Modify the hmac so it's safe to use in URLs.
return strtr($hmac, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => ''));
}
/**
* Calculate a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hash.
*
* @param $data
* String to be hashed.
*
* @return
* A base-64 encoded sha-256 hash, with + replaced with -, / with _ and
* any = padding characters removed.
*/
function drupal_hash_base64($data) {
$hash = base64_encode(hash('sha256', $data, TRUE));
// Modify the hash so it's safe to use in URLs.
return strtr($hash, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => ''));
}
/**
* Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array.
*
* This function is similar to PHP's array_merge_recursive() function, but it
* handles non-array values differently. When merging values that are not both
* arrays, the latter value replaces the former rather than merging with it.
*
* Example:
* @code
* $link_options_1 = array('fragment' => 'x', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('X'), 'class' => array('a', 'b')));
* $link_options_2 = array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('c', 'd')));
*
* // This results in array('fragment' => array('x', 'y'), 'attributes' => array('title' => array(t('X'), t('Y')), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))).
* $incorrect = array_merge_recursive($link_options_1, $link_options_2);
*
* // This results in array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))).
* $correct = drupal_array_merge_deep($link_options_1, $link_options_2);
* @endcode
*
* @param ...
* Arrays to merge.
*
* @return
* The merged array.
*
* @see drupal_array_merge_deep_array()
*/
function drupal_array_merge_deep() {
return drupal_array_merge_deep_array(func_get_args());
}
/**
* Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array.
*
* This function is equivalent to drupal_array_merge_deep(), except the
* input arrays are passed as a single array parameter rather than a variable
* parameter list.
*
* The following are equivalent:
* - drupal_array_merge_deep($a, $b);
* - drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($a, $b));
*
* The following are also equivalent:
* - call_user_func_array('drupal_array_merge_deep', $arrays_to_merge);
* - drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays_to_merge);
*
* @see drupal_array_merge_deep()
*/
function drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays) {
$result = array();
foreach ($arrays as $array) {
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
// Renumber integer keys as array_merge_recursive() does. Note that PHP
// automatically converts array keys that are integer strings (e.g., '1')
// to integers.
if (is_integer($key)) {
$result[] = $value;
}
// Recurse when both values are arrays.
elseif (isset($result[$key]) && is_array($result[$key]) && is_array($value)) {
$result[$key] = drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($result[$key], $value));
}
// Otherwise, use the latter value, overriding any previous value.
else {
$result[$key] = $value;
}
}
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Generates a default anonymous $user object.
*
* @return Object - the user object.
*/
function drupal_anonymous_user() {
$user = new stdClass();
$user->uid = 0;
$user->hostname = ip_address();
$user->roles = array();
$user->roles[DRUPAL_ANONYMOUS_RID] = 'anonymous user';
$user->cache = 0;
return $user;
}
/**
* A string describing a phase of Drupal to load. Each phase adds to the
* previous one, so invoking a later phase automatically runs the earlier
* phases too. The most important usage is that if you want to access the
* Drupal database from a script without loading anything else, you can
* include bootstrap.inc, and call drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE).
*
* @param $phase
* A constant. Allowed values are the DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_* constants.
* @param $new_phase
* A boolean, set to FALSE if calling drupal_bootstrap from inside a
* function called from drupal_bootstrap (recursion).
* @return
* The most recently completed phase.
*
*/
function drupal_bootstrap($phase = NULL, $new_phase = TRUE) {
// Not drupal_static(), because does not depend on any run-time information.
static $phases = array(
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE,
DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL,
);
// Not drupal_static(), because the only legitimate API to control this is to
// call drupal_bootstrap() with a new phase parameter.
static $final_phase;
// Not drupal_static(), because it's impossible to roll back to an earlier
// bootstrap state.
static $stored_phase = -1;
// When not recursing, store the phase name so it's not forgotten while
// recursing.
if ($new_phase) {
$final_phase = $phase;
}
if (isset($phase)) {
// Call a phase if it has not been called before and is below the requested
// phase.
while ($phases && $phase > $stored_phase && $final_phase > $stored_phase) {
$current_phase = array_shift($phases);
// This function is re-entrant. Only update the completed phase when the
// current call actually resulted in a progress in the bootstrap process.
