diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.form.inc b/core/modules/field/field.form.inc
index 461e20dd413..ac0cb701d2a 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.form.inc
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.form.inc
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ function theme_field_multiple_value_form($variables) {
   $output = '';
 
   if ($element['#cardinality'] > 1 || $element['#cardinality'] == FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED) {
+    $form_required_marker = array('#theme' => 'form_required_marker');
+    $required = !empty($element['#required']) ? drupal_render($form_required_marker) : '';
     $table_id = drupal_html_id($element['#field_name'] . '_values');
     $order_class = $element['#field_name'] . '-delta-order';
-    $required = !empty($element['#required']) ? theme('form_required_marker', $variables) : '';
 
     $header = array(
       array(
@@ -67,8 +68,17 @@ function theme_field_multiple_value_form($variables) {
       );
     }
 
+    $table = array(
+      '#theme' => 'table',
+      '#header' => $header,
+      '#rows' => $rows,
+      '#attributes' => array(
+        'id' => $table_id,
+        'class' => array('field-multiple-table'),
+      ),
+    );
     $output = '<div class="form-item">';
-    $output .= theme('table', array('header' => $header, 'rows' => $rows, 'attributes' => array('id' => $table_id, 'class' => array('field-multiple-table'))));
+    $output .= drupal_render($table);
     $output .= $element['#description'] ? '<div class="description">' . $element['#description'] . '</div>' : '';
     $output .= '<div class="clearfix">' . drupal_render($add_more_button) . '</div>';
     $output .= '</div>';
diff --git a/core/modules/field/field.module b/core/modules/field/field.module
index 92a2c4533bc..5ea0c0cf395 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/field.module
+++ b/core/modules/field/field.module
@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@ function field_help($path, $arg) {
           $items['items'][] = $display;
         }
       }
-      $output .= theme('item_list', $items) . '</dd>';
+      $item_list = array(
+        '#theme' => 'item_list',
+        '#items' => $items['items'],
+      );
+      $output .= drupal_render($item_list) . '</dd>';
       $output .= '<dt>' . t('Managing field data storage') . '</dt>';
       $output .= '<dd>' . t('Developers of field modules can either use the default <a href="@sql-store">Field SQL Storage module</a> to store data for their fields, or a contributed or custom module developed using the <a href="@storage-api">field storage API</a>.', array('@storage-api' => 'http://api.drupal.org/api/group/field_storage/8', '@sql-store' => url('admin/help/field_sql_storage'))) . '</dd>';
       $output .= '</dl>';
diff --git a/core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/views/field/Field.php b/core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/views/field/Field.php
index 2346271568a..7ce432ba3f3 100644
--- a/core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/views/field/Field.php
+++ b/core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/views/field/Field.php
@@ -624,12 +624,13 @@ class Field extends FieldPluginBase {
         return implode(filter_xss_admin($this->options['separator']), $items);
       }
       else {
-        return theme('item_list',
-          array(
-            'items' => $items,
-            'title' => NULL,
-            'list_type' => $this->options['multi_type'],
-          ));
+        $item_list = array(
+          '#theme' => 'item_list',
+          '#items' => $items,
+          '#title' => NULL,
+          '#list_type' => $this->options['multi_type'],
+        );
+        return drupal_render($item_list);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/core/modules/field_ui/field_ui.module b/core/modules/field_ui/field_ui.module
index 2040df277c9..8a8674c0a9a 100644
--- a/core/modules/field_ui/field_ui.module
+++ b/core/modules/field_ui/field_ui.module
@@ -355,19 +355,19 @@ function field_ui_view_mode_delete(EntityViewModeInterface $view_mode) {
  */
 function theme_field_ui_table($variables) {
   $elements = $variables['elements'];
-  $table = array();
+  $table = array('#theme' => 'table');
 
   // Add table headers and attributes.
-  foreach (array('header', 'attributes') as $key) {
-    if (isset($elements["#$key"])) {
-      $table[$key] = $elements["#$key"];
+  foreach (array('#header', '#attributes') as $key) {
+    if (isset($elements[$key])) {
+      $table[$key] = $elements[$key];
     }
   }
 
   // Determine the colspan to use for region rows, by checking the number of
   // columns in the headers.
   $columns_count = 0;
-  foreach ($table['header'] as $header) {
+  foreach ($table['#header'] as $header) {
     $columns_count += (is_array($header) && isset($header['colspan']) ? $header['colspan'] : 1);
   }
 
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ function theme_field_ui_table($variables) {
 
     // Add region rows.
     if (isset($region['title']) && empty($region['invisible'])) {
-      $table['rows'][] = array(
+      $table['#rows'][] = array(
         'class' => array('region-title', 'region-' . $region_name_class . '-title'),
         'no_striping' => TRUE,
         'data' => array(
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ function theme_field_ui_table($variables) {
     }
     if (isset($region['message'])) {
       $class = (empty($region['rows_order']) ? 'region-empty' : 'region-populated');
-      $table['rows'][] = array(
+      $table['#rows'][] = array(
         'class' => array('region-message', 'region-' . $region_name_class . '-message', $class),
         'no_striping' => TRUE,
         'data' => array(
@@ -417,10 +417,10 @@ function theme_field_ui_table($variables) {
           $row['data'][] = $cell;
         }
       }
-      $table['rows'][] = $row;
+      $table['#rows'][] = $row;
     }
   }
 
-  return theme('table', $table);
+  return drupal_render($table);
 }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/field_ui/lib/Drupal/field_ui/OverviewBase.php b/core/modules/field_ui/lib/Drupal/field_ui/OverviewBase.php
index 67b742b7989..39ffb8df974 100644
--- a/core/modules/field_ui/lib/Drupal/field_ui/OverviewBase.php
+++ b/core/modules/field_ui/lib/Drupal/field_ui/OverviewBase.php
@@ -180,7 +180,11 @@ abstract class OverviewBase implements FormInterface, ControllerInterface {
           if ($depth = count($parents[$name])) {
             $children = element_children($row);
             $cell = current($children);
-            $row[$cell]['#prefix'] = theme('indentation', array('size' => $depth)) . (isset($row[$cell]['#prefix']) ? $row[$cell]['#prefix'] : '');
+            $indentation = array(
+              '#theme' => 'indentation',
+              '#size' => $depth,
+            );
+            $row[$cell]['#prefix'] = drupal_render($indentation) . (isset($row[$cell]['#prefix']) ? $row[$cell]['#prefix'] : '');
           }
 
           // Add row id and associate JS settings.