if ($current_phase > $stored_phase) {
$stored_phase = $current_phase;
}
switch ($current_phase) {
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION:
_drupal_bootstrap_configuration();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE:
_drupal_bootstrap_page_cache();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE:
_drupal_bootstrap_database();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES:
_drupal_bootstrap_variables();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION:
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('session_inc', 'includes/session.inc');
drupal_session_initialize();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER:
_drupal_bootstrap_page_header();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE:
drupal_language_initialize();
break;
case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL:
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc';
_drupal_bootstrap_full();
break;
}
}
}
return $stored_phase;
}
/**
* Return the time zone of the current user.
*/
function drupal_get_user_timezone() {
global $user;
if (variable_get('configurable_timezones', 1) && $user->uid && $user->timezone) {
return $user->timezone;
}
else {
// Ignore PHP strict notice if time zone has not yet been set in the php.ini
// configuration.
return variable_get('date_default_timezone', @date_default_timezone_get());
}
}
/**
* Custom PHP error handler.
*
* @param $error_level
* The level of the error raised.
* @param $message
* The error message.
* @param $filename
* The filename that the error was raised in.
* @param $line
* The line number the error was raised at.
* @param $context
* An array that points to the active symbol table at the point the error occurred.
*/
function _drupal_error_handler($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc';
_drupal_error_handler_real($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context);
}
/**
* Custom PHP exception handler.
*
* Uncaught exceptions are those not enclosed in a try/catch block. They are
* always fatal: the execution of the script will stop as soon as the exception
* handler exits.
*
* @param $exception
* The exception object that was thrown.
*/
function _drupal_exception_handler($exception) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc';
try {
// Log the message to the watchdog and return an error page to the user.
_drupal_log_error(_drupal_decode_exception($exception), TRUE);
}
catch (Exception $exception2) {
// Another uncaught exception was thrown while handling the first one.
// If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown.
if (error_displayable()) {
print 'Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.
';
print 'Original
' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '
';
print 'Additional
' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception2) . '
';
}
}
}
/**
* Bootstrap configuration: Setup script environment and load settings.php.
*/
function _drupal_bootstrap_configuration() {
// Set the Drupal custom error handler.
set_error_handler('_drupal_error_handler');
set_exception_handler('_drupal_exception_handler');
drupal_environment_initialize();
// Start a page timer:
timer_start('page');
// Initialize the configuration, including variables from settings.php.
drupal_settings_initialize();
}
/**
* Bootstrap page cache: Try to serve a page from cache.
*/
function _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache() {
global $user;
// Allow specifying special cache handlers in settings.php, like
// using memcached or files for storing cache information.
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/cache.inc';
foreach (variable_get('cache_backends', array()) as $include) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $include;
}
// Check for a cache mode force from settings.php.
if (variable_get('page_cache_without_database')) {
$cache_enabled = TRUE;
}
else {
drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, FALSE);
$cache_enabled = variable_get('cache');
}
drupal_block_denied(ip_address());
// If there is no session cookie and cache is enabled (or forced), try
// to serve a cached page.
if (!isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) && $cache_enabled) {
// Make sure there is a user object because its timestamp will be
// checked, hook_boot might check for anonymous user etc.
$user = drupal_anonymous_user();
// Get the page from the cache.
$cache = drupal_page_get_cache();
// If there is a cached page, display it.
if (is_object($cache)) {
header('X-Drupal-Cache: HIT');
// Restore the metadata cached with the page.
$_GET['q'] = $cache->data['path'];
drupal_set_title($cache->data['title'], PASS_THROUGH);
date_default_timezone_set(drupal_get_user_timezone());
// If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call
// hook_boot.
if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) {
bootstrap_invoke_all('boot');
}
drupal_serve_page_from_cache($cache);
// If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call
// hook_exit.
if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) {
bootstrap_invoke_all('exit');
}
// We are done.
exit;
}
else {
header('X-Drupal-Cache: MISS');
}
}
}
/**
* Bootstrap database: Initialize database system and register autoload functions.
*/
function _drupal_bootstrap_database() {
// Redirect the user to the installation script if Drupal has not been
// installed yet (i.e., if no $databases array has been defined in the
// settings.php file) and we are not already installing.
if (empty($GLOBALS['databases']) && !drupal_installation_attempted()) {
include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/install.inc';
install_goto('install.php');
}
// The user agent header is used to pass a database prefix in the request when
// running tests. However, for security reasons, it is imperative that we
// validate we ourselves made the request.
if ($test_prefix = drupal_valid_test_ua()) {
// Set the test run id for use in other parts of Drupal.
$test_info = &$GLOBALS['drupal_test_info'];
$test_info['test_run_id'] = $test_prefix;
$test_info['in_child_site'] = TRUE;
foreach ($GLOBALS['databases']['default'] as &$value) {
// Extract the current default database prefix.
if (!isset($value['prefix'])) {
$current_prefix = '';
}
elseif (is_array($value['prefix'])) {
$current_prefix = $value['prefix']['default'];
}
else {
$current_prefix = $value['prefix'];
}
// Remove the current database prefix and replace it by our own.
$value['prefix'] = array(
'default' => $current_prefix . $test_prefix,
);
}
}
// Initialize the database system. Note that the connection
// won't be initialized until it is actually requested.
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/database/database.inc';
// Register autoload functions so that we can access classes and interfaces.
// The database autoload routine comes first so that we can load the database
// system without hitting the database. That is especially important during
// the install or upgrade process.
spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_class');
spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_interface');
}
/**
* Bootstrap variables: Load system variables and all enabled bootstrap modules.
*/
function _drupal_bootstrap_variables() {
global $conf;
// Initialize the lock system.
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('lock_inc', 'includes/lock.inc');
lock_initialize();
// Load variables from the database, but do not overwrite variables set in settings.php.
$conf = variable_initialize(isset($conf) ? $conf : array());
// Load bootstrap modules.
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/module.inc';
module_load_all(TRUE);
}
/**
* Bootstrap page header: Invoke hook_boot(), initialize locking system, and send default HTTP headers.
*/
function _drupal_bootstrap_page_header() {
bootstrap_invoke_all('boot');
if (!drupal_is_cli()) {
ob_start();
drupal_page_header();
}
}
/**
* Returns the current bootstrap phase for this Drupal process.
*
* The current phase is the one most recently completed by drupal_bootstrap().
*
* @see drupal_bootstrap()
*/
function drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() {
return drupal_bootstrap();
}
/**
* Checks the current User-Agent string to see if this is an internal request
* from SimpleTest. If so, returns the test prefix for this test.
*
* @return
* Either the simpletest prefix (the string "simpletest" followed by any
* number of digits) or FALSE if the user agent does not contain a valid
* HMAC and timestamp.
*/
function drupal_valid_test_ua() {
global $drupal_hash_salt;
// No reason to reset this.
static $test_prefix;
if (isset($test_prefix)) {
return $test_prefix;
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match("/^(simpletest\d+);(.+);(.+);(.+)$/", $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $matches)) {
list(, $prefix, $time, $salt, $hmac) = $matches;
$check_string = $prefix . ';' . $time . ';' . $salt;
// We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since
// the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables.
// The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others.
$key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__);
$time_diff = REQUEST_TIME - $time;
// Since we are making a local request a 5 second time window is allowed,
// and the HMAC must match.
if ($time_diff >= 0 && $time_diff <= 5 && $hmac == drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key)) {
$test_prefix = $prefix;
return $test_prefix;
}
}
return FALSE;
}
/**
* Generate a user agent string with a HMAC and timestamp for simpletest.
*/
function drupal_generate_test_ua($prefix) {
global $drupal_hash_salt;
static $key;
if (!isset($key)) {
// We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since
// the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables.
// The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others.
$key = $drupal_hash_salt . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__);
}
// Generate a moderately secure HMAC based on the database credentials.
$salt = uniqid('', TRUE);
$check_string = $prefix . ';' . time() . ';' . $salt;
return $check_string . ';' . drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key);
}
/**
* Enables use of the theme system without requiring database access.
*
* Loads and initializes the theme system for site installs, updates and when
* the site is in maintenance mode. This also applies when the database fails.
*
* @see _drupal_maintenance_theme()
*/
function drupal_maintenance_theme() {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/theme.maintenance.inc';
_drupal_maintenance_theme();
}
/**
* Return TRUE if a Drupal installation is currently being attempted.
*/
function drupal_installation_attempted() {
return defined('MAINTENANCE_MODE') && MAINTENANCE_MODE == 'install';
}
/**
* Returns the name of the proper localization function.
*
* get_t() exists to support localization for code that might run during
* the installation phase, when some elements of the system might not have
* loaded.
*
* This would include implementations of hook_install(), which could run
* during the Drupal installation phase, and might also be run during
* non-installation time, such as while installing the module from the the
* module administration page.
*
* Example useage:
* @code
* $t = get_t();
* $translated = $t('translate this');
* @endcode
*
* Use t() if your code will never run during the Drupal installation phase.
* Use st() if your code will only run during installation and never any other
* time. Use get_t() if your code could run in either circumstance.
*
* @see t()
* @see st()
* @ingroup sanitization
*/
function get_t() {
static $t;
// This is not converted to drupal_static because there is no point in
// resetting this as it can not change in the course of a request.
if (!isset($t)) {
$t = drupal_installation_attempted() ? 'st' : 't';
}
return $t;
}
/**
* Initialize all the defined language types.
*/
function drupal_language_initialize() {
$types = language_types();
// Ensure the language is correctly returned, even without multilanguage
// support. Also make sure we have a $language fallback, in case a language
// negotiation callback needs to do a full bootstrap.
// Useful for eg. XML/HTML 'lang' attributes.
$default = language_default();
foreach ($types as $type) {
$GLOBALS[$type] = $default;
}
if (drupal_multilingual()) {
include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
foreach ($types as $type) {
$GLOBALS[$type] = language_initialize($type);
}
// Allow modules to react on language system initialization in multilingual
// environments.
bootstrap_invoke_all('language_init');
}
}
/**
* The built-in language types.
*
* @return
* An array of key-values pairs where the key is the language type and the
* value is its configurability.
*/
function drupal_language_types() {
return array(
LANGUAGE_TYPE_INTERFACE => TRUE,
LANGUAGE_TYPE_CONTENT => FALSE,
LANGUAGE_TYPE_URL => FALSE,
);
}
/**
* Return true if there is more than one language enabled.
*/
function drupal_multilingual() {
// The "language_count" variable stores the number of enabled languages to
// avoid unnecessarily querying the database when building the list of
// enabled languages on monolingual sites.
return variable_get('language_count', 1) > 1;
}
/**
* Return an array of the available language types.
*/
function language_types() {
return array_keys(variable_get('language_types', drupal_language_types()));
}
/**
* Get a list of languages set up indexed by the specified key
*
* @param $field The field to index the list with.
*/
function language_list($field = 'language') {
$languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
// Init language list
if (!isset($languages)) {
if (drupal_multilingual() || module_exists('locale')) {
$languages['language'] = db_query('SELECT * FROM {languages} ORDER BY weight ASC, name ASC')->fetchAllAssoc('language');
// Users cannot uninstall the native English language. However, we allow
// it to be hidden from the installed languages. Therefore, at least one
// other language must be enabled then.
if (!$languages['language']['en']->enabled && !variable_get('language_native_enabled', TRUE)) {
unset($languages['language']['en']);
}
}
else {
// No locale module, so use the default language only.
$default = language_default();
$languages['language'][$default->language] = $default;
}
}
// Return the array indexed by the right field
if (!isset($languages[$field])) {
$languages[$field] = array();
foreach ($languages['language'] as $lang) {
// Some values should be collected into an array
if (in_array($field, array('enabled', 'weight'))) {
$languages[$field][$lang->$field][$lang->language] = $lang;
}
else {
$languages[$field][$lang->$field] = $lang;
}
}
}
return $languages[$field];
}
/**
* Default language used on the site
*
* @param $property
* Optional property of the language object to return
*/
function language_default($property = NULL) {
$language = variable_get('language_default', (object) array('language' => 'en', 'name' => 'English', 'native' => 'English', 'direction' => 0, 'enabled' => 1, 'plurals' => 0, 'formula' => '', 'domain' => '', 'prefix' => '', 'weight' => 0, 'javascript' => ''));
return $property ? $language->$property : $language;
}
/**
* Returns the requested URL path of the page being viewed.
*
* Examples:
* - http://example.com/node/306 returns "node/306".
* - http://example.com/drupalfolder/node/306 returns "node/306" while
* base_path() returns "/drupalfolder/".
* - http://example.com/path/alias (which is a path alias for node/306) returns
* "path/alias" as opposed to the internal path.
* - http://example.com/index.php returns an empty string (meaning: front page).
* - http://example.com/index.php?page=1 returns an empty string.
*
* @return
* The requested Drupal URL path.
*
* @see current_path()
*/
function request_path() {
static $path;
if (isset($path)) {
return $path;
}
if (isset($_GET['q'])) {
// This is a request with a ?q=foo/bar query string. $_GET['q'] is
// overwritten in drupal_path_initialize(), but request_path() is called
// very early in the bootstrap process, so the original value is saved in
// $path and returned in later calls.
$path = $_GET['q'];
}
elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
// This request is either a clean URL, or 'index.php', or nonsense.
// Extract the path from REQUEST_URI.
$request_path = strtok($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '?');
$base_path_len = strlen(rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/'));
// Unescape and strip $base_path prefix, leaving q without a leading slash.
$path = substr(urldecode($request_path), $base_path_len + 1);
// If the path equals the script filename, either because 'index.php' was
// explicitly provided in the URL, or because the server added it to
// $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] even when it wasn't provided in the URL (some
// versions of Microsoft IIS do this), the front page should be served.
if ($path == basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])) {
$path = '';
}
}
else {
// This is the front page.
$path = '';
}
// Under certain conditions Apache's RewriteRule directive prepends the value
// assigned to $_GET['q'] with a slash. Moreover we can always have a trailing
// slash in place, hence we need to normalize $_GET['q'].
$path = trim($path, '/');
return $path;
}
/**
* Return a component of the current Drupal path.
*
* When viewing a page at the path "admin/structure/types", for example, arg(0)
* returns "admin", arg(1) returns "structure", and arg(2) returns "types".
*
* Avoid use of this function where possible, as resulting code is hard to read.
* In menu callback functions, attempt to use named arguments. See the explanation
* in menu.inc for how to construct callbacks that take arguments. When attempting
* to use this function to load an element from the current path, e.g. loading the
* node on a node page, please use menu_get_object() instead.
*
* @param $index
* The index of the component, where each component is separated by a '/'
* (forward-slash), and where the first component has an index of 0 (zero).
* @param $path
* A path to break into components. Defaults to the path of the current page.
*
* @return
* The component specified by $index, or NULL if the specified component was
* not found. If called without arguments, it returns an array containing all
* the components of the current path.
*/
function arg($index = NULL, $path = NULL) {
// Even though $arguments doesn't need to be resettable for any functional
// reasons (the result of explode() does not depend on any run-time
// information), it should be resettable anyway in case a module needs to
// free up the memory used by it.
// Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often.
static $drupal_static_fast;
if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) {
$drupal_static_fast['arguments'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
}
$arguments = &$drupal_static_fast['arguments'];
if (!isset($path)) {
$path = $_GET['q'];
}
if (!isset($arguments[$path])) {
$arguments[$path] = explode('/', $path);
}
if (!isset($index)) {
return $arguments[$path];
}
if (isset($arguments[$path][$index])) {
return $arguments[$path][$index];
}
}
/**
* If Drupal is behind a reverse proxy, we use the X-Forwarded-For header
* instead of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], which would be the IP address of
* the proxy server, and not the client's. The actual header name can be
* configured by the reverse_proxy_header variable.
*
* @return
* IP address of client machine, adjusted for reverse proxy and/or cluster
* environments.
*/
function ip_address() {
$ip_address = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
if (!isset($ip_address)) {
$ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
if (variable_get('reverse_proxy', 0)) {
$reverse_proxy_header = variable_get('reverse_proxy_header', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');
if (!empty($_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header])) {
// If an array of known reverse proxy IPs is provided, then trust
// the XFF header if request really comes from one of them.
$reverse_proxy_addresses = variable_get('reverse_proxy_addresses', array());
// Turn XFF header into an array.
$forwarded = explode(',', $_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header]);
// Trim the forwarded IPs; they may have been delimited by commas and spaces.
$forwarded = array_map('trim', $forwarded);
// Tack direct client IP onto end of forwarded array.
$forwarded[] = $ip_address;
// Eliminate all trusted IPs.
$untrusted = array_diff($forwarded, $reverse_proxy_addresses);
// The right-most IP is the most specific we can trust.
$ip_address = array_pop($untrusted);
}
}
}
return $ip_address;
}
/**
* @ingroup schemaapi
* @{
*/
/**
* Get the schema definition of a table, or the whole database schema.
*
* The returned schema will include any modifications made by any
* module that implements hook_schema_alter().
*
* @param $table
* The name of the table. If not given, the schema of all tables is returned.
* @param $rebuild
* If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache.
*/
function drupal_get_schema($table = NULL, $rebuild = FALSE) {
static $schema = array();
if (empty($schema) || $rebuild) {
// Try to load the schema from cache.
if (!$rebuild && $cached = cache_get('schema')) {
$schema = $cached->data;
}
// Otherwise, rebuild the schema cache.
else {
$schema = array();
// Load the .install files to get hook_schema.
// On some databases this function may be called before bootstrap has
// been completed, so we force the functions we need to load just in case.
if (function_exists('module_load_all_includes')) {
// This function can be called very early in the bootstrap process, so
// we force the module_list() cache to be refreshed to ensure that it
// contains the complete list of modules before we go on to call
// module_load_all_includes().
module_list(TRUE);
module_load_all_includes('install');
}
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc';
// Invoke hook_schema for all modules.
foreach (module_implements('schema') as $module) {
// Cast the result of hook_schema() to an array, as a NULL return value
// would cause array_merge() to set the $schema variable to NULL as well.
// That would break modules which use $schema further down the line.
$current = (array) module_invoke($module, 'schema');
// Set 'module' and 'name' keys for each table, and remove descriptions,
// as they needlessly slow down cache_get() for every single request.
_drupal_schema_initialize($current, $module);
$schema = array_merge($schema, $current);
}
drupal_alter('schema', $schema);
// If the schema is empty, avoid saving it: some database engines require
// the schema to perform queries, and this could lead to infinite loops.
if (!empty($schema) && (drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() == DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL)) {
cache_set('schema', $schema);
}
}
}
if (!isset($table)) {
return $schema;
}
elseif (isset($schema[$table])) {
return $schema[$table];
}
else {
return FALSE;
}
}
/**
* @} End of "ingroup schemaapi".
*/
/**
* @ingroup registry
* @{
*/
/**
* Confirm that an interface is available.
*
* This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an
* spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary.
*
* @param $interface
* The name of the interface to check or load.
* @return
* TRUE if the interface is currently available, FALSE otherwise.
*/
function drupal_autoload_interface($interface) {
return _registry_check_code('interface', $interface);
}
/**
* Confirm that a class is available.
*
* This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an
* spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary.
*
* @param $class
* The name of the class to check or load.
* @return
* TRUE if the class is currently available, FALSE otherwise.
*/
function drupal_autoload_class($class) {
return _registry_check_code('class', $class);
}
/**
* Helper to check for a resource in the registry.
*
* @param $type
* The type of resource we are looking up, or one of the constants
* REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE or REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE, which
* signal that we should reset or write the cache, respectively.
* @param $name
* The name of the resource, or NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants
* is passed in.
* @return
* TRUE if the resource was found, FALSE if not.
* NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants is passed in as $type.
*/
function _registry_check_code($type, $name = NULL) {
static $lookup_cache, $cache_update_needed;
if ($type == 'class' && class_exists($name) || $type == 'interface' && interface_exists($name)) {
return TRUE;
}
if (!isset($lookup_cache)) {
$lookup_cache = array();
if ($cache = cache_get('lookup_cache', 'cache_bootstrap')) {
$lookup_cache = $cache->data;
}
}
// When we rebuild the registry, we need to reset this cache so
// we don't keep lookups for resources that changed during the rebuild.
if ($type == REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE) {
$cache_update_needed = TRUE;
$lookup_cache = NULL;
return;
}
// Called from drupal_page_footer, we write to permanent storage if there
// changes to the lookup cache for this request.
if ($type == REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE) {
if ($cache_update_needed) {
cache_set('lookup_cache', $lookup_cache, 'cache_bootstrap');
}
return;
}
// $type is either 'interface' or 'class', so we only need the first letter to
// keep the cache key unique.
$cache_key = $type[0] . $name;
if (isset($lookup_cache[$cache_key])) {
if ($lookup_cache[$cache_key]) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $lookup_cache[$cache_key];
}
return (bool) $lookup_cache[$cache_key];
}
// This function may get called when the default database is not active, but
// there is no reason we'd ever want to not use the default database for
// this query.
$file = Database::getConnection('default', 'default')->query("SELECT filename FROM {registry} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array(
':name' => $name,
':type' => $type,
))
->fetchField();
// Flag that we've run a lookup query and need to update the cache.
$cache_update_needed = TRUE;
// Misses are valuable information worth caching, so cache even if
// $file is FALSE.
$lookup_cache[$cache_key] = $file;
if ($file) {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file;
return TRUE;
}
else {
return FALSE;
}
}
/**
* Rescan all enabled modules and rebuild the registry.
*
* Rescans all code in modules or includes directories, storing the location of
* each interface or class in the database.
*/
function registry_rebuild() {
system_rebuild_module_data();
registry_update();
}
/**
* Update the registry based on the latest files listed in the database.
*
* This function should be used when system_rebuild_module_data() does not need
* to be called, because it is already known that the list of files in the
* {system} table matches those in the file system.
*
* @see registry_rebuild()
*/
function registry_update() {
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/registry.inc';
_registry_update();
}
/**
* @} End of "ingroup registry".
*/
/**
* Central static variable storage.
*
* All functions requiring a static variable to persist or cache data within
* a single page request are encouraged to use this function unless it is
* absolutely certain that the static variable will not need to be reset during
* the page request. By centralizing static variable storage through this
* function, other functions can rely on a consistent API for resetting any
* other function's static variables.
*
* Example:
* @code
* function language_list($field = 'language') {
* $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
* if (!isset($languages)) {
* // If this function is being called for the first time after a reset,
* // query the database and execute any other code needed to retrieve
* // information about the supported languages.
* ...
* }
* if (!isset($languages[$field])) {
* // If this function is being called for the first time for a particular
* // index field, then execute code needed to index the information already
* // available in $languages by the desired field.
* ...
* }
* // Subsequent invocations of this function for a particular index field
* // skip the above two code blocks and quickly return the already indexed
* // information.
* return $languages[$field];
* }
* function locale_translate_overview_screen() {
* // When building the content for the translations overview page, make
* // sure to get completely fresh information about the supported languages.
* drupal_static_reset('language_list');
* ...
* }
* @endcode
*
* In a few cases, a function can have certainty that there is no legitimate
* use-case for resetting that function's static variable. This is rare,
* because when writing a function, it's hard to forecast all the situations in
* which it will be used. A guideline is that if a function's static variable
* does not depend on any information outside of the function that might change
* during a single page request, then it's ok to use the "static" keyword
* instead of the drupal_static() function.
*
* Example:
* @code
* function actions_do(...) {
* // $stack tracks the number of recursive calls.
* static $stack;
* $stack++;
* if ($stack > variable_get('actions_max_stack', 35)) {
* ...
* return;
* }
* ...
* $stack--;
* }
* @endcode
*
* In a few cases, a function needs a resettable static variable, but the
* function is called many times (100+) during a single page request, so
* every microsecond of execution time that can be removed from the function
* counts. These functions can use a more cumbersome, but faster variant of
* calling drupal_static(). It works by storing the reference returned by
* drupal_static() in the calling function's own static variable, thereby
* removing the need to call drupal_static() for each iteration of the function.
* Conceptually, it replaces:
* @code
* $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
* @endcode
* with:
* @code
* // Unfortunately, this does not work.
* static $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
* @endcode
* However, the above line of code does not work, because PHP only allows static
* variables to be initializied by literal values, and does not allow static
* variables to be assigned to references.
* - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.static
* - http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.references
* The example below shows the syntax needed to work around both limitations.
* For benchmarks and more information, see http://drupal.org/node/619666.
*
* Example:
* @code
* function user_access($string, $account = NULL) {
* // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often.
* static $drupal_static_fast;
* if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) {
* $drupal_static_fast['perm'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);
* }
* $perm = &$drupal_static_fast['perm'];
* ...
* }
* @endcode
*
* @param $name
* Globally unique name for the variable. For a function with only one static,
* variable, the function name (e.g. via the PHP magic __FUNCTION__ constant)
* is recommended. For a function with multiple static variables add a
* distinguishing suffix to the function name for each one.
* @param $default_value
* Optional default value.
* @param $reset
* TRUE to reset a specific named variable, or all variables if $name is NULL.
* Resetting every variable should only be used, for example, for running
* unit tests with a clean environment. Should be used only though via
* function drupal_static_reset() and the return value should not be used in
* this case.
*
* @return
* Returns a variable by reference.
*
* @see drupal_static_reset()
*/
function &drupal_static($name, $default_value = NULL, $reset = FALSE) {
static $data = array(), $default = array();
// First check if dealing with a previously defined static variable.
if (isset($data[$name]) || array_key_exists($name, $data)) {
// Non-NULL $name and both $data[$name] and $default[$name] statics exist.
if ($reset) {
// Reset pre-existing static variable to its default value.
$data[$name] = $default[$name];
}
return $data[$name];
}
// Neither $data[$name] nor $default[$name] static variables exist.
if (isset($name)) {
if ($reset) {
// Reset was called before a default is set and yet a variable must be
// returned.
return $data;
}
// First call with new non-NULL $name. Initialize a new static variable.
$default[$name] = $data[$name] = $default_value;
return $data[$name];
}
// Reset all: ($name == NULL). This needs to be done one at a time so that
// references returned by earlier invocations of drupal_static() also get
// reset.
foreach ($default as $name => $value) {
$data[$name] = $value;
}
// As the function returns a reference, the return should always be a
// variable.
return $data;
}
/**
* Reset one or all centrally stored static variable(s).
*
* @param $name
* Name of the static variable to reset. Omit to reset all variables.
*/
function drupal_static_reset($name = NULL) {
drupal_static($name, NULL, TRUE);
}
/**
* Detect whether the current script is running in a command-line environment.
*/
function drupal_is_cli() {
return (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) && (php_sapi_name() == 'cli' || (is_numeric($_SERVER['argc']) && $_SERVER['argc'] > 0)));
}
/**
* Formats text for emphasized display in a placeholder inside a sentence.
* Used automatically by t().
*
* @param $text
* The text to format (plain-text).
*
* @return
* The formatted text (html).
*/
function drupal_placeholder($text) {
return '' . check_plain($text) . '';
}
/**
* Register a function for execution on shutdown.
*
* Wrapper for register_shutdown_function() that catches thrown exceptions to
* avoid "Exception thrown without a stack frame in Unknown".
*
* @param $callback
* The shutdown function to register.
* @param ...
* Additional arguments to pass to the shutdown function.
*
* @return
* Array of shutdown functions to be executed.
*
* @see register_shutdown_function()
* @ingroup php_wrappers
*/
function &drupal_register_shutdown_function($callback = NULL) {
// We cannot use drupal_static() here because the static cache is reset during
// batch processing, which breaks batch handling.
static $callbacks = array();
if (isset($callback)) {
// Only register the internal shutdown function once.
if (empty($callbacks)) {
register_shutdown_function('_drupal_shutdown_function');
}
$args = func_get_args();
array_shift($args);
// Save callback and arguments
$callbacks[] = array('callback' => $callback, 'arguments' => $args);
}
return $callbacks;
}
/**
* Internal function used to execute registered shutdown functions.
*/
function _drupal_shutdown_function() {
$callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function();
// Set the CWD to DRUPAL_ROOT as it is not guaranteed to be the same as it
// was in the normal context of execution.
chdir(DRUPAL_ROOT);
try {
while (list($key, $callback) = each($callbacks)) {
call_user_func_array($callback['callback'], $callback['arguments']);
}
}
catch (Exception $exception) {
// If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown.
require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc';
if (error_displayable()) {
print 'Uncaught exception thrown in shutdown function.
';
print '' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '
';
}
}
}